Showing papers on "Data envelopment analysis published in 1995"
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31 Jul 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present DEA Software Packages for the U.S. Airline Industry and present a Spatial Efficiency Framework for the Support of Locational Decision (SELF).
Abstract: Preface G. Kozmetsky. Part I: Concepts, Models & Computation. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic DEA Models. 3. Extensions to DEA Models. 4. Computational Aspects of DEA A. Iqbal Ali. 5. DEA Software Packages. Part II: Novel Applications. 6. Evaluating the Impacts of Operating Strategies on Efficiency in the U.S. Airline Industry R.D. Banker, H.H. Johnston. 7. Analyzing Technical and Allocative Efficiency of Hospitals P. Byrnes, V. Valdmanis. 8. A Multi Period Analysis of Market Segments and Brand Efficiency in the Competitive Carbonated Beverage Industry A. Charnes, W.w. Cooper, B. Golanyi, F.Y. Phillips, J.J. Rousseau. 9. Exploring why Some Physicians' Hospital Practices are More Efficient: Taking DEA Inside the Hospital J. Chilingerian. 10. On the Measurement and Monitoring of Relative Efficiency of Highway Maintenance Patrols W.D. Cook, A. Kazakov, Y. Roll. 11. Strategic Leaders in the U.S. Brewing Industry: a Longitudinal Analysis of Outliers D. Day, A.Y. Lewin, R. Salazar, Hongyu Li. 12. A Spatial Efficiency Framework for the Support of Locational Decision A. Desai, K. Haynes, J. Storbeck. 13. Productivity Developments in Swedish Hospitals: a Malmquist Output Index Approach R. Fare, S. Grosskopf, B. Lindgren, P. Roos. 14. Ownership Type, Property Rights and Relative Efficiency G. Ferrier. 15. A Comparative Analysis of Ferry Transport in Norway F.R. Forsund, E. Hernaes. 16. Incorporating Standards via Data Envelopment Analysis B. Golany, Y. Roll. 17.Stratified Models of Education Production Using Modified DEA and Regression Analysis C.A. Knox Lovell, L.C. Walters, L.L. Woods. 18. The Problems of New and Disappearing Commodities in the Construction of Price Indexes C.A. Knox Lovell, K.D. Zieschang. 19. Evaluating the Relative Efficiency of Baseball Players? M.J. Mazur. 20. Sensitivity Analysis of Efficiency Measures with Applications to Kansas Farming and Illinois Coal Mining R. Thompson, P.S. Dharmapala, R.M. Thrall. Part III: Epilogue: Process and Bibliography. 21. The DEA Process, Usages and Interpretations. 22. DEA Bibliography L.M. Seiford. References. Index.
2,773 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential applicability of frontier methods in agricultural economics is discussed, along with the construction of technical, allocative, scale and overall efficiency measures relative to these estimated frontiers.
Abstract: In this paper recent developments in the estimation of frontier functions and the measurement of efficiency are surveyed, and the potential applicability of these methods in agricultural economics is discussed. Frontier production, cost and profit functions are discussed, along with the construction of technical, allocative, scale and overall efficiency measures relative to these estimated frontiers. The two primary methods of frontier estimation, econometric and linear programming, are compared. A survey of recent applications of frontier methods in agriculture is also provided.
633 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of time in nonparametric efficiency analysis is examined using both FDH and DEA technologies, and it is shown how each observation in a panel can be characterized in efficiency terms vis-a-vis three different kinds of frontiers: (i) "contemporaneous", (ii) "sequential", and (iii) "intertemporal".
516 citations
TL;DR: In this article, measures of technical and scale efficiencies are derived in the Italian banking industries by implementing non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis on a cross section of 174 Italian banks taken in 1991.
Abstract: Measures of technical and scale efficiencies are derived in the Italian banking industries by implementing non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis on a cross section of 174 Italian banks taken in 1991. The methodology of the parametric and non-parametric approaches to measure efficiency are discussed. The existence of both technical and allocative efficiency is established. This result is robust to modifications in the specification of inputs and outputs suggested by the Intermediation Approach and by the Asset Approach. In implementing both the Intermediation and the Asset Approach the traditional specification of inputs is modified to allow an explicit role for financial capital. In addition, regression analysis is used on a bank-specific measure of inefficiency to investigate determinants of banks' efficiency. Efficiency is best explained by productive specialization, size and, to a lesser extent, by location.
435 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the macroeconomic performance of 19 OECD countries over the period 1970-1990 and find that performance rankings do change, and that the relative performance of the European countries declines, when the environmental disamenities are added to the service list.
417 citations
TL;DR: This study finally identifies the most efficient FMS system by applying weight flexibility restriction and cross efficiency methods to rectify the difficulty.
