Showing papers on "Data envelopment analysis published in 2003"
TL;DR: In this article, non-parametric techniques are used to estimate technical and scale efficiency of individual Australian universities and the results show that regardless of the output-input mix, Australian universities as a whole recorded high levels of efficiency relative to each other.
703 citations
TL;DR: Results appear to confirm earlier findings that public provision demonstrates less variability than private, and points to the future in terms of possible directions for research in efficiency measurement in health care and health.
Abstract: This paper reviews 188 published papers on frontier efficiency measurement. The techniques used are mainly based on non-parametric data envelopment analysis, but there is increasing use of parametric techniques, such as stochastic frontier analysis. Applications both to hospitals and wider health care areas are reviewed and summarised, and some meta-type analysis undertaken. Results appear to confirm earlier findings that public provision demonstrates less variability than private. The paper is meant as a resource in itself, but also points to the future in terms of possible directions for research in efficiency measurement in health care and health.
487 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the managerial performance of 45 hotels in 1998 and the efficiency change of 45 Hotels from 1994 to 1998.
464 citations
TL;DR: The study shows that the mean efficiency score of Indian banks compares well with the worldmean efficiency score and the efficiency of private sector commercial banks as a group is, paradoxically lower than that of public sector banks and foreign banks in India.
452 citations
Book•
18 Aug 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce decision-making units (DMUs) and the concepts of Efficiency Measurement (EM) and Frontier Analysis (FSA) to evaluate the efficiency of DMUs.
Abstract: PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Decision-Making Units Basic Concepts of Efficiency Measurement Graphical Description - Frontier Analysis Strongly and Weakly Efficient DMUs Exercises PART TWO: MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING ASPECTS OF DEA Mathematical Formulation Exercises Dual DEA Models Multiplier and Envelopment DEA Programmes Input and Output Oriented Envelopment DEA Programs Relationships among Different DEA Formulations Exercises PART THREE: ECONOMIES OF SCALE Returns to Scale and DEA Variable Returns to Scales Multiplier DEA Programs Technical and Scale Efficiencies Estimation of the Most Productive Scale Size Investigating the Returns to Scale Properties of a DMU Exercises PART FOUR: MISCELLANEOUS DEA MODELS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Multiplicative DEA Models Additive Models Time Series Analysis using DEA Some Extensions of DEA Exercises Other DEA Models and Extensions PART FIVE: COMPUTER-BASED SUPPORT FOR DEA Computational Features of DEA DEA Software Internet Support for DEA A Brief Description of DEA Software PART SIX: DEA BIBLIOGRAPHY AND APPLICATIONS Brief Literature Survey Selected DEA Applications PART SEVEN: SOME ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION ON DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Some Considerations on the Application Procedure of DEA Strengths and Limitations
438 citations
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the main results of Cazals et al. (2002) on robust nonparametric frontier estimators and proposes a methodology implementing the tool and shows how this tool can be used for detecting outliers when using the classical DEA/FDH estimators or any parametric techniques.
Abstract: In frontier analysis, most of the nonparametric approaches (DEA, FDH) are based on envelopment ideas which suppose that with probability one, all the observed units belong to the attainable set. In these "deterministic'' frontier models, statistical theory is now mostly available (Simar and Wilson, 2000a). In the presence of superefficient outliers, envelopment estimators could behave dramatically since they are very sensitive to extreme observations. Some recent results from Cazals et al. (2002) on robust nonparametric frontier estimators may be used in order to detect outliers by de. ning a new DEA/FDH "deterministic'' type estimator which does not envelop all the data points and so is more robust to extreme data points. In this paper, we summarize the main results of Cazals et al. (2002) and we show how this tool can be used for detecting outliers when using the classical DEA/FDH estimators or any parametric techniques. We propose a methodology implementing the tool and we illustrate through some numerical examples with simulated and real data. The method should be used in a first step, as an exploratory data analysis, before using any frontier estimation.
356 citations
TL;DR: A hierarchical analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to solve a plant layout design problem and empirical illustrations from a practical case study illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
333 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the determinants of technical efficiency and the relationship between farm size and efficiency in the Center-West of Brazil, where agricultural production and total factor productivity have grown the fastest since 1970.
Abstract: This paper explores the determinants of technical efficiency, and the relationship between farm size and efficiency, in the Center-West of Brazil. This is the region where agricultural production and total factor productivity have grown the fastest since 1970. It is also a region characterized by unusually large farms. Technical efficiency is studied with Data Envelopment Analysis and county level data disaggregated by farm size and type of land tenure. The efficiency measure is regressed on a set of explanatory variables which includes farm size, type of land tenure, composition of output, access to institutions, and indicators of technology and input usage. The relationship between farm size and efficiency is found to be non-linear, with productivity first falling and then rising with size. Access to institutions, credit, and modern inputs are found to be important determinants of the differences in efficiency across farms. Improved access could strengthen the efficiency advantage of small and medium farms.
306 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an international benchmarking study of 63 regional electricity distribution utilities in six European countries, and examine the effect of the choice of benchmarking methods using DEA, COLS and SFA models.
