Topic
Dengue fever
About: Dengue fever is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17463 publications have been published within this topic receiving 485745 citations. The topic is also known as: Dengue & dengue disease.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that climate conditions, through the effects of rainfall and temperature on mosquito abundance and dengue transmission rate, play key roles in explaining the temporal dynamics of d Dengue incidence in the human population.
Abstract: Dengue, a viral infection transmitted between people by mosquitoes, is one of the most rapidly spreading diseases in the world. Here, we report the analyses covering 11 y (2005-2015) from the city of Guangzhou in southern China. Using the first 8 y of data to develop an ecologically based model for the dengue system, we reliably predict the following 3 y of dengue dynamics-years with exceptionally extensive dengue outbreaks. We demonstrate that climate conditions, through the effects of rainfall and temperature on mosquito abundance and dengue transmission rate, play key roles in explaining the temporal dynamics of dengue incidence in the human population. Our study thus contributes to a better understanding of dengue dynamics and provides a predictive tool for preventive dengue reduction strategies.
156 citations
TL;DR: A transient derangement of liver functions in childhood DI is suggested, more so in DSS and DHF, with or without hepatomegaly.
Abstract: This prospective study assesses the hepatic functions of children admitted to Kalawati Saran Childrens Hospital New Delhi with diagnoses of dengue infection (DI) dengue fever (DF) dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The sample consisted of 61 children aged 2 months to 12 years with 37 cases of DF 16 cases of DHF and 8 cases of DSS. A detailed medical history thorough clinical examination and laboratory examinations were performed to establish the diagnosis. The most common clinical manifestations of DI included hepatomegaly (74%) epistaxis (26%) jaundice (25%) and petechial rashes (18%). Upon admission serum levels of liver enzymes including aspartase transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were elevated in 80-87% of children with hepatomegaly (group 1) and 81% of cases without hepatomegaly (group 2). On the second week of hospitalization the proportion of cases with elevated serum levels of AST ALT AP and bilirubin increased and the mean levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both groups. Over the next 2-3 weeks these levels gradually decreased. All children with DSS and DHF had increased serum AST ALT and AP levels and the mean levels of these enzymes were notably higher (p < 0.05) compared with those of DF. These findings indicate a transient derangement of liver functions in childhood DI more so in DSS and DHF with or without the presence of hepatomegaly.
156 citations
01 Dec 2001
TL;DR: Immature dendritic cells were found to be the cells most permissive for dengue infection and maybe early targets for infection, and TNF-alpha mediated maturation is undergoes as a consequence of exposure to the d Dengue virus.
Abstract: Dengue virus infections are an emerging global threat. Severe dengue infection is manifested as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, both of which can be fatal complications. Factors predisposing to complicated disease and pathogenesis of severe infections are discussed. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques, we studied the cellular targets of dengue virus infection, at both the clinical (in vivo) and the laboratory (in vitro) level. Resident skin dendritic cells are targets of dengue virus infection as demonstrated in a skin biopsy from a dengue vaccine recipient. We show that factors influencing infection of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells are different. Immature dendritic cells were found to be the cells most permissive for dengue infection and maybe early targets for infection. Immature dendritic cells exposed to dengue virus produce TNF-alpha protein. Some of these immature dendritic cells undergo TNF-alpha mediated maturation as a consequence of exposure to the dengue virus.
156 citations
TL;DR: DENV-2 envelope (E) protein epitope-specific antigens are developed and immunoglobulin responses to three distinct epitopes in DENV-1 infected human serum samples are measured, important for improving the understanding of dengue disease and immunological correlates of protection.
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) is a serious mosquito-borne pathogen causing significant global disease burden, either as classic dengue fever (DF) or in its most severe manifestation dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of dengue disease and there are estimated to be millions of infections annually; a situation which will continue to worsen with increasing expansion of the mosquito vectors and epidemic DF/DHF. Currently there are no available licensed vaccines or antivirals for dengue, although significant effort has been directed toward the development of safe and efficacious dengue vaccines for over 30 years. Promising vaccine candidates are in development and testing phases, but a better understanding of immune responses to DENV infection and vaccination is needed. Humoral immune responses to DENV infection are complex and may exacerbate pathogenicity, yet are essential for immune protection. In this report, we develop DENV-2 envelope (E) protein epitope-specific antigens and measure immunoglobulin responses to three distinct epitopes in DENV-2 infected human serum samples. Immunoglobulin responses to DENV-2 infection exhibited significant levels of individual variation. Antibody populations targeting broadly cross-reactive epitopes centered on the fusion peptide in structural domain II were large, highly variable, and greater in primary than in secondary DENV-2 infected sera. E protein domain III cross-reactive immunoglobulin populations were similarly variable and much larger in IgM than in IgG. DENV-2 specific domain III IgG formed a very small proportion of the antibody response yet was significantly correlated with DENV-2 neutralization, suggesting that the highly protective IgG recognizing this epitope in murine studies plays a role in humans as well. This report begins to tease apart complex humoral immune responses to DENV infection and is thus important for improving our understanding of dengue disease and immunological correlates of protection, relevant to DENV vaccine development and testing.
156 citations
TL;DR: The putative mechanisms behind the observed efficacy of the vaccine against different forms of the disease are discussed, focusing on the interactions between the infecting virus, pre-existing host immunity and vaccine-induced immune responses.
Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) is a human pathogen with a large impact on public health. Although no vaccine against DENV is currently licensed, a recombinant vaccine - chimeric yellow fever virus-DENV tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) - has shown efficacy against symptomatic dengue disease in two recent Phase III clinical trials. Safety observations were also recently reported for these trials. In this Opinion article, we review the data from recent vaccine clinical trials and discuss the putative mechanisms behind the observed efficacy of the vaccine against different forms of the disease, focusing on the interactions between the infecting virus, pre-existing host immunity and vaccine-induced immune responses.
156 citations