Showing papers on "Data management published in 1974"

Management : Principles and Practices

Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: management perspectives evolution of management theory and practice global management - meeting the competitive challenge social responsibility and ethics in management Part 2 Planning and decision making: decision making, planning concepts and practices strategic management tactical and operational planning Part 3 Organizing: bringing together people and resources organizations in transition - structural evolution organized jobs and groups staffing and effectively managing human resources Part 4 Leading and leadership: motivation - productivity through people leadership - influencing behaviour for excellence perspectives on change, conflict and stress toward more effective communication Part 5 Controlling - managing for results: the controlling function product and operations management information systems management Part 6 Managing challenges: entrepreneurship managing careers and career development

Information systems for management

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A Quantitative Analysis of the Utilization of Associative Memories in Data Management

Abstract: An associative approach to data management is developed, and a methodology for measuring the performance and effectiveness of this approach is provided. Mathematical models which quantitatively describe retrieval, storage requirements, updating, and flexibility are developed for both a class of current sequential systems and an associative system. Utilizing these models, a comparison is made between the two systems under certain assumptions so that for given classes of data management problems, one can determine which system is more favorable.

Using Interactive Graphics for the Preparation and Management of Finite Element Data

Abstract: Interactive graphics is an aid which eliminates the data management problems that arise when manually preparing finite element models. Line and surface data representations of sheet metal automotive stampings are displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT), and these data are then used for building finite element models. Elements are built by creating node points with the light pen or by using automatic mesh generating techniques. By using the interactive capability, the user immediately sees the results of his modeling decisions and can make changes in his model as a result of viewing his work.

Engineering Data Management System (EDMS) for computer aided design of digital computers

Abstract: The current technology lets a DA system handle the data on various design levels such that pure logical, logical and physical and pure physical information are mixedly used on a PCB design.The design process has not been uniformly carried out, such that the simulation of digital system, the routing and a PCB and a unit design has been carried out at the same time, and made the operation and the management be more difficult and complicated. Therefore, only extention of traditional DA systems tends to be difficult to cope with these situations.We have studied these problems and developed Engineering Data Management System - EDMS - so as to be open-ended general purpose DA system which can meet with the future innovation of the technology.

The relational data management system: A perspective

Abstract: In this paper, the functional capabilities and economic features of the Relational Data Management System (RDMS) are discussed. RDMS is a generalized on-line data management system written in PL/1 for the Multics operating system.The basic concepts of RDMS are introduced and the similarities between the conventional file concept and the relation concept are discussed. A data-base is shown to be a set of relations. By generalizing the concept of field to be a property of the data-base, and by labeling relations with the names of their columns (fields), relations of a data-base may be implicitly linked by virtue of having a common column or field name (the dataclass name). On-line commands for operations on two such relations which yield a third result relation are illustrated. Other facilities of RDMS, such as computational, report-generation, and query-report packages are discussed.In RDMS, the relation concept is implemented as a matrix of reference numbers which refer to character string datums which are stored elsewhere in distinct dataclass files. In addition to significant storage savings, this allows a single representation-independent logical interface to the storage and access of character string data.RDMS was developed from graduate work done at M.I.T. by L. A. Kraning and A. I. Fillat in 1970 and is now being used by the administrative departments at M.I.T.

Skylab report - Man's role in space research

Abstract: Some of the early results reported by several investigators in the solar physics discipline are described, as well as a subjective response to long-term zero-gravity exposure in several areas related to medical studies. Many of the roles in which man has participated in research aboard Skylab will again be important in future space activities such as the Space Shuttle. Examples are pointing, alignment, transient identification and response, and assurance of data quality. These tasks can be extended to include a greater role in data management and interpretation, so that some selectivity or processing, or both, might be appropriate onboard the spacecraft, prior to transmission of data to the ground.

A Relational Data Management System

Abstract: RDMS is a flexible data analysis and manipulation system based on Codd’s relational operations and Child’s set-theoretic operations. This presentation focuses on the application of these techniques to practical problems. Some details of our implementation on a large virtual memory computer will be given.

A prototype system for interactive data analysis

Abstract: The analysis of small and simple data collections is commonly accomplished through the application of "canned" statistical analysis programs. For larger more complex data collections, however, such programs often do not satisfy a researcher's needs. In these cases, the additional use of specially developed computer programs may be necessary. These programs frequently require modification and reformatting of data to meet their input requirements. These additional complexities are compounded when a researcher attempts to investigate alternative hypotheses or pursue hunches requiring further transformations or restructuring of the original data collection. Often, this process involves the services of a professional programmer making repeated program modifications and computer runs.

