Showing papers on "Decoupling capacitor published in 1977"

Capacitance-to-voltage transformation circuit

Abstract: A capacitance-to-voltage transformation circuit for providing an output voltage proportional to capacitive variations includes a variable capacitor, a reference voltage source, and circuit means for charging the variable capacitor to the reference potential. A switch means alternately connects the variable capacitor to the charging means and to ground at a cyclical rate determined by an oscillator clock. An impedance means coupled between the charging and switch means, develops a voltage drop thereacross of a magnitude directly proportional to capacitance variations of the variable capacitor. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the circuit includes a compensating means for nullifying any fixed capacitance component of the variable capacitor.

High performance integrated circuit semiconductor package and method of making

Abstract: A high performance package for integrated circuit semiconductor devices in which decoupling capacitors are provided in close proximity to the integrated circuit devices for reducing voltage variations in the power driver lines, and/or a ground plate overlying the stripe metallurgy on the surface of the substrate for reducing cross-talk between signal lines. The decoupling capacitors are each comprised of a conductive layer on the inside of a via hole, a concentric dielectric layer on the conductive layer, and an electrically conductive plug in physical contact with the dielectric layer that is associated with the driver line circuitry of the package.

Charge-transfer voltage converter

Abstract: A charge-transfer voltage converter transforms a high voltage to a lower value without the use of a conventional transformer. Two capacitors are connected together to form an electrical circuit. The circuit is then broken in one place and a switch is inserted to form a continuous circuit. One of the two capacitors is charged to a high voltage. The switch is turned on and off rapidly and this transfers a charge from the charged capacitor to one which was initially uncharged. By controlling the duty cycle and/or repetition rate of the switch between the two capacitors, the output voltage of the capacitor which was initially uncharged can be maintained between the limits of zero volts and the value to which the supplying capacitor was initially charged. Thus, voltage transformation has been achieved without the use of a conventional transformer.

Capacitor ignition system for internal-combustion engines

Abstract: A capacitor ignition system for an internal-combustion engine of the type which basically includes a direct voltage converter and, having a control circuit coupled therewith for cyclically charging a storage capacitor, a switch-through circuit for discharging the capacitor in dependence on the firing order and a firing circuit to which the discharge voltage is fed for generating the ignition voltage for the spark plugs, wherein: a first storage capacitor essentially for storing the firing energy required to ionize the ignition spark path and a second storage capacitor essentially for storing the firing energy required to assure a period of dwell for the ignition spark are connected to the output of the direct voltage converter for charging by same and discharging via the switch-through circuit; the control circuit regulates the operation of the direct voltage converter, and includes a series-RC circuit for delaying the switching on of the direct votage converter for a period of time after the capacitors are discharged and the circuit components for charging the capacitors are dimensioned so that the frequency of charging is independent of the ignition order frequency of the breaker points of the firing circuit.

Circuit for energizing a fuel injector valve coil

Abstract: A circuit for energizing a fuel injector valve coil in response to a fuel injection pulse including a storage capacitor which is charged from a relatively high voltage source and which is discharged through the fuel injector valve coil through a controlled rectifier gated conductive upon the initiation of a fuel injection pulse signal. The charging circuit for the capacitor is disabled upon initiation of capacitor discharge for a time period at least greater than the time for the capacitor discharge current to decrease to a value to effect commutation of the controlled rectifier after which capacitor charging is reinitiated. A holding circuit is provided for holding the fuel injector valve coil energized for the duration of the fuel injection pulse signal.

Ignition system with idle speed governor apparatus

Abstract: An alternator driven capacitive discharge ignition system includes a tachometer circuit monitoring the speed-dependent repetition rate of discharge at an internal trigger power supply, the tachometer circuit causing the triggering threshold bias to be reduced below idle speed to electronically advance the timing. The ignition circuit includes a triggering threshold bias capacitor in series the trigger pulse source and a trigger power supply having a pilot capacitor to alternately fire a pair of ignition silicon controlled rectifiers. The pilot capacitor is charged in series with an RC filter network of a "bucket" tachometer circuit to create a speed signal voltage proportional to engine speed with the pilot capacitor functioning as the bucket capacitor. The speed signal is a voltage which is positive relative to a common signal ground while the threshold bias capacitor voltage is negative relative to such signal ground. The speed signal is applied to the gate of a P-channel depletion-mode junction field-effect transistor (JFET). The source-to-drain channel of the transistor is connected in parallel with the threshold bias capacitor. Below a selected idle speed, the source-to-drain channel resistance provides a maximum bleed current to the threshold bias capacitor, thereby reducing the triggering threshold voltage and creating an automatic spark advance. As the engine speeds up, the source-to-drain resistance increases and virtually eliminate the bleed current at speeds slightly above idle.

