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Deflection (engineering)

About: Deflection (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 30862 publications have been published within this topic receiving 298849 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient Bayesian back-analysis procedure for braced excavations using wall deflection data at multiple points is presented, which improves the updating efficiency of the soil parameters without adding monitoring effort.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, general analytical expressions relating tip deflection, blocking force, and equivalent moment with an applied electric field and temperature change are derived for a cantilevered RAINBOW actuator.
Abstract: A piezoelectric/electrostrictive RAINBOW actuator is a monolithic bending device consisting of an electromechanically active layer and a reduced passive layer formed in a high-temperature reduction treatment. When the piezoelectric or electrostrictive layer is driven under an electric field or when the environmental temperature changes, bending deflection is produced because of the constraint of the reduced inactive layer or because of the thermal expansion coefficient difference of the two layers. In this study, general analytical expressions relating tip deflection, blocking force, and equivalent moment with an applied electric field and temperature change are derived for a cantilevered RAINBOW actuator. It is shown that optimal actuator performance can be achieved in the RAINBOW actuator by choosing a suitable thickness ratio of the reduced layer to the PZT layer. A series of RAINBOW cantilever actuators have been experimentally prepared from high-density, soft, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. Different reduction layer thickness is obtained by adjusting the processing parameters, such as reduction temperature and time. The measured results on tip deflection and blocking force agree well with theoretical prediction under a weak electric field. However, when a high driving electric field is used, deviation is observed, which can be attributed to a nonlinear piezoelectric response and a nonlinear elastic behavior associated with soft PZT materials under high driving electric fields.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method of iteration analogous to Stodola's method for beams is presented for the determination of the mode shapes and frequencies of free vibration of composite axisymmetric structures consisting of or tho tropic heterogeneous shells of revolution and elastic rings.
Abstract: A method of iteration, analogous to Stodola's method for beams, is presented for the determination of the mode shapes and frequencies of free vibration of composite axisymmetric structures consisting of or tho tropic heterogeneous shells of revolution and elastic rings. Numerical results are presented for 1) a spherical shell previously studied analytically (using Legendre functions) and also by means of a competitive numerical method; 2) a conical shell previously studied analytically (using the Galerkin technique) and also experimentally; and 3) a complete entry vehicle modeled as a continuous layered shell-ring-rigid mass structure, for which no previous results exist. In the case of the first example it is shown that what were previously reported to be the first three modes of axisymmetric vibration are, in reality, the first, second, and fourth modes. The missing third mode, which is presented in this paper, has, unexpectedly, no interior nodes of normal deflection. The second example serves to confirm and sharpen the qualitative result that edge constraint of circumferential deflection, in contrast to edge constraint of normal deflection, suppresses the tendency for vibration modes with a small number of circumferential waves to be essentially inextensional in the shell interior, thereby causing a large increase in frequency. At the same time it illustrates the deficiencies of the Donnell-type assumptions made in the Galerkin analysis for predicting frequencies of modes with a small number of circumferential waves.

74 citations

01 Feb 1976

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a three layered beam with glass skins and a polymeric core is applied as a model structure to evaluate the mechanical properties of polymeric encapsulant polymeric layers.

74 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202247
20211,006
20201,140
20191,262
20181,195
20171,215