Showing papers on "Data management published in 1997"

Data on air: organization and access

Abstract: Organizing massive amount of data on wireless communication networks in order to provide fast and low power access to users equipped with palmtops, is a new challenge to the data management and telecommunication communities. Solutions must take under consideration the physical restrictions of low network bandwidth and limited battery life of palmtops. This paper proposes algorithms for multiplexing clustering and nonclustering indexes along with data on wireless networks. The power consumption and the latency for obtaining the required data are considered as the two basic performance criteria for all algorithms. First, this paper describes two algorithms namely, (1, m) indexing and Distributed Indexing, for multiplexing data and its clustering index. Second, an algorithm called Nonclustered Indexing is described for allocating static data and its corresponding nonclustered index. Then, the Nonclustered indexing algorithm is generalized to the case of multiple indexes. Finally, the proposed algorithms are analytically demonstrated to lead to significant improvement of battery life while retaining a low latency.

Building Successful Knowledge Management Projects

Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that developed economies have gradually been transformed over the past fifty years. Scholars and observers from disciplines as disparate as sociology, economics, and management science generally agree that knowledge has been at the center of this change. 1 Knowledge could be defined as information that has been combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection. Given the value of this asset to organizations, it is not surprising that greater attention is being paid to the subject of knowledge: what it is, how it differs from the related concepts of information and data, and how to begin to create, transfer, and use it more effectively. The subject of knowledge management, in particular, has had a recent flowering. 2

Distributed and Parallel Database Systems.

Abstract: The maturation of database management system (DBMS) technology has coincided with significant developments in distributed computing and parallel processing technologies. The end result is the development of distributed database management systems and parallel database management systems that are now the dominant data management tools for highly data-intensive applications. With the emergence of cloud computing, distributed and parallel database systems have started to converge. In this chapter, we present an overview of the distributed DBMS and parallel DBMS technologies, highlight the unique characteristics of each, and indicate the similarities between them. We also discuss the new challenges and emerging solutions.

Data management for mobile computing

Abstract: From the Publisher: The focus of Data Management for Mobile Computing is on the impact of mobile computing on data management beyond the networking level The purpose is to provide a thorough and cohesive overview of recent advances in wireless and mobile data management The book is written with a critical attitude This volume probes the new issues introduced by wireless and mobile access to data and what are both their conceptual and practical consequences Data Management for Mobile Computing provides a single source for researchers and practitioners who want to keep current on the latest innovations in the field It can also serve as a textbook for an advanced course on mobile computing or as a companion text for a variety of courses including courses on distributed systems, database management, transaction management, operating or file systems, information retrieval or dissemination, and web computing

Method and apparatus for rationalizing different data formats in a data management system

Abstract: A record conversion device and method, including a preferably software implemented conversion engine, which receives formatted input records from an input record generating device, converts the records into a different (universal) format in real time and, depending upon the output host device(s), into an output specific format and transmits the converted records to the output host device(s). Messages, i.e., information, from output host device(s) can also be transferred, via the conversion device, to the input record generating devices. By rapidly processing new and/or incompatible record formats, the invention minimizes the cost of maintaining information management systems and maximizes their usage. The conversion device input and output architecture is flexible and the conversion device can be used with multiple (networked or non-networked) input record generating devices and single or multiple record storage devices using multiple record output formats.

Method for managing a plurality of data processes residing in heterogeneous data repositories

Abstract: A Data Management System has a plurality of data managers and is provided with a plurality of data managers in one or more layers of a layered architecture The system performs with a data manager and with a user input via an API a plurality of processs on data residing in heterogeneous data repositories of the computer system including promotion, check-in, check-out, locking, library searching, setting and viewing process results, tracking aggregations, and managing parts, releases and problem fix data under management control of a virtual control reposisitory having one or more physical heterogeneous repositories. The system provides for storing, accessing, tracking data residing in the one or more data repositories managed by the virtual control repository. User Interfaces provide a combination of command line, scripts, GUI, Menu, WebBrowser maps of the user's view to a PFVL paradigm. Configurable Managers include a query control repository for existence of peer managers and provide logic switches to dynamically interact with peers. A control repository layer provides a common process interface across all managers data view maps to a relational table paradigm and maps control repository layer (CRL) calls to sequences of SQL queries. A command translator for a relations data base provides pass through of SQL queries. Table files map SQL Queries into a set of FILE I/O's with appropriate inter I/O processing, and meta data maps SQL Queries into Meta data API calls with appropriate inter I/O processing. PFVL paradigm calls are mapped into DataManager(s)/Control Repository calls.

