Showing papers on "Decoupling capacitor published in 1970"

Active filter capacitor for power supply switching regulators

Abstract: An active filter capacitor circuit for DC voltage regulation in power supply systems with the active capacitor consisting of an amplifier and a transistor output stage driven by the amplifier.

Piezoelectric-driven variable capacitor

Abstract: A piezoelectric-driven variable capacitor for creating a voltage-controlled variable reactance useful at high frequencies and high-power levels is disclosed. A piezoelectric flexure element is used as one of the capacitor plates. Means are provided to compensate for uneven expansion of the piezoelectric flexure element.

Efficient low voltage piezoelectric power supply

Abstract: An electric device for efficient transfer of power from a piezoelectric crystal source to a capacitor. The piezoelectric crystal is coupled to a transformer, the secondary of which is shunted by a series combination of a rectifying device and a storage capacitor, all in such manner that energy is transferred from the piezoelectric crystal, essentially a first capacitance device, to the storage capacitor, a second capacitance device, with a new order of efficiency. In a specific embodiment of the invention the piezoelectric crystal and two capacitances are associated with biasing networks and a transistorized switching circuit and a firing circuit in such manner that the energy transferred into the storage capacitor is utilized to fire a squib.

Epitaxial method for the fabrication of a distributed semiconductor power supply containing a decoupling capacitor

Abstract: A monolithic semiconductor structure and method of making same and in which structure supply voltages are distributed through adjacent P and N type layers to surface regions of the structure. These voltages are available for integrated circuits and other devices which are constructed in the surface regions of the structure. Good capacitive decoupling is provided between the P and N layers used to distribute voltages and a relatively high capacitive reactance at the surface region prevents AC short circuits at high frequencies.

Method of trimming capacitors

Abstract: A method of trimming a capacitor wherein radiant energy is applied to an electrode to adjust the electrode area while an electrical potential is applied across the electrodes of the capacitor to inhibit the formation of electrical shorts.

Optimal Static Capacitor Allocation by Discrete Programming: Development of Theory

Abstract: Shunt static capacitor banks are frequently an economical means of maintaining voltage levels under conditions of heavy load or transformer, line, and generation outages. This paper treats the allocation of capacitor banks as a discrete programming problem in which the objective is to minimize capital outlay for the banks required to control voltages under all anticipated contingencies.

Multi-pulse capacitor discharge ignition system

Abstract: An electric ignition system for an automobile engine includes a capacitor and a SCR in series with the primary winding of a high voltage transfer. The SCR is triggered by means of an AND gate to which a recurrent control signal synchronized with the engine and a voltage derived from the capacitor voltage are applied. During each control signal, a plurality of high voltage pulses are generated by the repeated charge and discharge of the capacitor through the SCR and transformer.

Method for monitoring the capacitance of a capacitor while adjusting its capacitance

Abstract: The capacitance of a planar capacitor, having a common plate separated from two bottom plates by a dielectric material, is monitored with an AC-capacitance bridge while the common plate is trimmed with an abrasive material until the capacitor acquires a desired value of capacitance. An electrostatic charge formed on the common plate by the trimming operation is discharged to ground via a high resistance path so as not to interfere with the monitoring operation. A pair of probes connected to monitoring apparatus and a probe for connecting the high resistance path to the common plate are physically connected to a common support for applying the probes to the capacitor simultaneously.

Apparatus for the smooth switching-on of an electrical load

Abstract: In apparatus for the smooth switching-on of an electrical load a supply line transformer feeds a rectifier having its output connected jointly with a synchronization stage and with a run-up or starting stage. Two such stages are connected to the outputs of the respective rectifiers, each of the stages including capacitor means, resistor means and selectors for varying the capacitor means and the resistor means, the capacitor means of the two stages being connected in series at a connection point for supplying a control voltage. A limiting value switch has its input connected with the limiting value switch and with an electrical load for controlling the voltage supplied to such electrical load.