Charge pumping device with integrated regulating capacitor and method for making same

Abstract: An improved charge pumping device is disclosed for charge storage memory elements and substrate bias control. By selectively ion-implanting the substrate of the charge pump, its output current is substantially increased and its losses by charge dissipation are reduced. Charge pumps are used to charge a substrate-series capacitor combination to a desired bias point. In the substrate bias application, by integrating the series capacitor with the charge pump on the semiconductor chip and making the capacitor an integral part of a low resistance conductive blanket implant, the voltage regulation of the biasing circuit is improved.

Drive circuit for solenoid pump

Abstract: A drive circuit for a solenoid pump comprises a series combination of a pump solenoid and a capacitor connected through a rectifier circuit with an a.c. source. The solenoid is shunted by another rectifier poled to pass a charging current to the capacitor. A thyristor is connected across the series combination, and is triggered into conduction, whereupon it short-circuits the series combination to permit a discharge of the capacitor through the solenoid and to prevent a current flow from the source to the capacitor, thus allowing a uniform control of the energy discharged by the capacitor. A trigger circuit for the thyristor comprises a relaxation oscillator including a programmable unijunction transistor, the conduction of which is controlled inversely to fluctuations in the source voltage.

Electric fence controllers

Abstract: An electric fence controller having a capacitor which can be charged to a predetermined voltage A timer which discharges the capacitor at fixed intervals of time and a transformer, the primary of which is connected across the capacitor and the secondary of which is connected to a load and to an impedance connected to the primary or secondary of the transformer The impedance when measured at the operating voltage from the secondary terminals of the transformer is less than the normal fence line impedance

Photo coupling line isolation circuit

Abstract: The circuit includes a signal input circuit having a light emitting diode that is optically coupled to a phototransistor in a signal output circuit comprising a noise suppression circuit and a Schmitt trigger circuit. The noise suppression circuit comprises a switch portion including a transistor switch and a timing portion including a capacitor. The transistor switch is connected in parallel with the capacitor, and in the quiescent condition of the line isolation circuit, the transistor switch is turned on so as to maintain the capacitor in a discharged condition. When the light emitting diode is illuminated by an input signal exceeding a particular threshold, the phototransistor is turned on, causing the transistor switch to turn off. The charging of the capacitor thereupon commences. The Schmitt trigger circuit is connected to the output of the noise suppression circuit, and if the signal is of sufficient amplitude and duration, the charge on the capacitor reaches the level necessary to operate the Schmitt trigger circuit. Otherwise, the capacitor is discharged by the turning on of the transistor switch responsive to the turning off of the phototransistor.

Chip capacitor device

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a capacitor device and method of forming same, and more particularly to a monolithic ceramic capacitor incorporating an improved conductive termination arrangement providing a compliant connector for mechanically and electrically connecting the capacitor to a substrate, said termination arrangement providing increased resistance to damage to the capacitor as a result of differential coefficient of expansion between the capacitor and the substrate on which it is mounted.

Communication circuit having precision capacitor multiplier

Abstract: A precision capacitor multiplier connected in a communication circuit for balancing transmission facility impedances. The circuit requires only a single precision capacitor, and utilizes a plurality of precision resistors selectable to cause the circuit to exhibit one of a plurality of precision capacitance values.

Induction heating apparatus with load detecting and control circuit

Abstract: The induction heating apparatus comprises a DC source, a series oscillation circuit including a heating coil and a capacitor connected across the DC source, a diode having an opposite polarity with respect to the polarity of the DC source and connected in parallel with the capacitor and a transistor having a collector-emitter path connected in parallel with the capacitor. The conduction state of the transistor is controlled by a control circuit responsive to the output of a current detector which detects the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through the heating coil.

Cruise control method and apparatus

Abstract: A cruise control system having means to provide a signal corresponding to a desired speed for use by a servo control to regulate the speed. This system uses a current source to ramp charge a first capacitor. A comparator compares magnitude of the voltage on the first capacitor against the signal representative of the desired speed. A first counter is used to accumulate counts from a first frequency generator. A latch counter capable of following the counts in the first counter is used to store the counts when the comparator indicates the voltage on the first capacitor is substantially equal to the magnitude of the signal representative of the speed. A digital comparator then compares the counts stored in the latch counter against counts being accumulated anew in the first counter while the first capacitor is being recharged. Means are provided to inhibit the first capacitor from being charged further after the digital comparator indicates equality between the quantity of the counts being compared. Means to transfer the voltage on the first capacitor to a second capacitor are used so that the voltage on the second capacitor can be compared against the signal representative of the actual speed which then provides an output to the servo control to regulate the speed.

