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Deflection (engineering)

About: Deflection (engineering) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 30862 publications have been published within this topic receiving 298849 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reinforcement ratio on cracking, deflection, ultimate capacities, and modes of failure were investigated for concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) and conventional steel reinforcement.
Abstract: Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) reinforcing bars are being used as an alterntative to steel reinforcement to overcome the corrosion problem in bridge decks, parking garages, water and wastewater treatment facilities, marine structures, and chemical plants. This paper presents test results of concrete beams reinforced with FRP and conventional steel reinforcement. The beams were tested under static loading to investigate the effects of reinforcement ratio on cracking, deflection, ultimate capacities, and modes of failure. Based on this investigation, theoretical correlations for the prediction of crack width, maximum deflection, and ultimate load-carrying capacity are proposed.

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the linear dynamic response of a simply supported uniform beam under a moving load of constant magnitude and velocity by including the effect of its mass was analyzed using a series solution for the dynamic deflection in terms of normal modes.

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a crack deflection model based on a cohesive zone model incorporating both strength and toughness parameters was proposed. Under appropriate limiting conditions, this model reproduces earlier results that were based on either strength or energy considerations alone, but the general model reveals a number of interesting results.
Abstract: In order to design composites and laminated materials, it is necessary to understand the issues that govern crack deflection and crack penetration at interfaces. Historically, models of crack deflection have been developed using either a strength-based or an energy-based fracture criterion. However, in general, crack propagation depends on both strength and toughness. Therefore, in this paper, crack deflection has been studied using a cohesive-zone model which incorporates both strength and toughness parameters simultaneously. Under appropriate limiting conditions, this model reproduces earlier results that were based on either strength or energy considerations alone. However, the general model reveals a number of interesting results. Of particular note is the apparent absence of any lower bound for the ratio of the substrate to interface toughness to guarantee crack penetration. It appears that, no matter how tough an interface is, crack deflection can always be induced if the strength of the interface is low enough compared to the strength of the substrate. This may be of significance for biological applications where brittle organic matrices can be bonded by relatively tough organic layers. Conversely, it appears that there is a lower bound for the ratio of the substrate strength to interfacial strength, below which penetration is guaranteed no matter how brittle the interface. Finally, it is noted that the effect of modulus mismatch on crack deflection is very sensitive to the mixed-mode failure criterion for the interface, particularly if the cracked layer is much stiffer than the substrate.

150 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the fabrication of a silicon cantilever beam with an integrated piezoresistor for sensing its deflection and an image of a grating was obtained with this technique.
Abstract: An atomic force microscope (AFM) is an instrument which measures the topography of a surface by bringing a cantilever beam into contact with a sample and measuring the deflection of the cantilever as it is scanned across the surface. The complexity of an AFM is predominantly governed by the detector used for measuring the deflection of the cantilever probe. The authors describe the fabrication of a silicon cantilever beam with an integrated piezoresistor for sensing its deflection. A silicon-on-insulator material is used for the fabrication. A p-type resistor is fabricated at the surface of the cantilever along a direction so that the piezoresistive effect of silicon causes its resistance to vary linearly with its deflection. The cantilevers considered typically have spring constants from 1 to 10 N/m and minimum detectable deflections from 1 to 10 AA over a 10-Hz-1-kHz frequency range. The cantilevers were successfully used in an AFM, and an image of a grating was obtained with this technique. >

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the radiation of sound from a baffled, rectangular plate with edges elastically restrained against deflection and rotation is analyzed, based on a variational method for the vibration of the plate, and assuming no fluid loading of the structure.
Abstract: The radiation of sound from a baffled, rectangular plate with edges elastically restrained against deflection and rotation is analyzed. The elastic constants along the contour can be varied to reproduce simply supported, clamped, free, or guided edges as limiting cases. The formulation is based on a variational method for the vibration of the plate, and assumes no fluid loading of the structure. The elastic boundary conditions appear in the Hamiltonian of the plate through a dynamic contribution, which is expressed in terms of nondimensional edge parameters. The extremalization of the Hamiltonian is achieved using a Rayleigh–Ritz method, and both the free vibrations and the forced vibrations of the plate are presented. The radiation of sound from the plate is analyzed in the far field, and is calculated from one‐dimensional Fourier transforms. Numerical results are presented for the radiation efficiency of modes of simply supported, clamped, free, and guided plates. The values found agree well with predic...

150 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202247
20211,006
20201,140
20191,262
20181,195
20171,215