363 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for efficiency evaluation based upon the theory of chance constrained programming is developed, which uses a piecewise linear envelopment of confidence regions for observed stochastic multiple-input multiple-output combinations in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) tradition.
Abstract: A model for efficiency evaluation based upon the theory of chance constrained programming is developed. The model uses a piecewise linear envelopment of confidence regions for observed stochastic multiple-input multiple-output combinations in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) tradition. The model allows for an exogenous decomposition of the total variation in data for each Decision Making Unit (DMU). By varying certain probability levels the model can provide estimates of the sensitivity of efficiency scores regarding an unknown amount of noise in date. An application of the method in an evaluation of the research activities in economic departments at Danish Universities is presented.
305 citations
TL;DR: Diagnostic tools for examining the role of influential observations in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications are provided and several empirical examples are provided using data from previously published studies.
Abstract: This paper provides diagnostic tools for examining the role of influential observations in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications. Observations may be prioritized for further scrutiny to see if they are contaminated by data errors; this prioritization is important in situations where data-checking is costly and resources are limited. Several empirical examples are provided using data from previously published studies.
303 citations
TL;DR: One bank used data envelopment analysis DEA to substantially improve its branch productivity and profits while maintaining service quality, and identified over $6 million of annual expense savings not identifiable with traditional financial and operating ratio analysis in its 33-branch system.
Abstract: One bank used data envelopment analysis DEA to substantially improve its branch productivity and profits while maintaining service quality. It identified over $6 million of annual expense savings not identifiable with traditional financial and operating ratio analysis in its 33-branch system. A fairly new linear-programming-based benchmarking technique, DEA explicitly considers all the resources each branch uses and the services it provides. It compares branches objectively to identify the best-practice branches, the less productive branches, and the changes the less productive branches need to make to reach the best-practice level and to improve their profitability.
300 citations
TL;DR: Estimates of most productive output scale suggest that locally decreasing returns to scale set in at higher output levels for physicians who treat higher proportions of high severity patients.
272 citations
TL;DR: In this article, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to investigate the technical efficiency of U.K. university departments of economics as producers of research and the role of external funding of research as an input into the research process.
TL;DR: In this article, a decision model for technology selection problems using a two-phase procedure is proposed, in phase 1, data envelopment analysis is used to identify technologies that provide the best combinations of vendor specifications on the performance parameters of the technology.
TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of police forces in England and Wales using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is presented, which contributed to a study of crime management carried out by the Audit Commission, an independent body, set up by Act of Parliament to encourage the economic, effective and efficient provision of public services.
TL;DR: This paper presents a resource allocation model based on Data Envelopment Analysis DEA that extends the original objective of the DEA methodology from measuring efficiency to include the evaluation of various aspects of effectiveness and equality considerations.
Abstract: This paper presents a resource allocation model based on Data Envelopment Analysis DEA. The model extends the original objective of the DEA methodology from measuring efficiency to include the evaluation of various aspects of effectiveness and equality considerations. The model is formulated as a linear program that can be solved by means of a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition algorithm. Theoretical properties of the model are compared with those corresponding to the model developed by Mandell Mandell, M. B. 1991. Modelling effectiveness-equity trade-offs in public service delivery systems. Management Sci.374 467-482. to evaluate the trade-off between equity and effectiveness. A numerical example is used to illustrate the comparison between the models.
TL;DR: In this paper, an interface between goal programming and Data Envelopment Analysis (GoDEA) is developed to integrate target setting and resource allocation in multi-level planning problems.
TL;DR: A plausible set of inputs and outputs for perinatal care in which the output set incorporates both activity levels and quality measures is proposed, which would allow for weight restrictions and varying preferences over potential improvements to different quality measures.
TL;DR: In this article, a scalar-valued summary measure of the macroeconomic performance of an economy is proposed, which combines any number of conventional but non-commensurate performance indicators.
TL;DR: In this paper, a bootstrap methodology for constructing confidence intervals for means of DEA and econometrically estimated efficiency scores, Malmquist productivity indices, and other similar measures in small samples is presented.
Abstract: This paper provides a bootstrap methodology for constructing confidence intervals for means of DEA and econometrically estimated efficiency scores, Malmquist productivity indices, and other similar measures in small samples. The procedure is nonparametric since no distributional assumptions are required. An empirical example is provided.
TL;DR: It is illustrated that cross-evaluation can give better results (in terms of robustly recovering unobserved ‘real’ efficiencies) than simple DEA effi...
Abstract: There is a need to distinguish among efficient DMUs in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We introduce cross-evaluation in DEA as a logical extension of the reference set count, an idea which is alre...
TL;DR: In this article, the use of alternative methodologies for assessing corporate performance of industrial sectors within the UK economy is considered, and it is argued that ratio analysis in itself is insufficient for assessing performance and that more advanced tools like data envelopment analysis should be used to complement ratio analysis.