Performance calculations on the two-speed shunted capacitor motor

Abstract: Equations are developed in this paper for predicting the performance of a shunted capacitor motor, that is, a capacitor motor in which the main and auxiliary windings are connected in series and the capacitor is shunted across the auxiliary, or the main, winding. As such a connection has often been used for a two-speed motor, performance equations for the high-speed connection are included. Speed-torque curves for a representative motor were calculated, using these equations, and plotted for purposes of illustration.

Pulse peak detector

Abstract: A pulse peak detector for producing a D.C. voltage level corresponding to the peak amplitude of an input signal. A differential comparator is utilized to compare the input signal to the output level, and to activate a control circuit when the peak amplitude of such input signal exceeds the output voltage. The control circuit includes a current source which operates for a predetermined resettable time interval to provide a charging current path for a storage capacitor. An emitter follower is disposed between the storage capacitor and the system output to isolate the capacitor from any output loading. For short-duration repetitive input pulses, for example, 10 nanoseconds or less, a latch circuit insures activation of the timing circuit.

Reading capacitor memories with a variable voltage ramp

Abstract: An improved method for reading metal dual insulator semiconductor capacitor memories is disclosed. The memory contains a plurality of capacitor cells, each cell comprising a semiconductor substrate layer and a high conductivity layer sandwiching two insulator layers. The substrate is doped to provide avalanche breakdown in a surface depletion layer at a voltage comparable to the write voltage in the accumulation direction. According to the invention, a small variable voltage is applied across a selected cell or cells. The range of voltage includes a "flat-band" portion of the hysteresis loop describing the voltage-capacitance relationship for the capacitor memory. The unselected cells are maintained in a depletion state in which their capacitance is a minimum. A change or the absence of a change in the current through the capacitor indicates the state of the capacitor cell.

Operational amplifier decoupling circuit

Abstract: A sample and hold circuit is disclosed which employs a matched pair of operational amplifiers as a decoupling circuit to isolate the output of the sample and hold circuit from the sampling capacitor. Prior art decoupling circuits employ a simple isolation amplifier which has a tendency to charge the sampling capacitor with the isolation amplifier input bias and leakage currents. The disclosed decoupling circuit employs one of a pair of matched operational amplifiers as a compensation circuit to dynamically generate the bias and leakage currents found at the input of the other operational amplifier, which is employed as the sample and hold isolation amplifier. Thus, the net quiescent current into the input of the decoupling circuit is zero, thereby eliminating the capacitor charging problem of prior art isolation amplifiers.

Capacitor protective device

Abstract: The invention relates to an indicator and/or interrupter circuit for an electrical capacitor. On the build-up of internal pressure in the capacitor a switch is caused to operate to open a set of contacts which thereby energizes an indicating lamp to provide a visual indication of a failed or over-pressure condition in the capacitor. The opening of the switch may also cause an interruption of current flow through a holding coil and this current interruption causes a circuit interrupter to operate mechanically and thereby remove the capacitor from its circuit.

Multivibrator for temperature detection

Abstract: PURPOSE:To linearly change the outputs of multivibrators by connecting a fixed capacitor of temperature characteristics differing from those of a variable capacitor provided in a time constant circuit to the abovementioned circuit.

Series capacitor system with force firing of protective bypass device

Abstract: In a series capacitor transmission system the protective bypass device has a force firing arrangement responsive to an applied signal for causing the series capacitor bank to be bypassed rapidly, such as within three cycles, for reducing subsynchronous oscillation effects on generating equipment connected with the transmission system. A capacitive potential device supplies power to energize a firing control circuit with a pulse transformer placing high frequency or pulse voltage across the protective device for rapid bypassing. The bypass device may be a protective spark gap as is normally present for protection of the capacitor bank against overvoltages.

High voltage high current cable terminal with dual grading capacitor stack

Abstract: A high voltage terminal or connection to a high voltage conductor includes internal and external grading capacitor stacks which form a closed dielectric filled chamber. All of the foregoing provides uniform voltage distributions between various interfaces.

Flash light discharge device

Abstract: In a flash light discharge device including a strobo tube attached to a camera body, both the positive and negative outputs of a blocking oscillator are made use of. One output is used for charging a main capacitor for making the strobo tube discharged, and the other output is used for energizing an indicator or indicators. Both the outputs may be used for charging the main capacitor to accelerate the charging of the capacitor. The indicator energized by the output of the blocking oscillator while the main capacitor is charged may be an indicator which indicates by intermittent lighting that the main capacitor is being charged.

