Topic
Dalfopristin
About: Dalfopristin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 696 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26621 citations. The topic is also known as: RP-54476 & Dalfopristina.
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TL;DR: Analysis of 247 faecal enterococcal isolates from 99 healthy Portuguese individuals during 2001 revealed the presence of enterococci resistant to vancomycin and highly resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin or gentamicin, which were related to Portuguese poultry isolates described previously.
40 citations
TL;DR: All isolates were resistant to rifampicin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, and some were also resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin, tetracycline, levofloxacIN, gentamicin and streptomycin, while vancomycin resistance was not detected.
40 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that subinhibitory quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibits virulence factor release by S. aureus, which might be especially helpful for the treatment of S.aureus infections, where both bactericidal as well as anti-toxin activity may be advantageous.
Abstract: Objectives: The semi-synthetic streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin antibiotic exerts potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated whether, like other bactericidal antibiotics used at subinhibitory concentrations, quinupristin/dalfopristin enhances release of toxins by Grampositive cocci. Methods: The activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin on exotoxin release by S. aureus was investigated by 2D SDS–PAGE combined with MALDI-TOF/MS analysis and by western blotting. Results: We show that quinupristin/dalfopristin at subinhibitory concentrations reduces the release of S. aureus factors that induce tumour necrosis factor secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, quinupristin/dalfopristin but not linezolid attenuated S. aureus-mediated killing of infected host cells. When added to S. aureus cultures at different stages of bacterial growth, quinupristin/dalfopristin reduced in a dose-dependent manner the release of specific virulence factors (e.g. autolysin, protein A, aand b-haemolysins, lipases). In contrast, other presumably non-toxic exoproteins remained unchanged. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that subinhibitory quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibits virulence factor release by S. aureus, which might be especially helpful for the treatment of S. aureus infections, where both bactericidal as well as anti-toxin activity may be advantageous.
40 citations
TL;DR: Macrolide resistance has remained stable over the last five years and M-phenotypes are the most prevalent expression of MLS(B) resistance in North America, compared to previous SENTRY Program analysis.
39 citations
TL;DR: The problem of resistant gram-positive bacteria in PD peritonitis, their therapy, and the role of these newer agents, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin, are reviewed.
Abstract: The incidence of resistant gram-positive bacteria in nosocomial and, more recently, community-acquired infections is increasing. Staphylococci, because of their natural habitat on the skin, have always been the leading cause of peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). These organisms have demonstrated a remarkable ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, first with penicillin, then antistaphylococcal penicillins (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and more recently, strains expressing resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus) have emerged. Enterococci are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract and occasionally cause PD peritonitis. In the past 15 years, vancomycin-resistant enterococci have emerged as significant pathogens in many areas. In the past 5 years, novel antibiotics that have activity on gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant strains, have become available. The problem of resistant gram-positive bacteria in PD peritonitis, their therapy, and the role of these newer agents, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin, are reviewed.
39 citations