Showing papers on "Data acquisition published in 1970"

A computer operated mass spectrometer system

Abstract: Computer controlled mass spectrometer system, processing spectral information data for on-line graphic system output

Simulation studies related to GARP

Abstract: Simulation studies for first GARP global experiment, discussing data redundancy, measured and derived data, sampling, etc

A new architecture for mini-computers: the DEC PDP-11

Abstract: The mini-computer has a wide variety of uses: communications controller; instrument controller; large-system pre-processor; real-time data acquisition systems...; desk calculator. Historically, Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-8 Family, with 6,000 installations has been the archetype of these minicomputers.

On-Line Acquisition of Data from Raman and Infrared Spectrometers with a Time-Sharing Computer

Abstract: Considerations leading to the interface and software design of an on-line data acquisition system are presented. The system makes extensive use of conversation mode programing and the nature and extent of the operator-computer program interactions are discussed. The system employs close-loop control of the acquisition process with the possibility of operator intervention at any stage. Control actions and data reduction may be initiated asynchronous to the data acquisition process. An illustration of the use of the system for correcting relative Raman intensities is given.

Data Processing and Analysis

Abstract: A key to proper performance of the various experimental techniques for remote analysis is the proper accumulation, transmission, and analysis of spectral data. Of necessity, measurements are made in a field environment where it is very difficult to exert as much control over the experimental procedures as is usual in a laboratory environment. Thus one must develop data acquisition, transmission, and analysis methods in which the maximum amount of information can be obtained.

An Automatic Data Acquisition System for Calorimetry: The Specific Heat of α‐Al2O3 between 300 and 470 K

Abstract: The data acquisition system, using a commercially available automatic ac bridge, digital voltmeter, and transistorized digital logic modules, is suitable for both discrete and continuous heating calorimetry. The output, via a Teletype, is a printed record and punched paper tape. The total cost of parts was less than $25 000. The computer program to handle the output is described. As an illustration of the operation of the system the results of measurements in the range 300–470 K on the calorimetric standard sample α‐Al2O3 are given. The measurements, having a precision of ±0.1%, were made in an improved form of the calorimeter described by Martin and Snowdon [Can. J. Phys. 44, 1449 (1966)]. Agreement with the latest National Bureau of Standards results (Ditmars and Douglas) is around 0.1% when they are corrected to the same temperature scale. The effect of heater lead resistance on the results has been experimentally determined.

Design of a real-time central data acquisition and analysis system

Abstract: A computer system is described for real-time data acquisition and servicing of 40 asynchronous inertial guidance system test stations. Some data are received automatically from the small guidance system computers at a maximum rate of eight words per second. Other data are input manually at each station via a mode selector and several 16-position thumbwheel switches. The data are received, partially edited and stored all in real time, and retrieved and analyzed with the highest "time-availability" priority at the time of completion of the guidance system test. The analysis results determine further testing or repair actions for each guidance system. The central computer is a SEL 840-MP, a general-purpose 24-bit, 32K, 1.75-µs cycle-time machine with basic real-time monitor software. The special purpose system is implemented as a software/ hardware interface with the real-time monitor and the test station hardware. A key factor for the real-time data processing is the use of random access blocks on mass storage discs to greatly augment primary memory without seriously degrading total accessing time. This also frees "background" core for off-line programs running in a low-priority interruptable mode and for the analysis programs which do not operate in the real-time mode. A disc allocation and cataloging scheme is presented along with a hardware and software description.

Multipath tolerant ranging and data transfer techniques for air-to-ground and ground-to-air links

Abstract: This work addresses data acquisition problems associated with an improved air traffic control system. A mathematical theory of scattering which describes the multipath process is developed. From this model, the optimum signal structure required for ranging and communicating data through the multipath propagation medium is derived. It is shown that the Reed-Solomon Codes have near optimum properties for ranging and data communications. A baseline data transmission system for air traffic control is designed which will accommodate 4000 aircraft per second at the rate of 100 bits per second in a 60 by 120 mile area. The baseline system combines coding with frequency hopping as the best means of combating severe multipath interference. Several coding systems are compared and curves relating error rate to E b /N 0 (signal-to-noise energy per bit) for a channel characterized by Rayleigh fading are presented. This paper concludes that a ground-to-air and air-to-ground high capacity data link at a reasonable cost will be feasible for an improved air traffic control system.

