Delamination

About: Delamination is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16756 publications have been published within this topic receiving 316520 citations.

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, investigation and repair

Abstract: Preface Acknowledgements Glossary Introduction Corrosion of steel in concrete: The corrosion process Black rust Pits, stray current and bacterial corrosion Electrochemistry, cells and half cells Conclusions Causes and mechanisms of corrosion and corrosion damage in concrete: Carbonation Chloride attack Corrosion damage Vertical cracks, horizontal cracks and corrosion The synergistic relationship between chloride attack, chloride binding and release Condition evaluation: Preliminary survey Detailed survey Available techniques Visual inspection Delamination Cover Half cell potential measurements Carbonated depth measurement Chloride determination Resistivity masurement Corrosion rate measurement Other useful tests for corrossion assessment Survey and assessment methodology Monitoring Special conditions: coated rebars and prestressing Physical and chemical repair and rehabilitation techniques: Concrete removal and surface preparation Patches Coating, sealers, membranes and barriers Encasement and overlays Sprayed concrete Corrosion inhibitors Electrochemical repair techniques: Basic principles of electrochemical techniques Cathodic protection The components of an impressed current cathodic protection system Cathodic protecton system design Control criteria System installation Cathodic protection of prestressed concrete Cothodic protection of epoxy coated reinforcing steel Cathodic protection of structures with ASR Chloride removal Realkalisation Comparison of techniques Rehabilitation methodology: Technical differences between repair options Repair costs Cabonation options Summary of options for carbonation repairs Chloride options Summary Understanding and calculating the corrosion of steel in concrete: Initiation time To, carbonation induced corrosion Chloride ingress rates (initiation) Rate of depassivation (activation) Deterioration and corrosive rates Corrosion without spalling Pitting corrosion Cracking and spalling rates, condition indices and end of functioning service life Summary of methodology to determine service life Building for durability: Cover, concrete and design Fusion bonded epoxy coated rebars Waterproofing membranes Penetrating sealers Galvinized rebar Stainless steel reinforcement Corrosion inhibitors Installing cathodic protestion in new structures Durable buildings Conclusions Future developments Appendix A: Bodies involved in corrosion and repair of reinforced concrete Appendix B: Stategic highway research program: published reports on concrete and structures (concrete and the corrosion of steel in atmospherically exposed reinforced concrere bridge componants suffering from chloride induced corrosion) Appendix C: Strategic highway research program: unpublished reports on concrete and structures (concrete and the corrosion of steel in atmospherically exposed reinforced concret

Some experimental investigations in the drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates

Abstract: In this paper, a concept of delamination factor F d (i.e. the ratio of the maximum diameter D max in the damage zone to the hole diameter D ) is proposed to analyze and compare easily the delamination degree in the drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates. Experiments were performed to investigate the variations of cutting forces with or without onset of delamination during the drilling operations. The effects of tool geometry and drilling parameters on cutting force variations in CFRP composite materials drilling were also experimentally examined. The experimental results show that the delamination-free drilling processes may be obtained by the proper selections of tool geometry and drilling parameters. The effects of drilling parameters and tool wear on delamination factor are also presented and discussed. Cutting temperature has long been recognized as an important factor influencing the tool wear rate and tool life. An experimental investigation of flank surface temperatures is also presented in this paper. Experimental results indicated that the flank surface temperatures increase with increasing cutting speed but decreasing feed rate. Optimal cutting conditions are proposed to avoid damage from burning during the drilling processes.

Review of z-pinned composite laminates

Abstract: This paper reviews published research into polymer composite laminates reinforced in the through-thickness direction with z-pins. Research into the manufacture, microstructure, delamination resistance, damage tolerance, joint strength and mechanical properties of z-pinned composites is described. Benefits of reinforcing composites with z-pins are assessed, including improvements to the delamination toughness, impact damage resistance, post-impact damage tolerance and through-thickness properties. Improvements to the failure strength of bonded and bearing joints due to z-pinning are also examined. The paper also reviews research into the adverse effects of z-pins on the in-plane mechanical properties, which includes reduced elastic modulus, strength and fatigue performance. Mechanisms responsible for the reduction to the in-plane properties are discussed, and techniques to minimise the adverse effect of z-pins are described. The benefits and drawbacks of z-pinning on the interlaminar toughness, damage tolerance and in-plane mechanical properties are compared against other common types of through-thickness reinforcement for composites, such as 3D weaving and stitching. Gaps in our understanding and unresolved research problems with z-pinned composites are identified to provide a road map for future research into these materials.