Arrangement for bumpless transfer of a control system from one mode to another

Abstract: A bumpless transfer process control having three states of operation, namely a digital control state, an analog control state and a manual control state. The control includes an operational amplifier which produces an analog control signal of the process and includes a first and a second feedback capacitor. A switch operates so that the first capacitor is used as storage for the first and third states of operation and the second capacitor is used as an integrator in the second state. In each state of operation the unused capacitor constantly receives a voltage which charges it to a vlaue which enables it to be used abruptly at any time without producing a surge in the amplifier output signal.

Timed induction motor start switch utilizing positive temperature coefficient thermistor and semi-conductor switching device

Abstract: An electronic switch circuit for controlling the start operation of a single phase induction motor of the timed start type in which the start winding is disconnected a controllable time interval after the start cycle is initiated. A symmetrical conductor switching device is used for providing the switching function with the switching device being switched to a low impedance state, effectively connecting the start winding in circuit, when a charging device is charged to a predetermined level. A positive temperature coefficient thermistor is used for varying the voltage supplied to charge a charging capacitor and to vary the time constant of the charging capacitor. A phase shift capacitor connected in series with the charging capacitor causes the charging current of the charging capacitor to lead that of the applied line voltage and permit the switching device to be rendered conductive in a desired time relationship with the voltage supplied to the motor.

Track and hold system

Abstract: A system for enabling a capacitor to track an analog input signal and hold the signal level, on command. The system includes a high speed operation amplifier having first and second independent and selectable pairs of differential inputs. The amplifier output is connected through a pair of diodes connected in inverse parallel to the capacitor. Feedback means couple the capacitor to one pair of inputs in the track mode in a manner such that the high amplifier gain compensates for nonlinearities and offset effects to enable the capacitor to precisely track the input signal. In the hold mode, the other pair of inputs is selected to enable the amplifier to act as a unity gain voltage follower providing an output substantially equal to the capacitor voltage and insufficient to exceed the forward threshold of the diodes.

Photoflash power supply

Abstract: In a photoflash power supply a capacitor is charged to a predetermined voltage from an unregulated voltage source. The capacitor is then discharged to energize a photoflash lamp. A transistor switch is connected between the unregulated voltage source and the capacitor. When the voltage across the capacitor reaches the predetermined value, the transistor switch is completely cut off.

Sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument of keyboard type, a sound level control device comprises a required number of coils and magnets respectively associated with the keys in the keyboard to induce a voltage in response to the key depression speed in one of the coils when a key in the keyboard is depressed, a capacitor connected across each of the coils to be charged by said induced voltage through a diode, a semiconductor switch element having a signal input electrode, a signal output electrode and a control electrode which is connected with one terminal of the capacitor, and a series-connected circuit which includes a first resistor and a normally closed switch interlinked with each key in the keyboard and is connected between said one terminal of the capacitor and the cutting-off potential point. An improvement resides in that the other terminal of the capacitor is connected through a second resistor to a variable voltage source for variably biasing the gate potential by superposing a variable voltage over the charged voltage in said capacitor, and the resistance value of said second resistor is selected to be substantially greater than the resistance value of the first resistor.

Circuit for comparing the capacitance of capacitance elements

Abstract: In a circuit for capacitance measurement, particularly for comparison of capacity values, a principal capacitor and a reference capacitor, each in series with an auxiliary capacitor, are connected between the terminals of an AC source. The principal capacitor and the reference capacitor are each shunted by two voltage limiting rectifier couplings, and a pair of such couplings, belonging to the principal capacitor and the reference capacitor respectively and having opposite directions of conduction, are completed through a common load. Preferably, said rectifier couplings may comprise diode rectifiers, and some or all of them may additionally comprise Zener diodes.

Ground leakage relay circuit

Abstract: A ground leakage relay circuit including a core balance transformer through which pass the supply and return line of the circuit to be protected and having a multi-turn secondary winding. A capacitor is connected to be normally charged from a d.c. source. A normally conducting transistor is connected across the capacitor. When the transformer secondary winding exceeds a preselected level, the transistor is switched "off" to permit a voltage build-up across the capacitor. When the voltage across the capacitor reaches a triggering value, it actuates a relay to open the supply line.