Modification of a Gel Permeation Chromatograph for Automatic Sample Injection and On-Line Computer Data Recording

Abstract: Gel permeation chromatograms are usually subjected to mathematical analyses of varying degrees of complexity to obtain molecular weight distribution and analytical data. Hand reduction of the recorder output data is difficult and time consuming even on an occasional basis. This paper describes in detail the modifications necessary to adapt the Waters Gel Permeation Chromatograph Model 200 for on-line data acquisition by a computer equipped with an analog to digital converter (IBM 1800). Since the operation is done in the background mode, time sharing with several other users or instruments is possible. Modifications to the auto injection unit are also described. This system has proven to remove all of the usual hand data reduction steps and to be extremely flexible for nonroutine analyses.

Developments and applications of real-time high resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract: Real time high resolution mass spectroscopy using digital computer techniques for data acquisition, processing and presentation

Signal Transduction with Differential Pulse Width Modulation

Abstract: The Differential Pulse Width Modulation System presented here is a signal transduction scheme applicable to a wide range of data acquisition processes for either large systems such as industrial process control, aircraft flight testing, computerized medical information centers, etc. or individual users seeking low cost, compact measuring instruments. In this scheme, a variable capacitance or equivalent sensor, actuated by the physical quantities to be measured, is combined with an integrated circuit containing mainly logic elements, to generate a series of pulses with fixed height in voltage but varying width in time so that the difference/sum ratio of the width between two adjacent pulses is proportional to the input. Signals thus modulated can be converted readily into analog output by simple low-pass filtering and can also control a simple up-down counter to give digital output, bypassing the conventional analog-digital converter. For portable recording, this differential pulse width scheme facilitates the use of inexpensive tape recorders at no sacrifice in accuracy, since there is no need for precision speed control.

Computer-guided explorations in lipid chemistry

Abstract: The concept of computer guided experimentation is illustrated in lipid research with recent examples of (1) simulations of chemical and physical phenomena, (2) processing of laboratory data, and (3) data acquisition in on-line or real time mode.

Semiautomatic Hall Effect Measurements System

Abstract: A system simplifying Hall effect measurements is described. With this system the operator effort is reduced from the usual time consuming sequence of control and measurement steps to simply recording the data values. A single digital voltmeter is used to display all the values of currents and voltages required for these measurements and also the temperature of the Hall sample. The proper sequence of measurements, including magnetic field control, is achieved by using a programming switch driven by a stepping motor energized by timers. An original design of a constant current source is included. The output from the digital voltmeter could be connected to a digital punch or automatic data acquisition system providing full automation of measurements.

A Digital Computer Data Acquisition, Display, and Analysis System for the Gamma Camera

Abstract: A digital computer data acquisition, display, and analysis system for use with a scintillation camera is described. The system makes possible quantitative analysis of a scan image now represented by a 50 × 50 matrix. The low cost of the small general-purpose computer employed in this system makes it a practical consideration for the average nuclear medicine laboratory.

IBM system/7 and plant automation

Abstract: The recently announced IBM System/7 was developed for use in a broad range of data acquisition and control applications and provides the foundation for comprehensive plant automation applications. Its unique modular structure and broad spectrum of features satisfy the basic plant automation requirements described in the paper by Kinberg and Landeck in this issue. In the present paper the functional characteristics, important design features, and the basic architectural concepts of hardware and software are discussed. An example of the use of this new system in the automation of the System/7 manufacturing process itself is provided to illustrate its use in the testing of complex electronic assemblies as part of an integrated plant automation system.

Simulation of the performance of computer systems

Abstract: Computer systems performance simulation, discussing data collection and preparation and language selection

Air Damped Capacitance Accelerometers and Velocimeters

Abstract: This is a companion paper serving as an extension of an earlier presentation entitled ``Signal Transduction With Differential Pulse Width Modulation''1. In that paper, a scheme was introduced to streamline the data acquisition system bridging a variety of physical parameters to be measured with several forms of signal processing. The essential part of that scheme involves the generation of a differential pulse width modulated signal with integrated logic circuits utilizing d. c. excitation to produce analog output with significant power, a pulse width modulated signal suitable for transmission or tape recording, or a digital output suitable for computer coupling.