Abstract: This paper considers the use of alternative methodologies for assessing corporate performance of industrial sectors within the economy. It is argued that the use of ratio analysis in itself is insufficient for assessing performance, and that more advanced tools like data envelopment analysis should be used to complement ratio analysis. Data envelopment analysis is used in the paper to address a series of issues concerning the measurement of corporate performance, which includes an assessment of sales' efficiency, the effects of economies of scale, benchmarking of a firm's performance and the association between industry groups and performance. The paper uses data drawn from the grocery industry in the UK.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine three essential components which comprise efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis and determine the implicit evaluation scheme associated with the model and provide a framework for classifying the various DEA models with respect to (i) the form of envelopment surface, (ii) the orientation, and (iii) the pricing mechanism implicit in the multiplier lower bounds.
TL;DR: In this article, various two-dimensional charts for illustrating the DEA efficiency results have been drawn using an experimental DEA software tool, AskDEA, developed by the authors, using a set of decision-making units.
TL;DR: This paper addresses the problem of ranking schemes based on multiple performance measures constructed from citations data by applying ranking techniques, namely, data envelopment analysis and integer programming, which systematically allow for multiple performance Measures.
Abstract: One component of research assessment has been, and will continue to be, the explicit (or implicit) ranking of journals. Despite the obvious limitations, citations data are generally used to generate rankings as they provide one of the few quantifiable aspects of a journal's performance. Previous ranking schemes based on multiple performance measures constructed from citations data, such as the 'Diamond core,' can be criticized for their use of arbitrary weighting schemes to generate their final rankings. This paper addresses this problem by applying ranking techniques, namely, data envelopment analysis and integer programming, which systematically allow for multiple performance measures. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the practical usefulness of separating market efficiency from profitability when assessing the comparative performance of private sector organizational units and show how data envelopment analysis can be used to assess market efficiency and illustrate the usefulness of this measure in managing the public houses of a brewery.
Abstract: This paper discusses the practical usefulness of separating market efficiency from profitability when assessing the comparative performance of private sector organizational units. The market efficiency of a unit reflects its ability to attract custom. The paper shows how data envelopment analysis can be used to assess market efficiency and it illustrates the usefulness of this measure in managing the public houses of a brewery.
TL;DR: Nunamaker et al. as discussed by the authors examined the potential utility of SEA disclosures in determining public policy in education and proposed data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure input-output efficiency.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that DEA technical efficiency does not necessarily imply a DEA maximum profit ratio; and vice versa, a DEA maximization ratio does not always imply technical efficiency, and the essence of the mathematical framework underlying this argument is provided.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the capacity of DEA to produce a user-friendly array of results, based on sound theoretical underpinnings, and suggest that, although still very much under development, DEA is usable and, given the weakness of current means of measuring efficiency in the National Health Service, that DEA has a strong claim for further consideration.
Abstract: Measurement of the efficiency of health services would aid the promotion of a better allocation of health care resources. Economic analysis suggests a number of ways of defining and measuring efficiency. However, this rarely informs measures used in health service management. This paper looks at the potential for the use in the United Kingdom's National Health Service of the linear programming based method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is applied to data from 75 UK acute hospitals. The results demonstrate the capacity of DEA to produce a user-friendly array of results, based on sound theoretical underpinnings. These range from the measurement of relative efficiencies to quantified suggestions as to how hospitals may improve efficiency, by examining both their own efficiency and that of comparable units. Information is provided both about individual hospitals and the sample as a whole. DEA is also able to distinguish between hospitals demonstrating differing returns to scale. Our findings suggest that, although still very much under development, DEA is usable and, given the weakness of current means of measuring efficiency in the National Health Service, that DEA has a strong claim for further consideration.
TL;DR: This paper applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to identify both strategic leaders, the best practice players in the industry, and strategic groups to examine which are the source of the most sustained heterogeneity in the performance of U.S. brewers.
TL;DR: In this article, two sets of performance measures are computed for local operating companies, using data envelopment analysis, for the years 1973, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 1987, showing that firms have benefited from incumbency positions in early exploitation of opening markets, but increasing pressures have induced firms to continuously strive towards frugality in resource consumption.
Abstract: Whether or not the progressive introduction of competition in the U.S. telecommunications industry has induced firm-level efficiencies is studied in this paper. Two sets of performance measures are computed for local operating companies, using data envelopment analysis, for the years 1973, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 1987. The first set measures whether firms are able to augment output values; the second set measures whether firms conserve resources or inputs. Both sets of measures improve between 1973 and 1987. The output value augmentation measures initially rise steeply and then plateau, while the input conservation measures rise more steadily. These indicate that firms have benefited from incumbency positions in early exploitation of opening markets, but increasing pressures have induced firms to continuously strive towards frugality in resource consumption.