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Dalfopristin

About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vancomycin, linezolid, and combined quinupristin and dalfopristin were more effective in vitro than fluoroquinolones against CoNS in the current study.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that linezolid produces a greater reduction in the number of cells eluted with the exponentially decreasing method compared with the constant concentration exposure, and should be considered for further clinical studies of the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections.
Abstract: Biofilms of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of coagulase-negative staphylococcus and glycopeptide-intermediate strains of S. aureus (GISA) were exposed to the oxazolidinone linezolid, and four comparator antibiotics (quinupristin/ dalfopristin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and ciprofloxacin) using a Sorbarod model. The effects of these antibiotics were assessed by monitoring the reduction in the number of cells eluted from the biofilms. The biofilms were exposed to the antibiotics by two methods. The first was an exponentially decreasing drug concentration method, where the rate of dilution was matched to the half-lives of the antibiotics and the initial concentration matched peak serum levels. The second was a constant drug concentration method, in which biofilms were exposed to antibiotics for 2 h, with the concentration of the antibiotic equalling the total amount of drug used in the exponentially decreasing method. The results indicate that linezolid produces a greater reduction in the number of cells eluted with the exponentially decreasing method compared with the constant concentration exposure against all strains tested except for one of the GISA strains, Mu 50. Overall, ciprofloxacin produced the greatest effects in the exponentially decreasing concentration experiments, but only against non-resistant strains. In the constant concentration exposure no one drug was responsible for the largest reductions in cell numbers observed. Linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin produced a reduction in the number of cells eluted from the biofilms of all of the strains tested in both methods of exposure and should be considered for further clinical studies of the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Time-kill kinetic studies revealed that like the macrolide compounds, the ketolides are bacteristatic at or near the MIC for both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Q-D significantly reduced the mean log10 CFU per gram of bone versus that for the controls, and the combination of rifampin with either Q-D or vancomycin was significantly more effective than monotherapy.
Abstract: We compared the efficacies of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D; 30 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h) and vancomycin (60 mg/kg twice daily), alone or in combination with rifampin (10 mg/kg twice daily), in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus knee prosthesis infection. In contrast to vancomycin, Q-D significantly reduced the mean log10 CFU per gram of bone versus that for the controls. The combination of rifampin with either Q-D or vancomycin was significantly more effective than monotherapy.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The newest antimicrobials reviewed herein are not a significant improvement upon older agents in the treatment of SSSIs, and perhaps this assessment will change if the penetrance of the antimicrobial resistance patterns described above reach a critical threshold and clinical failures become more widespread.
Abstract: Bacterial skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) are among the most frequently seen infectious entities in the community setting and occasionally in the institutional setting. A wide variety of SSSIs exist, with cellulitis, impetigo and folliculitis being the most common. Most SSSIs are caused by aerobic staphylococci and streptococci, with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes being involved in more complicated infections. Systemic therapy with a variety of beta-lactams, macrolides and lincosamides (clindamycin) have been the cornerstone of SSSI therapy for many years. With the exception of mupirocin, topical therapy occupies a small therapeutic niche. Despite the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the pathogens most commonly associated with SSSIs (for example, Streptococcus pyogenes and macrolides; Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and mupirocin), few treatment failures have been reported. The newest antimicrobials reviewed herein (linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin) are not a significant improvement upon older agents in the treatment of SSSIs. Perhaps this assessment will change if the penetrance of the antimicrobial resistance patterns described above reach a critical threshold and clinical failures become more widespread.

45 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237
202217
20219
202010
201913
201811