scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Dalfopristin

About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Geographical differences in erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in isolates of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus strongly reflect geographical variations in susceptibility to penicillin and methicillin, respectively.
Abstract: Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics are chemically distinct inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. Resistance to MLS antibiotics may be constitutive or inducible. The purpose of this study is to update our understanding of the prevalence of different forms of MLS resistance in Europe. The analysis of 3653 clinical pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates exhibited an average percentage of 21.3% and 6.2% intermediate and high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, 21.8% methicillin-resistant S t a p h y l o- coccus aureus and 11% vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Geographical differ- ences in erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in isolates of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus strongly reflect geographical variations in susceptibility to penicillin and methicillin, respec- tively. A very narrow range of MICs was obtained with quinupristin/dalfopristin, with no S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and E. faecium isolate having an MIC of >4 mg/L, indicating a possible role of quinupristin/dalfopristin in the treatment of infections by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Persistence of a number of widespread PFGE types containing different resistance genes might reflect environmental/host-adapted enterococcal strains that might contribute to the maintenance of antibiotic resistance, thus constituting a resistance reservoir that is non-sensitive to banning interventions.
Abstract: Objectives: We determined the presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci (ARE) in commercialized poultry samples from Portugal and analysed their clonal diversity and the resistance genes harboured by these strains. Methods:Ninety-nineretailpoultrysamplesof10widelycommercializedbrandswerestudied(1999–2001). Samples were enriched and plated on selective media with and without vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin or kanamycin. Antibiotic susceptibility was established following standard criteria. Identification and detection of genes coding for resistance were determined by PCR. Clonal relatedness was established by PFGE. Results:Ahighpercentageofsamplescontainedvancomycin-resistantenterococci(VRE)(48%),orenterococci highly resistant (HLR) to gentamicin (34%), streptomycin (32%) or kanamycin (30%). Co-resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and quinupristin/dalfopristin was observed in most of these isolates.VREwereclassified as VanAphenotype-vanAgenotype(38%of samples), VanBphenotype-vanA (13%) or VanC phenotype-vanC1 (23%). All HLR to gentamicin isolates contained aac(6 0 )-Ie-aph(2 00 )-Ia .W e detectederm(B)inbotherythromycin-resistantand-susceptibleisolates.SomeVREandHLRtogentamicin strainswererecoveredfromdifferentsamplesandbrands.Long-termpersistenceofparticularVREstrains (>2 years), exhibiting different Van phenotypes, was observed. Conclusions:HighoccurrenceofAREsuggestsmaintenanceofselectivepressurebytheuseofantibiotics/ other substances in the Portuguese poultry environment. Persistence of a number of widespread PFGE typescontainingdifferentresistancegenesmightreflectenvironmental/host-adaptedenterococcalstrains that might contribute to the maintenance of antibiotic resistance, thus constituting a resistance reservoir that is non-sensitive to banning interventions.

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To treat MRSA infections, clinicians should select an MRSA drug with proven in-vivo effectiveness, i.e., daptomycin, Linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, minocycline, or vancomycin, and not rely on in- vitro susceptibility data.

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows the presence of a significant reservoir of antibiotic-resistant enterococci among farm animals and resistance was more common on farms using antimicrobial agents.
Abstract: Objective: We evaluated the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci from animal farms and the potential relation of resistance to antimicrobial use. Methods: Enterococci from faecal samples from 18 beef cattle, 18 dairy cattle, 18 swine, 13 chicken, and eight turkey farms were prospectively evaluated over a 6 year period from 1998 to 2003. Results: We evaluated 1256 isolates of Enterococcus faecium and 656 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. None was vancomycin resistant. Quinupristin/dalfopristin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin resistance rates in E. faecium were 2%, 0% and 55% in beef cattle, 8%, 7% and 47% in dairy cattle, 21%, 1% and 47% in swine, 85%, 12% and 23% in chicken, and 52%, 13% and 24% in turkey isolates, respectively. For E. faecalis, gentamicin resistance rates were 0% in beef cattle, 24% in dairy cattle, 37% in swine, 32% in chicken, and 29% in turkey isolates, whereas 12%, 9%, 21%, 64% and none of isolates from beef, dairy, swine, chicken, and turkey farms, respectively, were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance in E. faecium was more common on chicken and turkey farms using virginia-mycin (P< 0.0001 for both) compared with farms not using a streptogramin, gentamicin resistance was more common on dairy farms using gentamicin (P<0.0001) compared with farms not using this antibiotic, and ciprofloxacin resistance was more common on turkey and dairy farms using enrofloxacin compared with those with no enrofloxacin use (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). For E. faecalis, gentamicin resistance was more frequently detected on dairy and swine farms using gentamicin (P< 0.0001 and P = 0.0052, respectively) and ciprofloxacin resistance was more common on beef farms using enrofloxacin (P<0.0001) compared with farms not using these antimicrobials. PFGE showed multiple strain types with some clones common between animals of the same animal species. Conclusions: This study shows the presence of a significant reservoir of antibiotic-resistant enterococci among farm animals. Resistance was more common on farms using antimicrobial agents.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The low prevalence and low level of resistance of these strains in human stool specimens suggest that the use of virginiamycin in animals has not yet had a substantial influence on E. faecium infections.
Abstract: Background The combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin was approved in the United States in late 1999 for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections. Since 1974, another streptogramin, virginiamycin, has been used at subtherapeutic concentrations to promote the growth of farm animals, including chickens. Methods To determine the frequency of quinupristin-dalfopristin–resistant E. faecium, we used selective medium to culture samples from chickens purchased in supermarkets in Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, and Oregon and stool samples from outpatients. Results Between July 1998 and June 1999, samples from 407 chickens from 26 stores in four states were cultured, as were 334 stool samples from outpatients. Quinupristin-dalfopristin–resistant E. faecium was isolated from 237 chicken carcasses and 3 stool specimens. The resistant isolates from stool had low-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 4 μg per milliliter; resistance was defined as ...

103 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Antibacterial agent
35.8K papers, 1.2M citations
82% related
Antibiotic resistance
29.1K papers, 884.5K citations
82% related
Staphylococcus aureus
27K papers, 779K citations
81% related
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
16.8K papers, 565.2K citations
81% related
Drug resistance
28.4K papers, 1.1M citations
80% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237
202217
20219
202010
201913
201811