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Daphnia
About: Daphnia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2845 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103761 citations.
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TL;DR: The measured toxicities of the tested pharmaceuticals shows that acute effect of single substances in the aquatic environment are very unlikely, but it should be kept in mind that considerable combination effects can occur and that toxicity data from chronic studies are needed to assess the environmental risk of drug residues.
890 citations
TL;DR: Results are the first to show that direct life history shifts in algae and Daphnia populations may occur as a result of exposure to nanoplastic.
Abstract: The amount of nano- and microplastic in the aquatic environment rises due to the industrial production of plastic and the degradation of plastic into smaller particles. Concerns have been raised about their incorporation into food webs. Little is known about the fate and effects of nanoplastic, especially for the freshwater environment. In this study, effects of nano-polystyrene (nano-PS) on the growth and photosynthesis of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus and the growth, mortality, neonate production, and malformations of the zooplankter Daphnia magna were assessed. Nano-PS reduced population growth and reduced chlorophyll concentrations in the algae. Exposed Daphnia showed a reduced body size and severe alterations in reproduction. Numbers and body size of neonates were lower, while the number of neonate malformations among neonates rose to 68% of the individuals. These effects of nano-PS were observed between 0.22 and 103 mg nano-PS/L. Malformations occurred from 30 mg of nano-PS/L onward. Such plastic concentrations are much higher than presently reported for marine waters as well as freshwater, but may eventually occur in sediment pore waters. As far as we know, these results are the first to show that direct life history shifts in algae and Daphnia populations may occur as a result of exposure to nanoplastic.
819 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the toxicity of water-soluble fullerene (nC 60 ) was evaluated on several environmentally relevant species, including the freshwater crustaceans Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca, and a marine harpacticoid copepod.
498 citations
TL;DR: Long-term exposure of aquatic organisms to nTiO(2) may alter the growing status of these organisms at both individual and population levels, posing risks to aquatic ecosystems.
491 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that zooplankton have evolved both physiological and behavioral adaptations which enhance their abilities to coexist with toxic cyanobacteria.
Abstract: Acute toxicity experiments with purified toxins show that four species of zooplankton differ markedly in their physiological sensitivity to cyclic peptide hepatotoxins from Microcystis ueruginosu (microcystin-LR1 and Noduluria spumigenu (nodularin). The copepod Diaptomus birgei was most sensitive (48-h LC,, for microcystin-LR ranged from 0.45 to 1.00 pg ml-l), Daphnia pulicuriu was least sensitive (48-h LCsO, 21.4 pg ml-l), and Daphnia hyulinu (48-h L& 11.6 pg ml- *) and D ap niu pulex (48-h LC&,, 9.6 pg ml-l) were intermediate in sensitivity. h Survivorship in the presence of toxic Microcystis was strongly infiuenced by both physiological sensitivity and feeding behavior. Relatively good survivorship by D. pulicuriu was associated with low sensitivity to purified toxin and rapid feeding inhibition in the presence of toxic cells. In contrast, very poor sur\ivorship by D. pulex was associated with greater physiological sensitivity and nearly uninhibited feeding on toxic Microcystis. Intermediate survivorship by D. birgei was associated with food selection capabilities on the one hand and high physiological sensitivity and uninhibited feeding on the other. Our results suggest that zooplankton have evolved both physiological and behavioral adaptations which enhance their abilities to coexist with toxic cyanobacteria.
486 citations