System and method of generating prognosis and therapy reports for coronary health management

Abstract: A system and method of automatically formulating an alpha-numeric comprehensive management and prognosis report at a centralized data management center for a patient at a remote location is defined comprising: means for converting information regarding the condition of the patient into data; a first telecommunications means for transferring data to the centralized data management center; and processing means at the centralized data management center for receiving the data and for generating the comprehensive management and prognosis report based on analysis of the data. A storage means is also provided at the centralized data management center for maintaining a record of the data received by and transmitted from the centralized data management center in a relational data base format.

STRUDEL: a Web site management system

Abstract: The growth of the World-Wide Web has created a new kind of data management problem: building and maintaining Web sites. Building a Web site involves several tasks, such as choosing what information will be available at the site, organizing that information in individual pages or in graphs of linked pages, and specifying the visual presentation of pages in HTML. Creating and managing large sites is tedious, because a user often must perform these tasks simultaneously when creating HTML pages. The task of building and managing Web sites presents a unique opportunity for applying concepts from database management systems, such as the separation between the logical view of information and its storage and maintenance and the ability to restructure information via queries. Furthermore, recent research results on information integration [Ill1971 and managing semi-structured data [ACM97, Abi97] can play a key role in managing Web sites. The goal of STRUDEL project is to extend and adapt these concepts to the problem of Web-site management. Consider several tasks required of a Web-site manager. Site managers often want to manage a single repository of site data, but present different browsable “views” of the site based on criteria such as the type of user accessing the site, e.g., external or internal, expert or novice. Morever, a manager might want to modify the data repository by editing simple text files or by updating external databases, to reorganize the structure of the pages by manipulating graphs that represent the linked pages, or to design multiple presentations of a single page by editing HTML files or by using a WYSIWYG HTML generator. Currently, such operations on Web sites involve significant effort. The key idea in the STRUDEL system is the separation of the logical view of information available at a Web site, the structure of that information in linked pages, and

Knowledge Management in Inquiring Organizations

Abstract: Churchman had clearly explicated that knowledge does not reside in the collection of information, and had underscored the importance of humans in the process of knowledge creation. Churchman's emphasis on the human nature of knowledge creation seems more pertinent now than it was twenty five years ago given the increasingly 'wicked' environment characterized by discontinuous change (Nadler & Shaw 1995) and "wide range of potential surprise" (Landau & Stout 1979). Such an environment defeats the traditional organizational response of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics. Instead, it demands more anticipatory responses from the organization members who need to carry out the mandate of a faster cycle of knowledge-creation and action based on the new knowledge (Nadler & Shaw 1995).

Data Stores, Data Warehousing, and the Zachman Framework: Managing Enterprise Knowledge

Abstract: From the Publisher: Let the masters show you how to get real knowledge out of your data repository! Does your organization merely collect data? Or do you convert it into something of value. . . into information that is easily accessible in the right form at the right time. . . and,further,into the kind of knowledge that provides an edge in a fast-changing,competitive environment? As companies have awakened to the need for an architected approach to data storage and knowledge management,they've consistently turned to the father of this technology—W. H. Inmon—for the answers. Now Inmon has teamed with John a. Zachman,the highly acclaimed inventor of the warehousing breakthrough known as the Zachman Framework and noted data warehousing practitioner Jonathan G. Geiger to show you how to go from managing data to managing knowledge. Step by step,you'll learn: Why data architecture is crucial; Why approaches of the past have failed; How the Zachman Framework has transformed and enhanced the traditional Data Administration role; How to use the Framework to develop your data warehouse and metadata strategy; How to apply the Framework to use the data warehouse as a stepping stone for attaining an architected systems environment; How to migrate legacy systems; How corporate management can apply the Framework to suupot TQM and reengineering efforts; How to make the transition into knowledge management. ABOUT THE AUTHORS W. H. Inmon is the father of the data warehouse concept and the author of more than 30 books on data management. John a. Zachman is the creator of the Zachman Framework and is a highly sought after speaker and consultant on the subject. Jonathan G. Geiger is anindependent consultantspecializing in data warehouse development. environment; How to apply the Framework to use the data warehou

Method and apparatus for providing an efficient use of telecommunication network resources

Abstract: An attribute design database system provides for inventory management, order process management and design management. The system operates in a telecommunications management network provisioning environment. It provides a physical network management system that includes various telecommunications network management tools. Graphical user interface facilitates the user's navigation of the database system to enable the same person to have access to and the ability to modify information in regards to inventory management, design management and order management for the network.