301 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that data envelopment analysis (DEA) can be viewed as maximising the average efficiency of the decision-making units (DMUs) in an organisation and models for allocating fixed costs and input resources are presented.
294 citations
TL;DR: It is usual to rank the participant countries in the Olympic Games in accordance with the number of medals they have won, but an alternative ranking is suggested in this paper, based on each country’s ability to win medals in relation to its available resources.
Book•
01 Oct 2003
TL;DR: An introduction to data envelopment analysis , An introduction toData envelope analysis , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی اهواز .
Abstract: An introduction to data envelopment analysis , An introduction to data envelopment analysis , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
TL;DR: It is shown that weight restrictions on imprecise data are redundant and a simplified approach is developed to reduce the computational burden if one uses the first approach.
TL;DR: In this article, the average airport in Europe operates under constant returns to scale in "producing" air transport movements and under increasing returns to scales in producing passenger movements, and these operating characteristics are statistically tested in a stochastic frontier model.
Abstract: In this paper we argue that European airports, on average, are inefficient. Airline inefficiency (low load factors) appears to contribute significantly to airport inefficiency in terms of air passenger movements. We find that the average airport in Europe operates under constant returns to scale in “producing” air transport movements and under increasing returns to scale in producing passenger movements. These operating characteristics are statistically tested in a stochastic frontier model. Using data envelopment analysis, in which the number of runways is used as a fixed factor, technical and scale efficiency coefficients have been assessed. There appears to be no region-specific effect in that an airport in a certain country or region is on average more (in)efficient.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied a nonparametric frontier method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with a sample of 245 large banks and found that current large banks acquire relatively lower level of marketability efficiency.
TL;DR: This paper describes a systematic statistical method for deciding which of the original correlated variables can be omitted with least loss of information, and which should be retained.
TL;DR: In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is extended to a dynamic framework so that investment behavior can be modelled with the efficient production frontier, based on the work of Nemoto and Goto.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to measure productive efficiencies when a firm employs quasi-fixed inputs that cannot be instantaneously adjusted to their optimal levels. To this end, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is extended to a dynamic framework so that investment behavior can be modelled with the efficient production frontier. Based on the work of Nemoto and Goto (1999), we show how the efficiencies of quasi-fixed inputs and their adjustment processes are evaluated. An application to Japanese electric utilities over the 1981–1995 period delivers empirically plausible results and proves the usefulness of the procedure.
TL;DR: In this article, the Banker, Charnes and Cooper formulation of DEA is used when a ratio model is deployed, which may be necessary in order to reflect accurately the underlying production function or because of the nature of the data available.
Abstract: It is often necessary to use ratios rather than absolute numbers as inputs and outputs in data envelopment analysis. This may be necessary in order to reflect accurately the underlying production function, or because of the nature of the data available. This note explains why the Banker, Charnes and Cooper formulation of DEA must be used when a ratio model is deployed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the context-dependent DEA by incorporating value judgment into the attractiveness and progress measures, and applied the method to measuring the attractiveness of 32 computer printers.
Abstract: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for identifying the efficient frontier of decision making units (DMUs). Context-dependent DEA refers to a DEA approach where a set of DMUs are evaluated against a particular evaluation context. Each evaluation context represents an efficient frontier composed by DMUs in a specific performance level. The context-dependent DEA measures (i) the attractiveness when DMUs exhibiting poorer performance are chosen as the evaluation context, and (ii) the progress when DMUs exhibiting better performance are chosen as the evaluation context. The current paper extends the context-dependent DEA by incorporating value judgment into the attractiveness and progress measures. The method is applied to measuring the attractiveness of 32 computer printers. It is shown that the attractive measure helps (i) customers to select the best option, and (ii) printer manufacturers to identify the potential competitors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a productivity analysis using data envelopment analysis (DEA) of 45 US commercial airports selected from the top 15 large, medium, and small hub airports.
TL;DR: This work develops some fuzzy versions of the classical DEA models by using some ranking methods based on the comparison of α-cuts, and shows, in a numerical example, how these models become specially useful for detecting sensitive decision-making units.
TL;DR: A new super-efficiency model is proposed that generates the samesuper-efficiency scores as conventional super- efficiency models for all units having a feasible solution under the latter, and generates a feasible solutions for all Units not having a viable solution underThe latter.
Abstract: DEA super-efficiency models were introduced originally with the objective of providing a tie-breaking procedure for ranking units rated as efficient in conventional DEA models. This objective has been expanded to include sensitivity analysis, outlier identification and inter-temporal analysis. However, not all units rated as efficient in conventional DEA models have feasible solutions in DEA super-efficiency models. We propose a new super-efficiency model that (a) generates the same super-efficiency scores as conventional super-efficiency models for all units having a feasible solution under the latter, and (b) generates a feasible solution for all units not having a feasible solution under the latter. Empirical examples are provided to compare the two super-efficiency models.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the concept of productivity in retailing, and define the output of a retail firm as a set of explicitly priced market goods accompanied by distribution services that are implicitly priced.
