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Dalfopristin

About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.


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TL;DR: It can be concluded that streptogramins, oxazolidinones and ketolides may be used as good alternatives especially in case of infections due to macrolide resistant pneumococci.
Abstract: Over the last two decades, antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been detected at an increasing rate. There have been several reports of increasing rate of macrolide resistance among the penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains. The rapid evolution of such resistance necessitated new antimicrobials, such as streptogramins, oxazolidinones and ketolides, against beta-lactam and macrolide resistant pneumococci. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of macrolide resistance in pneumococci isolated in a Turkish University hospital and also to determine the activity of these newly developed agents against pneumococci. For that purpose a total of 264 pneumococci, isolated from clinical specimens, were tested for susceptibility against penicillin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and telithromycin by agar dilution method. Penicillin resistance and intermediate penicillin resistance was found in 7.6% and 40% of isolates respectively, while resistance rates of the tested isolates against erythromycin, clarithromycin and clindamycin were as 15.9%, 13.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Resistance to macrolides and clindamycin was higher among the penicillin-resistant isolates. No resistance was detected against quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and telithromycin, except for four strains which had minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of intermediately susceptible category to quinupristin/dalfopristin. These data indicate the presence of an important percentage of macrolide resistant pneumococci in our hospital. It can also be concluded that streptogramins, oxazolidinones and ketolides may be used as good alternatives especially in case of infections due to macrolide resistant pneumococci.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Quinupristin/dalfopristin was bactericidal for all six strains investigated after 2 h at a concentration of 4 mg/l and showed good activity against penicillin-susceptible/erythromycin-sUSceptible strains.
Abstract: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of quinupristin/dalfopristin, penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin were determined by a standard agar dilution method for 93Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with invasive disease in Germany. Quinupristin/dalfopristin showed good activity against 32 penicillin-susceptible/erythromycin-susceptible strains (MIC90 0.5 mg/l; range 0.25–0.5 mg/l) and 31 penicillin-intermediate/erythromycin-susceptible strains (MIC90 0.5 mg/l; range 0.25–1 mg/l). Erythromycin-resistant strains (n=30) were slightly less susceptible (MIC90 1 mg/l; range 0.125–2 mg/l). Quinupristin/dalfopristin was bactericidal (99.9% killing) for all six strains investigated after 2 h at a concentration of 4 mg/l.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study illustrated the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant biofilm-producing S. epidermidis strains in this hospital, which could be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes.
Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis is well documented as an opportunistic pathogen causing biofilm in patients and healthy individuals. Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to describe the antibiotic resistance patterns of biofilm producing S. epidermidis strains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the role of different genes in biofilm formation was also described. Patients and Methods: A total of 250 S. epidermidis strains were isolated from patients in a private hospital of Tehran, Iran from February to December 2014. The biofilm formation of each strain was determined using combination of qualitative Congo-Red agar and quantitative microtiter plate assay, and presence of different genes involved in control and formation of biofilm was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility of S. epidermidis strains to 19 antibiotics was examined. Results: The results of the biofilm assay revealed that 82% of strains produced black colonies on Congo red agar plates and 68% were able to attach strongly to polystyrene microplates. One hundred percent, 88%, 84%, 64% and 60% of biofilm-producing strains were resistant to penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and kanamycin, respectively. On the other hand, none of the strains showed resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin. The icaA, icaD, aap and atlE genes were detected in all biofilm-producing strains and presence of IS256 transposon was limited to 84% of biofilm positive strains. Conclusions: The results of this study illustrated the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant biofilm-producing S. epidermidis strains in this hospital, which could be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2001-Chest
TL;DR: A patient with hairy-cell leukemia and vancomycin-resistant E faecium endocarditis presented with severe aortic insufficiency and was treated with a combination of quinupristin/dalfopristin, ampicillin, and gentamicin.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clonal distribution of MRSA at the Hospital Universitario de Canarias (Tenerife, Spain) and the relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and three major clones present were obtained, with the antibiotypes that best defined the ST5-MRSA-IV (Pediatric) clone showing resistance to tobramycin and susceptibility to clindamycin.
Abstract: Clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals may differ according to the geographic location and time period. Knowledge of MRSA clonal epidemiology in hospital settings involves much more than the study of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clones. In recent years, investigators have documented the introduction of both community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) clones, the emergence of clones carrying Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) XI, and the genetic diversity among sporadic MRSA isolates. The allocation of certain antibiotypes to dominant MRSA clones in an institution allows their use as phenotypic markers for a preliminary search for new clones, early detection of clonal shift, and as a guide for better empirical therapy, infection control, and treatment within a particular institution. For these reasons, we identified 938 strains detected in a System of Universal Active Surveillance of MRSA in clinical samples during the period 2009-2010, obtaining the clonal distribution of MRSA at the Hospital Universitario de Canarias (Tenerife, Spain) and the relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and three major clones present. The antibiotypes that best defined the ST5-MRSA-IV (Pediatric) clone showed resistance to tobramycin and susceptibility to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid, whereas the ST22-MRSA-IV clone (EMRSA-15) showed susceptibility to these antibiotics, and finally, the ST36-MRSA-II clone (EMRSA-16) was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tobramycin and susceptible to the remaining antimicrobials. Similar observations would allow the early detection of changes in clonal epidemiology by analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates within a single institution.

5 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237
202217
20219
202010
201913
201811