Portable computer, data management system using the same, and method of producing a map stored with actual photo-image data using the same portable computer and data management system

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable computers capable of facilitating management of actual photo-image in association with each other, thereby remarkably expanding the application range of the actual phot-image data. The portable computer is connectable directly or through a memory medium to the main computer in a fixed base. The portable computer comprises: a digital camera detachably provided for successively taking actual photo-images; position specifying identification data setting means for setting identification data to specify at least one of photographing related positions consisting of a position of an object for photography taken by said digital camera and a position where photography was taken by said digital camera; and actual photo-image data memory means for storing the identification data set by said position specifying identification data setting means in association with actual photo-image data outputted from the digital camera.

Semiconductor storage device utilizing address management tables and table state maps for managing data storage and retrieval

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device connectable to a host information processing apparatus having a flash memory section that stores data in sectors and wherein the flash memory section includes an address management table that stores information about the relation between logical sector numbers for data management in a host information processing apparatus and physical sector numbers for data management in the flash memory section. The flash memory section also includes a table state map that stores information about the physical locations at which the sector number information in the address management tables is stored. The semiconductor storage device also includes a flash memory control circuit for controlling data write and data read processing for the flash memory section. The control circuit refers to the table state map when the host information processing apparatus requests data write or data read to identify the physical location at which the corresponding address relation information is stored and converts the logical sector number received from the host information processing apparatus into a physical sector number based on the value stored at the identified location in the address management tables.

Data-update monitoring in communications network

Abstract: A user I/F unit 200 transmits an instruction given by a user to an access management unit 100 and displays data on a monitor 76. The access management unit 100 transfers requirements to a communication control unit 300 and a data management unit 400 in response to the instruction from the user, transfers data from a communications host to the data management unit 400, and outputs data from a database 410 to the user I/F unit 200. The data management unit 400 writes data into the database 410 and reads storage data from the database 410 in response to the requirement from the access management unit 100. Data transmitted from the communications host are sorted out according to communication services and stored in the database 410. The communication control unit 300 translates the requirement from the access management unit 100 to a menu number representing each communication service available from the communications host or a command and sends the translated requirement to a communication I/F unit 500. This structure enables input data to be sorted out and stored without any overlap.

Knowledge Management: An Emerging Discipline with a Long History

Abstract: This paper places Knowledge Management in an historical perspective, frames some of the key questions and challenges which must be addressed as it rides the waves of management acceptance, and highlights some of the new opportunities within Knowledge Management, as well as covering some of the traditions upon which it rests.

Recording medium with format for preventing unauthorized copying, and reproducing apparatus for same

Abstract: A recording medium conforming with a specific physical format of Digital Video Disc/Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or the like is contrived to achieve superior sound quality in audio data recording and reproduction, common usability of data, and enhanced interchangeability of an apparatus. In this recording medium, identification data signifying the existence of recorded data of a second data format such as Direct Stream Digital Disc (DSD) different from a first data format such as DVD is included in physical format management information recorded in a lead-in area. The data of such second data format is recorded in a data area in conformity with the physical format management information. And second data management information of a Table of Contents (TOC) is recorded at a predetermined position to manage an operation of reproducing the data of the second data format.

Querying multimedia data from multiple repositories by content: the Garlic project

Abstract: We describe Garlic, an object-oriented multimedia middleware query system. Garlic enables existing data management components, such as a relational database or a full text search engine, to be integrated into an extensible information management system that presents a common interface and user access tools. We focus in this paper on how QBIC, an image retrieval system that provides content-based image queries, can be integrated into Garlic. This results in a system in which a single query can combine visual and nonvisual data using type-specific search techniques, enabling a new breed of multimedia applications

Recording medium and reproducing apparatus

Abstract: A recording medium conforming with a specific physical format of DVD or the like is contrived to achieve superior sound quality in audio data recording and reproduction, common usability of data, and enhanced interchangeability of apparatus. In this recording medium, identification data signifying the existence of recorded data of a second data format (DSD) different from a first data format (DVD) is included in physical format management information recorded in a lead-in area. The data of such second data format is recorded in a data area in conformity with the physical format management information. Second data management information (TOC) is recorded at a predetermined position to manage an operation of reproducing the data of the second data format.

