Topic
Dengue virus
About: Dengue virus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12671 publications have been published within this topic receiving 461406 citations. The topic is also known as: DENV.
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TL;DR: This is the first report from India with high percentage of concurrent infections with different dengue virus serotypes circulating during one outbreak, and Delhi is now truly hyperendemic for d Dengue.
Abstract: Background
Co-circulation of multiple dengue virus serotypes has been reported from many parts of the world including India, however concurrent infection with more than one serotype of dengue viruses in the same individual is rarely documented. An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) occurred in and around Delhi in 2006. This is the first report from India with high percentage of concurrent infections with different dengue virus serotypes circulating during one outbreak.
305 citations
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TL;DR: A plasmid-based internal control that produces a uniquely sized product and can be used to control for both reverse transcription or amplification steps without the risk of generating false-positive results is designed.
Abstract: In recent years, dengue viruses (serotypes 1 to 4) have spread throughout tropical regions worldwide. In many places, multiple dengue virus serotypes are circulating concurrently, which may increase the risk for the more severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever. For the control and prevention of dengue fever, it is important to rapidly detect and type the virus in clinical samples and mosquitoes. Assays based on reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR (RT-PCR) amplification of dengue viral RNA can offer a rapid, sensitive, and specific approach to the typing of dengue viruses. We have reduced a two-step nested RT-PCR protocol to a single-tube reaction with sensitivity equivalent to that of the two-step protocol (1 to 50 PFU) in order to maximize simplicity and minimize the risk of sample cross-contamination. This assay was also optimized for use with a thermostable RT-polymerase. We designed a plasmid-based internal control that produces a uniquely sized product and can be used to control for both reverse transcription or amplification steps without the risk of generating false-positive results. This single-tube RT-PCR procedure was used to type dengue viruses during the 1995 and 1997-1998 outbreaks in Nicaragua. In addition, an extraction procedure that permits the sensitive detection of viral RNA in pools of up to 50 mosquitoes without PCR inhibition or RNA degradation was developed. This assay should serve as a practical tool for use in countries where dengue fever is endemic, in conjunction with classical methods for surveillance and epidemiology of dengue viruses.
303 citations
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TL;DR: The different steps and challenges of developing CYD TDV are discussed, from research to industrialization, and some of the challenges to the successful introduction of a dengue vaccine into immunization programs are summarized.
302 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) and IFN-γ receptors have critical, nonoverlapping functions in resolving primary DEN infection in mice and the IFN system plays a more important role than T- and B-cell-dependent immunity in resistance to primary DEN infections in mice.
Abstract: Dengue virus (DEN) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, which are major public health problems worldwide. The immune factors that control DEN infection or contribute to severe disease are neither well understood nor easy to examine in humans. In this study, we used wild-type and congenic mice lacking various components of the immune system to study the immune mechanisms in the response to DEN infection. Our results demonstrate that alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) and IFN-γ receptors have critical, nonoverlapping functions in resolving primary DEN infection. Furthermore, we show that IFN-α/β receptor-mediated action limits initial DEN replication in extraneural sites and controls subsequent viral spread into the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, IFN-γ receptor-mediated responses seem to act at later stages of DEN disease by restricting viral replication in the periphery and eliminating virus from the CNS. Mice deficient in B, CD4 + T, or CD8 + T cells had no increased susceptibility to DEN; however, RAG mice (deficient in both B and T cells) were partially susceptible to DEN infection. In summary, (i) IFN-α/β is critical for early immune responses to DEN infection, (ii) IFN-γ-mediated immune responses are crucial for both early and late clearance of DEN infection in mice, and (iii) the IFN system plays a more important role than T- and B-cell-dependent immunity in resistance to primary DEN infection in mice.
302 citations
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TL;DR: A cascade of cytokines, that in this paper's view, may lead to DHF, are presented, including a unique cytokine, human cytotoxic factor (hCF), that initiates a series of events leading to a shift from Th1-type response in mild illness to a Th2- type response resulting in severe DHF.
Abstract: Dengue virus produces a mild acute febrile illness, dengue fever (DF) and a severe illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The characteristic feature of DHF is increased capillary permeability leading to extensive plasma leakage in serous cavities resulting in shock. The pathogenesis of DHF is not fully understood. This paper presents a cascade of cytokines, that in our view, may lead to DHF. The main feature is the early generation of a unique cytokine, human cytotoxic factor (hCF) that initiates a series of events leading to a shift from Th1-type response in mild illness to a Th2-type response resulting in severe DHF. The shift from Th1 to Th2 is regulated by the relative levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 and between IL-12 and transforming growth factor-L, which showed an inverse relationship in patients with DF. fl 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
301 citations