Abstract: We investigate the concept of productivity in retailing. In the literature, there are unresolved issues concerning the construct of retail output and measurement methodologies. In accordance with recently developed theory, we define the output of the retail firm as a set of explicitly priced market goods accompanied by distribution services that are implicitly priced. We operationalise these services, and measure productivity of a chain of grocery stores using data envelopment analysis. We also find evidence of increasing returns to scale. Managerial implications of the findings are provided.
TL;DR: This paper focuses on non-oriented efficiency measures (which assume that production units are able to control, and thus change, inputs and outputs simultaneously) both measured in relation to a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) technology and in connection to a convex technology.
Abstract: This paper draws attention for the fact that traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models do not provide the closest possible targets (or peers) to inefficient units, and presents a procedure to obtain such targets. It focuses on non-oriented efficiency measures (which assume that production units are able to control, and thus change, inputs and outputs simultaneously) both measured in relation to a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) technology and in relation to a convex technology. The approaches developed for finding close targets are applied to a sample of Portuguese bank branches.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of activity-based funding on hospital efficiency was investigated in the Norwegian hospital sector from 1 July 1997, where a fraction of the block grant from the state to the county councils has been replaced by a matching grant depending upon the number and composition of hospital treatments.
Abstract: Activity-based financing (ABF) was implemented in the Norwegian hospital sector from 1 July 1997. A fraction of the block grant from the state to the county councils has been replaced by a matching grant depending upon the number and composition of hospital treatments. As a result of the reform, the majority of county councils have introduced activity-based contracts with their hospitals. This paper studies the effect of activity-based funding on hospital efficiency. We predict that hospital efficiency will increase because the benefit from cost-reducing efforts in terms of number of treated patients is increased under ABF as compared with global budgets. The prediction is tested using a panel data set from the period 1992-2000. Efficiency indicators are estimated by means of data envelopment analysis (DEA) with multiple inputs and outputs. Using a variety of econometric methods, we find that the introduction of ABF has improved efficiency when measured as technical efficiency according to DEA analysis. The result is less uniform with respect to the effect on cost-efficiency.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to rank the relative efficiency of thirty-two counties comprising the Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan region and finds that the greatest external economies originate in the urban core and decline toward the periphery.
Abstract: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to rank the relative efficiency of thirty-two counties comprising the Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Region and finds that the greatest external economies originate in the urban core and decline toward the periphery. By employing 1993 IMPLAN input?output database and county estimates of final payments (inputs) and final demands (outputs), DEA classifies efficient and inefficient counties that produce maximum output using minimum input, and a sensitivity analysis ranks counties according to robustness of the efficiency classifications. Efficiency differences between three groups identify the metropolitan core, transitional region, and peripheral region. Dominant industries in the three regions are identified and contrasted using location quotients. This study adopts the various analytical techniques into an urban regional systems approach for policy analysis and implementation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how close the potential English Premier League Clubs play using a deterministic Data Envelopment Analysis approach, the productive efficiency of 20 teams in the 2000/2001 season is measured and weaknesses of individual teams are disclosed.
Abstract: This paper investigates how close to their potential English Premier League Clubs play. Using a deterministic Data Envelopment Analysis Approach, the productive efficiency of 20 teams in the 2000/2001 season is measured and weaknesses of individual teams are disclosed. The sensitivity of results is analyzed with regard to different model specifications and variable combinations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Data Envelopment Analysis-based methodology was applied to current data for 82 industrial/manufacturing firms comprising the credit portfolio of one of Turkey's largest commercial banks.
Abstract: For managing credit risk, commercial banks use various scoring methodologies to evaluate the financial performance of client firms. This paper upgrades the quantitative analysis used in the financial performance modules of state-of-the-art credit scoring methodologies. This innovation should help lending officers in branch levels filter out the poor risk applicants. The Data Envelopment Analysis-based methodology was applied to current data for 82 industrial/manufacturing firms comprising the credit portfolio of one of Turkey's largest commercial banks. Using financial ratios, the DEA synthesizes a firm's overall performance into a single financial efficiency score—the “credibility score”. Results were validated by various supporting (regression and discriminant) analyses and, most importantly, by expert judgments based on data or on current knowledge of the firms.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the productivity performance of state enterprises using Data Envelopment Analysis and a Malmquist index and found that the average technical efficiency was low for these firms.
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified slacks-based measure (MSBM) model is presented, in which both negative outputs and negative inputs occur, and the MSBM model takes into account individual input and output slacks, which provides more precise evaluation of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs).
Abstract: This paper is primarily concerned with data envelopment analysis (DEA) of systems where negative outputs and negative inputs arise naturally. Examples of situations in which both negative inputs and negative outputs occur are given. More attention has been paid, in the literature, to the former type of problem. Most available DEA software does not solve this type of problem or copes with negative outputs and possibly negative inputs by assigning zero weights to them. A modified slacks-based measure (MSBM) model is presented, in which both negative outputs and negative inputs occur. The MSBM model overcomes the lack of translation invariance in the slacks-based measure model by drawing on the ideas from the range directional model (RDM). The MSBM model takes into account individual input and output slacks, which provides more precise evaluation of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs). It therefore, generally leads to lower efficiencies for inefficient DMUs than the RDM.