Topic
Dalfopristin
About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.
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TL;DR: The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program has detected a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from respiratory tract specimens of hospitalized patients with pneumonia in Latin America.
78 citations
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TL;DR: This extended phenotyping scheme has revealed further complexities and evolutionary possibilities in patterns of resistance to this group of antibiotics.
Abstract: Phenotypes of resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-ketolide-streptogramin (MLKS) group of antibiotics have been determined in 540 clinical isolates of staphylococci (210 Staphylococcus aureus and 330 coagulase-negative species). Results of disc diffusion tests using erythromycin A, oleandomycin, rokitamycin, clindamycin, telithromycin, quinupristin and dalfopristin delineated four main groups corresponding to those defined classically using erythromycin and clindamycin only, but with sub-divisions. Resistance to erythromycin was more common in coagulase-negative strains (56%) than in S. aureus (16%); telithromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and rokitamycin were active against >97% of S. aureus strains and >88% of the coagulase-negative strains. The commonest resistance phenotype was 'inducible MLS(B)' (12% in S. aureus, 31% in coagulase-negative strains); this group could be divided in terms of the different inducing abilities of erythromycin and oleandomycin. 'Constitutive MLS(B)' and 'MS' phenotypes were more often found in coagulase-negative strains (11 and 13%, respectively) than in S. aureus (2 and 1%). Novel phenotypes were found during the isolation of constitutively resistant mutants from inducible strains, and of resistant mutants from 'MS' strains. This extended phenotyping scheme has revealed further complexities and evolutionary possibilities in patterns of resistance to this group of antibiotics.
77 citations
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TL;DR: A 19,398-bp plasmid (pLME300), present in several erythromycin-resistant strains of Lb.
76 citations
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TL;DR: Isolates from bulk tank milk of dairy herds collected in 2009 and 2010 displayed spa-types assigned to the clonal complex CC398, and did not carry genes associated with typical virulence factors for Staph.
76 citations
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TL;DR: Inhibitors of early cell wall synthesis caused reduction of methicillin resistance and change from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous methiillin-resistant phenotype.
Abstract: We tested the effect of a number of mechanistically distinct antibacterial agents on the expression of methicillin resistance in a highly and homogeneously resistant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotics, used at 0.25 x MIC, included inhibitors of early steps in peptidoglycan synthesis (fosfomycin, beta-chloro-D-alanine, D-cycloserine); bacitracin; teicoplanin and vancomycin; beta-lactam inhibitors chosen on the basis of their relatively selective affinities for penicillin-binding proteins 1, 2, 3 and 4 of S. aureus (imipenem, cefotaxime, cephradine and cefoxitin); compounds that inhibit various steps in protein synthesis (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin) and an inhibitor of DNA gyrase (temafloxacin). All inhibitors of early cell wall synthesis caused reduction of methicillin resistance and change from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous methicillin-resistant phenotype. Similar effects were obtained with only cephradine out of the four beta-lactams tested, and with erythromycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin as well. The other inhibitors of protein synthesis and DNA gyrase had no effect.
75 citations