HV test probe with constant lamp voltage - using overvoltage shunt mounted on integral circuit board, and rod shaped pickup electrode and capacitor

Abstract: A high voltage tester with a rod-shaped pick-up electrode (1) and a capacitor (4) with a series connected test light source (3) is designed to operate permanently with an exactly predefined operating voltage so as to guarantee adequate illumination intensity. An overvoltage shunt (5) is connected in series with the probe, light source, and capacitor, and is placed between the probe and light source. Another arrangement has the shunt and light source connected in series diagonally across a bridge diode circuit (13) connected between the probe and capacitor. The light source may consist of a discharge lamp mounted with the shunt on a circuit board in a housing fixed to the electrode.

Circuit for converting from analog signal into digital signal and vice versa by using insulated gate field effect transistors

Abstract: A signal converting circuit for converting an analog signal to a digital signal, or vice versa, comprises a sampling capacitor which is charged to an input signal level during the period of a sampling pulse. A reference capacitor grounded at one end receives charges from the sampling capacitor in response to a first clock pulse. A predetermined reference potential is impressed on a terminal of the sampling capacitor at the time of the sampling pulse and a ground potential at the time the sampling pulse is not present. The reference capacitor is charged in response to the first clock pulse, and is discharged in response to a second clock pulse which alternates with the first clock pulse. The presence of a potential at the sampling capacitor less than the predetermined reference potential is detected, and the cycles of discharging of the reference capacitor that occur until the potential at the sampling capacitor is less than the reference potential are counted. Analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion is achieved by counting the number of discharges of the reference capacitor charged from the sampling capacitor. Digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion is carried out in the circuit when the sampling capacitor is charged to the predetermined potential of the sampling capacitor at the time a digital signal is taken out.

Television S-correction circuit with improved linearity

Abstract: A television kinescope deflection circuit having improved linearity includes a deflection winding coupled in series with a first capacitor. A deflection switch and retrace capacitor are coupled across the serial combination of the deflection winding and first capacitor. The first capacitor responds to the deflection current to form a linearizing signal which modifies the flow of deflection current to provide S-correction. The linearity correction is improved by a series-resonant circuit coupled in parallel with the first capacitor and tuned to the second harmonic of the deflection frequency.

Push pull DC voltage converter - has energy recovery circuit and controller to increase keying ratio for low output

Abstract: A push-pull dc voltage converter has an energy recovery circuit with an inductance (L1) in the transformer (Tr) positive supply wire (+) and with a second inductance L2) tightly coupled with the first. One terminal of the second inductance is connected to the negative supply wire (-), and the other through a diode (D) in the forward direction, to the input terminal of the positive supply wire. A capacitor (C) is inserted between the two input terminals. A control circuit operates a control unit so that they keying ratio is increased when the output voltage falls, and vice-versa.

D.C. Electrical circuit means

Abstract: In electrical circuit means having a load, an SCR pulse controller in series with the load and including a commutation capacitor, a transmission line connected to the load and pulse controller to supply the load from a D.C. source, and, a reservoir capacitor shunting the transmission line, the provision of control means which during interpulse periods of the controller by repeatedly discharging the reservoir capacitor limit the voltage to which the reservoir capacitor charges above the voltage of the source.

Spark ignition circuits

Abstract: A spark ignition circuit comprising a first capacitor arranged to be charged from a mains power supply through rectifying means and discharged through the primary of a transformer to produce sparking across a spark gap in the secondary circuit of the transformer in response to the operation of a triggerable switching means under the control of a timing circuit connected across the first capacitor and including a second capacitor, the charge voltage of which when it exceeds a predetermined level causes an arc discharge device to break down and the triggerable switching means to be triggered. When the triggerable switching device conducts, the first capacitor will be discharged. The circuit will continue to produce sparks at a rate determined by the timing circuit until such time as gas in the vicinity of a spark gap is ignited. Flame sensing and re-ignition facilities may also be provided. Examples of suitable arc-discharge devices are also disclosed.

Optimum shunt capacitor group fusing

Abstract: This investigation examines the optimum selection of group fuses for shunt capacitor banks used for power factor correction on electric utility systems. The optimization is based on choosing fuse links which are as small as possible in order to minimize the probability of case rupture in event of capacitor failure, yet which are large enough to avoid nuisance melting. Increasing emphasis on safety and protection of the environment against spilled PCB's suggest the use of a more appropriate fusing practice than a constant fusing factor or set of fusing factors. The study is based on an examination of the duty to the fuse link and an examination of the capability of fuses. Criteria for application are suggested and tables are developed for NEMA standard K & T fuse links for group fusing of shunt banks.