Circuit arrangements for the indication of lamp failure

Abstract: An electric warning system for a pair of parallel-connected lamps includes a warning lamp in series with a thyristor across the system input terminals. A resistor is connected in a first series circuit with the lamps and in a second series circuit with a transistor and a capacitor across the input terminals. The transistor is biased to cut-off by means of second and third resistors in series across the input terminals. The circuit components are arranged so that failure of either lamp turns the transistor ''''on'''' to charge the capacitor. The capacitor voltage is coupled to the thyristor control electrode to trigger the thyristor ''''on'''' when a given capacitor voltage level is achieved. A switch is provided in the circuit so as to remove the input voltage from all of the circuit components except the thyristor and the warning lamp.

Capacitor apparatus including a reference capacitor for controlling the current flow through a capacitance being measured

Abstract: An apparatus for testing an item, such as a capacitor, to determine its capacitance value is described. A timing and reference capacitor is charged at a constant rate from a constant current source. The test capacitor charges at a related rate through a source follower transistor circuit which includes a current meter. The timing and reference, and the test capacitors are both discharged by a unijunction transistor when a predetermined potential level is reached. Thereafter, the charging cycle reoccurs.

Direct current power control system

Abstract: Plural main thyristors are connected in parallel between a dc source and a load and successively fired to electrically interconnect them. A pulse generator including a capacitor charged from the source and a thyristor for inverting a charge on the capacitor is connected across the main thyristors through individual distribution thyristors fired at predetermined time intervals to supply a discharge current from the capacitor to the associated main thyristors to render them nonconducting. After each discharge, the capacitor is again charged from the source and inverted in polarity. The power supply to the load is controlled by varying the starting times of the main thyristors.

Circuit for operating polyphase induction motors from single phase supply

Abstract: A circuit for providing the phased currents necessary for starting and operating polyphase motors from a single phase voltage supply. Out of phase currents are obtained by connecting a capacitor to one or more of the motor windings. Upon the motors'' reaching nearly full speed, a potential voltage relay operates to remove the capacitor from the motor circuit. Chatter of the potential voltage relay is avoided by inclusion in the circuit of a series resistor which is selectively shorted by a further relay connected in parallel with the starting capacitor.

Electric exposure control device

Abstract: In the exposure control device disclosed, a photo-sensitive element varies its resistance in response to the ambient light, and forms a voltage divider with a logarithmic compression diode. A capacitor senses the voltage across the diode and stores that voltage. A differential amplifier senses the stored voltage and varies the current through a transistor. The latter controls the current through a second compression diode, identical with the first, and connected across the other input of the differential amplifier so that the voltage across the other input equals the capacitor voltage. The transistor current then equals the current through the photo-sensitive elements. A network uses this current value to charge a control capacitor when a camera shutter is opened. Charging takes place at a rate determined by the photosensitive element. A shutter actuator senses when the charge across the control capacitor reaches a given level, and closes the shutter.

Improvements in and relating to ignition devices for internal combustion engines

Abstract: 1,268,290. Ignition systems. NIPPONDENSO K.K. Oct. 10, 1970, No.48245/70. Heading F1B. An ignition system for an internal-combustion engine comprises a capacitor 13 arranged to be charged by a D. C. converter 12 and to be discharged at the instant of ignition by way of a switching element 19 and by way of the primary winding 17a of an ignition coil 17, the secondary winding 17b of which is adapted to be connected to at least one sparking plug 18. The capacitor has a discharging circuit which includes a second capacitor 15 which is connected in series with the primary winding of the ignition coil and the switching element. A saturation choke 16 is arranged to by-pass the second capacitor and the primary winding so that the electrical energy of the second capacitor is discharged by way of the primary winding in the opposite direction to the direction of discharge of the first capacitor 13. In a modification, the transformer 17 has a two part primary winding instead of employing a switch 20a the system may be controlled by a magnetic pulse generator.

Power conversion means

Abstract: The invention is for a system for frequency conversion of large magnitudes of electrical or mechanical power, or of electrical into mechanical power, or of mechanical into electrical power. Power levels of the order of many horsepower are connected to lower or higher frequencies by impact coupling of high-power sonic transducers.