The Objectives of Database Management

Abstract: This paper is intended for both corporate management and the technical information specialists who are concerned or responsible for the proper management of corporate data resources. For corporate management who both use and make decisions regarding the use of database management systems it provides sufficient detail to appreciate the fact that some difficult technical problems underlie the objectives. For the technical information specialist it provides a broad view of what might be the major objectives of database management, to understand how some of his technical problems and the things that are treated lightly in today’s systems really do fit into the larger picture of management. In a sense it is intended to establish a common ground of understanding between management and the information specialist—a ground from which dialogue and negotiation can spring to their mutual benefit. The assumed context of database management systems is management information systems in the business organization. This context is selected for its richness, diversity, and changeability. When management repeatedly deals with a problem area they produce a procedural manual, delegate the handling of the problem to others, and accept the challenge of dealing with new problems and new concerns, and of reaching new horizons.

The futures of database management

Abstract: This paper explores some futures of database management. A review of the historical development of database management facilities reveals a dichotomy of systems into host-language database management systems for application programmers, and self-contained database management systems for nonprogramming users. Development trends indicate that future systems will combine facilities to serve both the programming and nonprogramming users, will be functionally more complete, and will offer greater data independence and a simpler user interface. The CODASYL Data Base Task Group proposal is the only possible candidate for a standard yet it still presents some serious weaknesses. With the development of systems based upon Codd's relational data model, IBM could become a dominant force in database management systems in the next decade. Emerging technology includes computer architectures with functionally-distinct, asynchronous processors some using associative processing techniques. A separate database management machine can yield better performance and greater data integrity.

A simulation model to aid in the design and tuning of hierarchical databases

Abstract: Bell Laboratories has developed a data management system for hierarchical databases. The system is designed in such a way that its performance can be significantly affected by a number of parameters which can be manipulated to “tune” an installation for minimum response time and lowest cost. In order to study the relationships among these parameters, a simulation model was developed which has enabled the preparation of published guidelines to be used by database designers and administrators. In addition, the model itself is available for direct use on an interactive basis as a standard part of a utility package provided as a component of the system. The work on which this paper is based was done while the author was with Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey.

An Approach and Instrumentation for Management System Analysis

Abstract: : This report specifies an approach for accomplishing system analyses of complex management functions A data collection instrument designed for mapping the communications network of the Navy manpower planning system is described The instrument solicits from system participants the data necessary to trace both formal and informal information flows and make cost-benefit judgments about specific communications The format developed for organization of the collected data is especially suitable for descriptive network analysis Additionally, it provides a framework for comparison of producer and consumer views of the raw data and intermediate information products generated and utilized within the management system Such comparisons are indispensable to diagnosis of possible system malfunctions and the presciption of changes (Author)

Integrating data base management into operating systems: an access method approach

Abstract: It appears that the final word about Data Management and Data Base Management has not yet been said. Different authors stress different points in the rather sparse bibliography on the subject. Different program products and packages are oriented toward completely distinct approaches, diverging progressively from a standardization rather than converging to it.

A look at characterizing the design of information systems

Abstract: Mr. C. T. Schlegel, Chairman of the ACM74 session for which this paper was prepared, described his session as one which will try to distinguish those intrinsic features of information systems which separate them from data management systems. He further states that. "there exist many programming packages which efficiently and rapidly handle large amounts of data stored on computers. However, to call them information systems is a little too inaccurate for our tastes"... Mr. Schlegel makes the further observation that. "data becomes information only when interpreted in some context, and the context and the interpretation are usually provided by people who use the data, not the software".

A Secure Approach to Data Base Management System Design

Abstract: : This document describes the military requirements for secure multilevel data base management systems and briefly outlines an approach being taken to apply advanced technology to construct such secure multilevel systems.

Use of table file structures in a clinical research center

Abstract: PROPHET is an NIH-sponsored biological-chemical information system that incorporates a variety of computer science techniques—time sharing, extensible languages, data management, interactive graphics, graph-matching, molecular model building and statistics—into a user-oriented, user-responsive information handling tool to implement and facilitate drug research. Sponsored by the Chemical/Biological Information Handling Program of the NIH, Division of Research Resources, PROPHET is being designed and developed by the Medical Computer Systems Group of Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (software) in collaboration with First Data Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts (hardware) and a user group of diversified computer experience and research goals.