Dalfopristin

About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.

Bacterial and fungal uropathogens in diabetic patients and their susceptibility patterns: case study of two hospitals in douala

Abstract: Background: Diabetic patients are more prone to develop urinary tract infections (UTI), than non-diabetic patients. These infections are responsible for considerable morbidity, particularly if they are unrecognised or untreated. The successful management of UTI in diabetic patients depends on the proper identification of the pathogens responsible and the selection of efficient antibiotics/antifungals against them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Endocrinology/Diabetic units of the General Hospital and the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (Cameroon). Midstream urine samples were collected from the patients and analysed macroscopically and microscopically. Samples containing up to five leukocytes/mm3 were inoculated onto culture media for bacterial isolation and microbial load. Bacteriuria counts ≥10/mL was considered significant. Biochemical identification and susceptibility testing to antibiotics were carried out in positive cultures, using the VitekTM 2automated system. The susceptibility testing to antifungals was done by the disc diffusion method. Urine dipstick analysis was done using CombiScreenTM 11SYS PLUS. Results: Three hundred and fifteen patients comprising of 192 (60.95%) females, were enrolled. The overall UTI frequency was 20%, with rates of symptomatic bacteriuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria being 6.37% and 13.63% respectively. A total of 75 uropathogens were isolated, 3fungi (4%) and 72 bacteria (96%) strains. The most isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (45.33%). Gram-positive cocci included Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase negative Staphylococci were also found. The only fungus isolated was Candida albicans. The susceptibility rate for Gram-negative bacilli was 100% for Imipenem, 93.30% for Amikacin, and Piperacillin+Tazobactam. The lowest rates were observed for Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole. Gram-positive cocci were 100% susceptible to Moxifloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Tetracycline, Tigecycline, and Rifampicin. The susceptibility rate for Vancomycin and Oxacillin were 66.70% and 55.50% respectively. All the isolated strains of C. albicans were susceptible to Econazole, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole and Flucytosine; and all were resistant to Nystatine. Conclusion: Many uropathogens were isolated from diabetic patients, and low susceptibilities to "first-line" drugs were observed. Dipstick urinalysis has a great contribution in urine culture examination.

[MIC and MBC of quinupristin/dalfopristin of erythromycin-resistant MRSA strains isolated from clinical specimens].

Abstract: The MICs and MBCs of quinupristin/dalfopristin were determined for 22 clinical strains MRSA with inducible type of resistance to MLS-B and for 15 of their derivatives with constitutive resistance to MLS-B. For MRSA strains with inducible resistance to MLS-B the obtained results for quinupristin/ dalfopristin were: MIC50 = 0.25, MIC90 = 0.5, MBC50 = 1.0 and MBC90 = 1.0. Mutants of the same strains characterized with the following values for quinopristin/dalfopristin: MIC50 = 0.5, MIC90 = 1.5, MBC50 = 4.0 and MTC90 = 8.0.

Investigation of the bactericidal effects of vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin on Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the correlation between the bactericidal activity of vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) on Staphylococcus aureus isolates and their minimal inhibition concentrations. The in-vitro susceptibilities of the 99 S. aureus isolates to vancomycin and Q/D were investigated by agar dilution. Thirty methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 30 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) vancomycin and Q/D susceptible isolates were involved in time-kill studies. While both MRSA and MSSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, 96% of both isolates were determined as susceptible to Q/D. In the time-kill test, after 6 h of incubation vancomycin exhibited a bactericidal activity of 90% on MRSA and 100% on MSSA isolates. On the other hand, in the same incubation period Q/D was 47% and 93% bactericidal for MRSA and MSSA isolates, respectively. After 24 h of incubation, while vancomycin was bactericidal for all MRSA and MSSA isolates, Q/D exhibited a bactericidal activity of 93% on MRSA isolates and 97% on MSSA isolates.

Resistance to Critical Important Antibacterials in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains of Veterinary Origin

Abstract: Staphylococcal infections represent a challenge in companion animals and hospitalized patients. This study aimed to assess the resistance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, against a broad panel of antibacterials, including exclusive to human medicine. A total of 40 S. pseudintermedius were collected from clinical specimens of dogs (n = 31) and cats (n = 5). All strains were tested for 20 antibacterials, namely 14 Critical Important and eight Highly Important Antibacterials (CIA and HIA, respectively), indicative for 18 antimicrobial classes. All strains were susceptible to seven antibiotics (daptomycin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, teicoplanin/vancomycin, tigecycline). The highest resistance was against penicillin (97.5% Confidence Interval [CI]: 83.8–100.0), whereas the lowest against telavancin (2.5%, CI: 0.0–16.2). Resistance versus Highest Priority CIA was observed, namely against macrolides (70.0, CI: 52.1–84.3), quinolones (62.5, CI: 44.5–78.3), 5th generation cephalosporins (7.5, CI: 1.3–21.6), and glycopeptides (2.5%, CI: 0.0–14.2). Among High Priority CIA, strains were resistant only to aminoglycosides (65.0, CI: 47.0–80.4) and ansamycins (12.5, CI: 3.8–28.1). We observed the highest resistance against veterinary medicine antibacterials, but there was also resistance against antibacterials exclusive to human medicine, namely ceftaroline (7.5, CI: 1.0–23.8) and telavancin. S. pseudintermedius zoonotic potential and its rate of acquisition of new resistance should encourage surveillance on a broad spectrum of antibacterials.

Provisional quality control parameters and interpretive criteria for testing susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to quinupristin/dalfopristin (RP59500)

Abstract: Studies were undertaken to select tentative criteria for susceptibility testing of quinupristin/dalfopristin againstStreptococcus pneumoniae andHaemophilus influenzae. Against 612 isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin were ≤1.0 μg/ml for all but one strain. With a tentative MIC breakpoint of either ≤ 1.0 μg/ml or ≤2.0 μg/ml for susceptible, a disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint of ≥19 mm embraced all but two of the susceptible pneumococci; ≥16 mm included all strains. ForHaemophilus influenzae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin clustered near the tentative breakpoints; 91.5% of the MICs were 2.0 to 8.0 μg/ml. This precluded satisfactory performance of the disk diffusion test in discriminating between resistant and susceptible isolates unless MIC breakpoints are modified for this species: clinical experience will be needed before that can be justified. Based on data from a multilaboratory study, the following quality control limits are proposed forStreptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 when testing quinupristin/dalfopristin: 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml for broth microdilution tests and 19 to 24 mm for disk diffusion tests. For tests ofHaemophilus influenzae ATCC 29247, MIC limits are 2.0 to 16 μg/ml; disk tests were very reproducible but are not yet recommended.