Orela Data Acquisition into Greater than 105 Channels through a Priority Multiplexer Operating on a Direct Memory Access and a Program Controlled Device Interface

Abstract: The Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) facility includes a linear accelerator and a series of computers for real-time data acquisition and on-line analysis of the acquired data. The unique features of the data acquisition computers are the following: a word-addressed, fixed-head disk; a direct-memory access, four-channel priority multiplexer capable of a peak data rate of 25,000 events/sec per channel; and a program-controlled, subaddressed device interface. Operation of the word-addressed, fixed-head disk through software and hardware control allows the experimental events to determine which channels are to have their contents read into the core memory from the disk for updating, with a resulting theoretical maximnum average data rate of 11,000 events/sec. Trade-offs for future systems are possible between the hardware and software. Operation of the priority multiplexer is described briefly. A modified, TMC, 4096-channel time-of-flight analyzer allows control from the computer through the multiplexer. A pulse generating unit, mounted in a triple-width NIM module, operates through one channel of the program-controlled device interface to control a TMC time-of-flight analyzer and a sample changer. The sample changer operates in a feedback loop that is controlled by a computer program.

Use of force plate for acquisition of kinetic data during human gait

Abstract: We cannot see forces and are not able to measure them during a clinical evaluation. However, the ground reaction force can be measured with a force plate, which is an instrument used for gait analysis in many laboratories. With a force plate one can acquire data that describe some gait characteristics not detectable through visual inspection. In this article, we present information regarding types of force plate commercially available, installation, data acquisition during gait, data normalization, and the interpretation of these data. It is not our intention to present a database of kinetics data from clinical analysis, but it is to provide basic subsidies to use force plate to acquire kinetics data during human gait.

Boner-II an On-Line Multi-Laboratory Data Acquisition System

Abstract: BONER-II, a revision of BONER, a programmed on-line multi-laboratory data acquisition system implemented on Bonner Nuclear Laboratories' IBM 1800 Computer, supported by IBM's Time-Sharing Executive (TSX), and interfaced with Bonner Laboratories' Experiment Control Unit (ECU), incorporates the following features: i) independent concurrent acquisition and analysis of data from a maximum of eight laboratories; ii) dynamic real-time storage allocation of data input/output buffer blocks, processed or unprocessed data analysis buffer blocks, and program blocks; iii) garbage collection and relocation of core blocks to optimize usage of core; iv) dynamic allocation and release of peripheral equipment to accommodate the varying needs of the various laboratories; v) selective program-controlled display of data analysis buffers; vi) queueing of non-process function programs to operate on displayed data analysis buffers; vii) partial or total real-time data analyses (the percentage of which can be varied by the experimenter); viii) non-process time-sharing of program compilation and debugging, or data analyses as coordinated by TSX when BONER-II is not in control. This paper will discuss the software implementation of BONER-II to a multi-laboratory environment for the purpose of maximizing usage of computer resources while minimizing the experimenter's need to interact with the computer data acquisition system.

Pollution Surveillance and Data Acquisition Using Multispectral Remote Sensing

Abstract: Large scale water resource investigations and effective pollution surveillance programs require the development of additional instrumentation and techniques to supplement existing methods of data acquisition. As a result, interest is growing in the concept of remote sensing. Described in this paper is the multispectral sensor concept and its application in water resource studies.

Automatic Data Collection for Mossbauer Effect Spectroscopy

Abstract: An automatic data collection system for four Mossbauer effect experiments has been implemented by Argonne National Laboratory utilizing a small general purpose digital computer and a special purpose interface. This system, being characteristic of open-loop, on-line systems, permits maximum utilization to be made of interface hardware to fully automate data collection from four simultaneous experiments, while the computer is in a "halt" condition or being utilized for background processing. Extensive consideration was given in the design of this system to achieve the most advantageous balance of hardware and software.

Some Thoughts on the Data Acquisition Problem of High-Energy Physics Experiments

Abstract: Some of the questions that arise when considering a standard data-bussing system are discussed. The discussion is restricted to applications in high-energy physics instrumentation. It is pointed out that it is necessary to provide for the operation of such systems without on-line computers.