Zoo: a desktop experiment management environment

Abstract: Over the last decade, a dramatic increase has been observed in the ability of individual experimental scientists to generate and store data, which has not been matched by an equivalent development of adequate data management tools. In this paper, we present the results of our efforts to develop a Desktop Experiment Management Environment that many experimental scientists would like to have on their desk. The environment is called ZOO and is developed in collaboration with domain scientists from Soil Sciences and Biochemistry. We first describe the overall architecture of ZOO, and then focus on key features of its various components. We specifically emphasize aspects of the object-oriented database server that is at the core of the system, the experimentation manager that initiates the execution of experiments as a result of scientists’ requests, and the mechanisms that the modules of the system use to communicate between them. Finally, we briefly discuss our experiences with the use of the current ZOO prototype in the context of plant-growth simulation experiments and NMR spectroscopy experiments.

Adaptive broadcast protocols to support power conservant retrieval by mobile users

Abstract: Mobile computing has the potential for managing information globally. Data management issues in mobile computing have received some attention in recent times, and the design of adaptive broadcast protocols has been posed as an important problem. Such protocols are employed by database servers to decide on the content of broadcasts dynamically, in response to client mobility and demand patterns. In this paper we design such protocols and also propose efficient retrieval strategies that may be employed by clients to download information from broadcasts. The goal is to design cooperative strategies between server and client to provide access to information in such a way as to minimize energy expenditure by clients. We evaluate the performance of our protocols analytically.

Works-in-progress in an information management system

Abstract: An information management system for managing the concurrent performance of multiple works-in-progress while providing atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability among transactions involved in the works-in-progress. The information management system includes a database for persistently storing a set of data objects and a set of data changes targeted for the data objects. The information management system includes a library that provides a set of methods that enable an activity to persistently store the data changes in the database while maintaining a work-in-progress such that the data changes are concealed from a global view of the database until the work-in-progress is complete.

Object-oriented access control method and system for military and commercial file systems

Abstract: A method and system are provided for controlling a client's access to a protected element, in which the protected element is contained in a protected resource which includes a data manager. The invention provides efficient access control for existing data elements while requiring only minimal changes to existing software components. In response to a request for access to the protected element the data manager sends an authorization checking request to a protecting resource. The protecting resource, which is in a distributed arrangement with the protected resource, determines, based on an access control element which can be associated with one or more protected elements, whether the client has permission to be provided the requested access to the protected element. It then sends an access control message (e.g. YES/NO) to the data manager based on the determination, and optionally send explanatory information if access is denied. Access to the protected element is provided or denied based on that message. The protected element can be a file, a data block within a database, an object, method or object-method in an object-oriented system.

Method and apparatus for accessing patient insurance information

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for data management related to managed service and health care systems and more particularly a managed insurance system which diminishes the associated burdens with insurance companies by putting the essential information on a credit card-like medium that is inexpensively produced by the insurance company and easily scanned into the office, hospital, or respective lab's computer. The device has a visible portion with data and insurance information contained at one or more locations. The card may be coated with a transparent protective laminate material.

Methods and techniques for knowledge management: What has knowledge engineering to offer?

Abstract: Knowledge engineering has been around for more than a decade, and has achieved some results that will be useful for knowledge management. This paper tries to link both areas and show how the latter can benefit from the achievements of the former. First an overview is given of the major ‘assets’ realized by knowledge engineering. Next it is investigated how requirements from knowledge management could be met by reusing modeling results and ontologies. Two case studies are presented to show how both disciplines could work together to improve the knowledge households of museums. The paper concludes with some observations on the future relation between knowledge engineering and knowledge management.

