Topic
Deflection (engineering)
About: Deflection (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 30862 publications have been published within this topic receiving 298849 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a modified version of the Newton-Raphson method is proposed to overcome limit points in the finite element method with a fixed load level and a constraint equation.
1,581 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculated the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end by considering all possible vibration modes of the cantilevers and showed that if the end is supported by a hard surface, no thermal fluctuations of the deflection are possible.
Abstract: Thermal fluctuations of the cantilever are a fundamental source of noise in atomic force microscopy. We calculated thermal noise using the equipartition theorem and considering all possible vibration modes of the cantilever. The measurable amplitude of thermal noise depends on the temperature, the spring constant K of the cantilever and on the method by which the cantilever deflection is detected. If the deflection is measured directly, e.g. with an interferometer or a scanning tunneling microscope, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end can be calculated from square root kT/K. If the end of the cantilever is supported by a hard surface no thermal fluctuations of the deflection are possible. If the optical lever technique is applied to measure the deflection, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end is square root 4kT/3K. When the cantilever is supported thermal noise decreases to square root kT/3K, but it does not vanish.
1,535 citations
1,397 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fracture mechanics approach has been used to predict fracture toughness increases due to crack deflection around second phase particles, based on a determination of the initial tilt and the maximum twist of the crack front between particles.
1,287 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the competition between deflection and penetration when the materials on either side of the interface are elastic and isotropic and determined the range of interface toughness relative to bulk material toughness which ensures that cracks will be deflected into the interface.
1,195 citations