Variable direct voltage memory circuit

Abstract: A variable direct-voltage memory circuit comprises a storage capacitor which can be connected in parallel by a switch with a reference capacitor having an extremely long time constant. When the switch is open, the difference in voltage between these two capacitors can be determined and used to control a shunt current regulator to regulate the flow of current to the storage capacitor.

Integrated circuit with buried decoupling capacitor

Abstract: An integrated circuit and process for making it wherein a decoupling capacitor is provided beneath devices in the surface of the integrated circuit by the formation of a first epitaxial layer between an N substrate having a P zone diffused therein and an N device-containing epitaxial layer. A P channel diffusion to the P zone formed in the substrate will serve as a damping resistor in combination with the coupling capacitor. The process for forming such a decoupling capacitor in an integrated circuit comprises, inter alia, diffusing P impurities into the substrate to form a large junction which will subsequently function as a decoupling capacitor. A first intrinsic, P or N epitaxial layer is then grown on the semiconductor substrate. Subsequently, an N epitaxial layer is grown on the first epitaxial layer. A P channel is then driven through the N epitaxial layer and the first epitaxial layer to contact the P diffused zone which serves as the decoupling capacitor. This P channel diffusion will serve as a damping resistor in combination with the decoupling capacitor. Device diffusion, i.e., transistors, resistors, etc., will take place into the N epitaxial layer, and during growth of the epitaxial layers the P zone will significantly outdiffuse into the first epitaxial layer. Appropriate channels, isolations and contacts are also provided.

Anti-skid control system utilizing a pump circuit for producing a voltage dependent on frequency

Abstract: An antiskid control system utilizing a pump circuit for producing a voltage dependent on the frequency of an AC input has a first capacitor across which the output voltage of the circuit is developed and a second capacitor connected to the input terminals of the circuit. Usually in arrangements of this kind the first capacitor receives one pulse for each cycle of the input, but in accordance with the invention two transistors are arranged coupling the capacitors so that the first capacitor receives two charging pulses per cycle.

Inverter commutation voltage limiter

Abstract: A voltage-limiting circuit to limit the voltage accumulated on a capacitor. The capacitor is connected serially with a controllable switching device such as a controlled rectifier and an alternating-current source, and energy is transferred from the capacitor through the controlled rectifier to the alternating current source to limit the voltage across the capacitor by gating the controlled rectifier at predetermined times. This voltage limitation system can be used to limit the voltages on commuting capacitors in inverter arrangements which include controlled rectifiers and in this application is useful to ensure against the application of excessive voltages to inverter controlled rectifiers.

High-voltage electrolytic capacitor

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor suitable for operating at high voltages is produced by combining a glycol-borate electrolyte together with N-methyl pyrrolidone and a moderately hydrogenbonding solvent. The electrolytic capacitor has a wide range of temperature conditions, operates at high voltages and retains stable electrical characteristics at these levels.

Spark-discharge apparatus for electrohydraulic crushing

Abstract: In existing apparatus of the above kind, a capacitor is discharged through the liquid-immersed gap via a self-triggered or externally triggered switch device. In the present invention an initially uncharged capacitor is connected directly across the gap without any intervening switch device. This first capacitor is pulse-charged to the breakdown voltage of the gap via a step-up pulse transformer by discharging a second capacitor via a triggered switch device through the primary winding thereof. The two capacitors are approximately matched in value, as reflected by the transformer ratio, so that substantially all the energy stored in the second capacitor is transferred to the first capacitor at peak voltage thereon. A principal advantage is that the triggered switch device, eg a thyratron, does not require either to withstand the high gap voltage or to carry the high gap current.

Supervisory device for rectifier having semiconductor valve-type components

Abstract: A thermal replica has an RC component having a variable resistance and a capacitor connected to the resistance. The variable resistance is dependent upon the operating frequency of a rectifier having semiconductor valve-type components to an extent that the median value of the resistance increases with decreasing operating frequency when the variable resistance is connected in parallel with the capacitor and decreases with decreasing operating frequency when the variable resistance is connected in series with the capacitor. A current proportional to the current supplied to the rectifier is supplied to the thermal replica. A signal generator coupled to the capacitor responds when the voltage of the capacitor reaches a specific critical level.