The Social Worker as Manager: A Practical Guide to Success

Abstract: Preface PART ONE. Human Services Management in Perspective Chapter 1 Defining and Describing Management If There Were No Management What Exactly Is Management? The Functions of Management Management as Both a Science and an Art Management Ethics Avoiding Misconceptions about Management The Presence of Management Summary Endnotes Chapter 2 The Context of Human Services Management The Task Environment Comparing Human Service Organizations and Manufacturing Summary Endnotes Chapter 3 Historical Origins of Current Management Theories Scientific Management Administrative Management Bureaucratic Management Common Shortcomings of Classical Management Theories Responses to Classical Management Theories Summary Endnotes PART TWO. The Major Management Functions Chapter 4 Planning What Is Planning? The Planning Menu Types of Planning That Occur Within Human Service Organizations Summary Endnotes Chapter 5 Creating and Managing Staff Diversity Recruitment and Hiring Issues The Staff Menu Creating the Best Mix of Staff Types Managing Diversity in the Workplace Summary Endnotes Chapter 6 Promoting a Productive Work Environment Understanding Individual Motivation Classical Theories of Motivation Other Factors That Affect Job Performance Supporting Staff Growth Summary Endnotes Chapter 7 Staff Performance Evaluations and Personnel Actions Staff Performance Evaluations Promotions and Transfers Managing Staff Members Who Are Not Meeting Job Expectations Termination for Unsatisfactory Work Performance Termination for Misconduct Termination for Job Abandonment Managing the Loss of Other Staff Exit Interviews Summary Endnotes Chapter 8 Organizing Basic Ways of Organizing The Departmentation Menu Combining Two or More Methods of Departmentation Delegation as a Way of Organizing How Much Organizing Is Desirable? Summary Endnotes Chapter 9 Controlling The Elements of Control The Power to Control The Control Menu The Ideal Control Package The Optimum Amount of Control Summary Endnotes Chapter 10 Leading The Elements of Leadership Leadership Tasks at Different Levels Theories of Leadership Other Variables in the Leadership Equation Creating a Favorable Organizational Climate Summary Endnotes PART THREE. Completing the Management Picture Chapter 11 Other Important Management Tasks Financial Management Time Management Change Management Technology Management Management of Staff Turnover Program Evaluation Board management Summary Endnotes Chapter 12 Becoming an Effective Manager Common Sources of Stress Is a Management Career Right for Me? Taking the Job New and Pre-existing Positions Surviving and Succeeding as a Manager Summary Endnotes Index

Opusc A Coordination Language for Multidisciplinary Applications

Abstract: Data parallel languages, such as High Performance Fortran, can be successfully applied to a wide range of numerical applications. However, many advanced scientific and engineering applications are multidisciplinary and heterogeneous in nature, and thus do not fit well into the data parallel paradigm. In this paper we present Opus, a language designed to fill this gap. The central concept of Opus is a mechanism called ShareD Abstractions (SDA). An SDA can be used as a computation server, i.e., a locus of computational activity, or as a data repository for sharing data between asynchronous tasks. SDAs can be internally data parallel, providing support for the integration of data and task parallelism as well as nested task parallelism. They can thus be used to express multidisciplinary applications in a natural and efficient way. In this paper we describe the features of the language through a series of examples and give an overview of the runtime support required to implement these concepts in parallel and distributed environments.

The emerging phenomenon of knowledge management

Abstract: Knowledge management is rapidly developing as a specific and planned management practice to capture and re-use organisational knowledge. This might sound familiar to librarians who think it is what they do now. But the situation is much more complex than the mere combination of some familiar terms might at first indicate. Knowledge management is a form of expertise-centred management which draws out tacit knowledge making it accessible for specific purposes to improve the performance of organisations. Successful application of knowledge management practices involves understanding and constructively utilising organisational learning and the information politics of an organisation. Librarians are one group who have the background and orientation to comprehend the notion of knowledge management. But to be key players, they need to understand its dynamics and difficulties. Readers are challenged to come forward with examples of knowledge management in practice.

Responsibilities for human resource management practices in the modern enterprise

Abstract: Proposes to assess the extent to which line management has responsibility for human resource management (HRM) practices in the enterprise. First, addresses a number of theoretical positions that include “traditional”, “cyclical” and “secular” approaches and that emphasizing “diversity”. Then deploys survey data based on the responses of more than 900 managers in the Institute of Management and located throughout the UK to assess these approaches. Investigates four main areas: employee involvement, training and development, rewards and work practices. Reveals that with the partial exception of rewards, line management is found to be dominant in most areas. However, this pattern is likely to have been historically the case rather than representing a “new wave” or movement associated with the rise of HRM itself.