scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Decimal

About: Decimal is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2657 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29268 citations. The topic is also known as: base ten & denary.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
J. C. de Man1
01 Mar 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a method for drawing up MPN tables restricted to results with a defined minimal probability and containing 95 and 99% confidence limits calculated on the basis of probability histograms is described.
Abstract: A method is described for drawing up MPN tables restricted to results with a defined minimal probability and containing 95 and 99% confidence limits calculated on the basis of probability histograms. Tables for 3, 5 and 10 tubes, respectively, in three decimal dilutions and also a table for 5 tubes in the first dilution and 1 tube in two decimal dilutions are presented.

287 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Jun 2003
TL;DR: This work introduces a new approach to decimal floating point which not only provides the strict results which are necessary for commercial applications but also meets the constraints and requirements of the IEEE 854 standard.
Abstract: Decimal arithmetic is the norm in human calculations, and human centric applications must use a decimal floating point arithmetic to achieve the same results. Initial benchmarks indicate that some applications spend 50% to 90% of their time in decimal processing, because software decimal arithmetic suffers a 100/spl times/ to 1000/spl times/ performance penalty over hardware. The need for decimal floating point in hardware is urgent. Existing designs, however, either fail to conform to modern standards or are incompatible with the established rules of decimal arithmetic. We introduce a new approach to decimal floating point which not only provides the strict results which are necessary for commercial applications but also meets the constraints and requirements of the IEEE 854 standard. A hardware implementation of this arithmetic is in development, and it is expected that this will significantly accelerate a wide variety of applications.

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined children's efforts to make sense of new mathematics instruction and established the conceptual sources of these errors, and suggested that errors are a natural concomitant of students' attempts to integrate new material that they are taught with already established knowledge.
Abstract: This study examines children's efforts to make sense of new mathematics instruction. The study documents major categories of errors that appear consistently as children learn decimal fractions. It then establishes the conceptual sources of these errors. Whole number errors derive from children's applying rules for interpreting multidigit integers. Fraction errors derive from children's efforts to interpret decimals as fractions. Different curriculum sequences influence the probability that these classes of errors will appear. It is suggested that errors are a natural concomitant of students' attempts to integrate new material that they are taught with already established knowledge. Since errorful rules cannot be avoided in instruction, educators are encouraged to use them as useful diagnostic tools to detect the nature of children's understanding of a mathematics topic.

279 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A robust and efficient system for recognizing typeset and handwritten mathematical notation that allows robust handling of unexpected input, increases the scalability of the system, and provides the groundwork for handling dialects of mathematical notation.
Abstract: We describe a robust and efficient system for recognizing typeset and handwritten mathematical notation. From a list of symbols with bounding boxes the system analyzes an expression in three successive passes. The Layout Pass constructs a Baseline Structure Tree (BST) describing the two-dimensional arrangement of input symbols. Reading order and operator dominance are used to allow efficient recognition of symbol layout even when symbols deviate greatly from their ideal positions. Next, the Lexical Pass produces a Lexed BST from the initial BST by grouping tokens comprised of multiple input symbols; these include decimal numbers, function names, and symbols comprised of nonoverlapping primitives such as "=". The Lexical Pass also labels vertical structures such as fractions and accents. The Lexed BST is translated into L/sup A/T/sub E/X. Additional processing, necessary for producing output for symbolic algebra systems, is carried out in the Expression Analysis Pass. The Lexed BST is translated into an Operator Tree, which describes the order and scope of operations in the input expression. The tree manipulations used in each pass are represented compactly using tree transformations. The compiler-like architecture of the system allows robust handling of unexpected input, increases the scalability of the system, and provides the groundwork for handling dialects of mathematical notation.

258 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Sampling (statistics)
65.3K papers, 1.2M citations
72% related
Statistical hypothesis testing
19.5K papers, 1M citations
68% related
Function (mathematics)
55K papers, 932.7K citations
67% related
Software
130.5K papers, 2M citations
66% related
Polynomial
52.6K papers, 853.1K citations
65% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202386
2022165
202151
202065
201979
201874