Deceleration parameter

About: Deceleration parameter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1776 publications have been published within this topic receiving 89440 citations.

Interacting holographic dark energy model and generalized second law of thermodynamics in a non-flat universe

Abstract: In the present paper, we consider the interacting holographic model of dark energy to investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in a non-flat (closed) universe enclosed by the event horizon measured from the sphere of the horizon named L. We show that for L as the system's IR cut-off, the generalized second law is respected for the special range of the deceleration parameter.

Dark energy and cosmological solutions in second-order string gravity

Abstract: We study the cosmological evolution based on a D-dimensional action in low-energy effective string theory in the presence of second-order curvature corrections and a modulus scalar field (a dilaton or compactification modulus). A barotropic perfect fluid coupled to the scalar field is also allowed. Phase space analysis and the stability of asymptotic solutions are performed for a number of models which include (i) a fixed scalar field, (ii) a linear dilaton in the string frame, and (iii) a logarithmic modulus in the Einstein frame. We confront analytical solutions with observational constraints for the deceleration parameter and show that Gauss-Bonnet gravity alone (i.e., with no matter fields) may not explain the current acceleration of the universe. We also study the future evolution of the universe using the Gauss-Bonnet parametrization and find that big rip singularities can be avoided even in the presence of a phantom fluid because of the balance between the fluid and curvature corrections. A non-minimal coupling between the fluid and the modulus field also opens up the interesting possibility of avoiding a big rip regardless of the details of the fluid equation of state.

Consequences on variable Λ-models from distant type Ia supernovae and compact radio sources

Abstract: We study the magnitude-redshift relation for the type?Ia supernovae data and the angular size-redshift relation for the updated compact radio sources data (from Gurvits et?al) by considering four variable ?-models: ?~S-2, ?~H2, ?~? and ?~t-2. It is found that all the variable ?-models, as well as the constant ?-Friedmann model, fit the supernovae data equally well with ?2/dof?1 and require non-zero, positive values of ? and an accelerating expansion of the universe. The estimates of the density parameter for the variable ?-models are found to be higher than those for the constant ?-Friedmann model. From the compact radio sources data, it is found, by assuming the no-evolution hypothesis, that the Gurvits et al model (Friedmann model with ? = 0) is not the best-fitting model for the constant ? case. The best-fitting Friedmann model (with constant ?) is found to be a low-density, vacuum-dominated accelerating universe. The fits of this data set to the (variable, as well as, constant ?-) models are found to be very good with ?2/dof?0.5 and require non-zero, positive values of ? with either sign of the deceleration parameter. However, for realistic values of the matter density parameter, the only interesting solutions are (a) estimated from the supernovae data: the best-fitting solutions for the flat models (including the constant ? case); (b) estimated from the radio sources data: the global best-fitting solutions for the models ?~H2 and ?~?, the best-fitting solution for the flat model with ? = {}constant and the Gurvits et al model. It is noted that, as in the case of recent cosmic microwave background analyses, the data sets seem to favour a spherical universe (k>0).

Roulette inflation with kähler moduli and their axions

Abstract: We study 2-field inflation models based on the 'large-volume' flux compactification of type IIB string theory. The role of the inflaton is played by a Kaehler modulus {tau} corresponding to a 4-cycle volume and its axionic partner {theta}. The freedom associated with the choice of Calabi-Yau manifold and the nonperturbative effects defining the potential V({tau},{theta}) and kinetic parameters of the moduli brings an unavoidable statistical element to theory prior probabilities within the low-energy landscape. The further randomness of ({tau},{theta}) initial conditions allows for a large ensemble of trajectories. Features in the ensemble of histories include 'roulette trajectories', with long-lasting inflations in the direction of the rolling axion, enhanced in the number of e-foldings over those restricted to lie in the {tau}-trough. Asymptotic flatness of the potential makes possible an eternal stochastic self-reproducing inflation. A wide variety of potentials and inflaton trajectories agree with the cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data. In particular, the observed scalar tilt with weak or no running can be achieved in spite of a nearly critical de Sitter deceleration parameter and consequently a low gravity wave power relative to the scalar curvature power.

New types of $f(T)$ gravity

Abstract: Recently f(T) theories based on modifications of teleparallel gravity, where torsion is the geometric object describing gravity instead of curvature, have been proposed to explain the present cosmic accelerating expansion. The field equations are always second order, remarkably simpler than f(R) theories. In analogy to the f(R) theory, we consider here three types of f(T) gravity, and find that all of them can give rise to cosmic acceleration with interesting features, respectively.