Showing papers on "Depression (differential diagnoses) published in 1974"
1,940 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 90-item symptom checklist (SCL-90) was administered to 30 patients admitted consecutively to an oncology research unit and more than half of the patients showed moderate to high levels of depression.
Abstract: A 90-item symptom checklist (SCL-90) was administered to 30 patients admitted consecutively to an oncology research unit. More than half of the patients showed moderate to high levels of depression...
206 citations
TL;DR: Results did show a seasonal relationship between suicide and depression, and it seems that early recognition and treatment of depression may be the most effective measure for suicide prevention.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between completed suicides, depressive disorders, and seasonal variation. All deaths by suicide in North Carolina (N = 3,672) and admissions to the Durham Veterans Administration Hospital Psychiatry Service (N = 3,258) from 1965 to 1971 were tabulated for data analyses. Observed distribution of suicides was not significantly higher for special holidays, weekdays vs weekends, months, or seasons, but was for days of the week (highest on Mondays). Based on discharge diagnoses, the observed distribution of patients admitted with depression was not significantly higher for any month of the year. Further, there was no significant correlation of climatic variables with completed suicides. Results did show a seasonal relationship between suicide and depression. It seems that early recognition and treatment of depression may be the most effective measure for suicide prevention.
107 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to describe other depressive individuals and to determine if they differed in alcoholic behavior, psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial background, or family history from those who did not have a depressive condition.
Abstract: Depression is one of the commoner psychiatric conditions, as judged by population s~rveys.‘ .~ It also figures rather prominently in studies of hospitalized alcoholics’ and has been found to occur more often among female alcoholic^.^ Previous reports from a sample of 259 hospitalized alcoholics have described a group of depressive alcoholics, almost entirely female, who developed a depression first in the course of life and only later became alcoholic.\".'^'\"^\" These individuals, who were labeled “primary depressives,” run a different alcoholic course from alcoholics who have other diagnoses, such as sociopathy.”,“ The same sample of 259 alcoholics contained a larger number of depressives among the individuals who were first alcoholic and only later in life developed a depressive condition in the context of their alcoholism (secondary depression). The purpose of this paper is to describe these other depressive individuals and to determine if they differed in alcoholic behavior, psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial background, or family history from those who did not have a depressive condition.
103 citations
TL;DR: In a double-blind, clinical trial, four of five patients with mental depression, who received 60 mg of MRIH-I for each of six consecutive days, experienced marked improvement for their symptoms within two to three days.
Abstract: The melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-release inhibiting hormone, prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (MRIH-I), is a hypothalamic hormone active in animal systems used as models of depression. In a double-blind, clinical trial, four of five patients with mental depression, who received 60 mg of MRIH-I for each of six consecutive days, experienced marked improvement for their symptoms within. two to three days. The preliminary nature of these findings, however, is emphasized by the improvement in two of four patients receiving a placebo and only two of five patients receiving 150 mg of MRIH-I.
89 citations
85 citations
TL;DR: Multivariate analyses revealed configurational group differences involving anxiety, depression, and insomnia and indicated that information concerning previous treatment response played an additional role in treatment assignment.
Abstract: This study is concerned with factors affecting the type of psychotropic medication prescribed for neurotic outpatients with a diagnosis of "mixed anxiety-depression." The sample includes 122 patients assigned to clinical trials with anxiolytics (anxiety study group) and 149 patients assigned to trials with antidepressants (depression study group). Anxiety and depression dominated the symptom profiles of all patients, but in anxiety study patients anxiety was the more severe of the two symptoms, while in depression study patients depression was the more severe. For physician measures, depression differed more sharply across groups; for patient measures anxiety made the greater contribution to between-group differences. Multivariate analyses revealed configurational group differences involving anxiety, depression, and insomnia and indicated that information concerning previous treatment response played an additional role in treatment assignment.
69 citations
69 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study has been to demonstrate that any person who suffers from a chronically painful and disabling disease is likely to demonstrate psychological reactions similar to those exhibited by the rheumatoid patients, i.e. 'conflicts in the expression of hostility' and more anxiety and depression.
Abstract: In a disease in which the patient is continually subjected to pain and forced to face the probability of increasing deformity and handicap, the occurrence of a depressive reaction might be expected. (Symposium, 1968). It has been suggested that many patients suffering from rheumatoid disease experience a depressive reaction which may materially impede progress and delay rehabilitation (Leading article, 1969). Several studies reported in the literature deal with the psychological profiles and personality traits of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, Rimon (1969), in a detailed psychological study of 100 female outpatients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, noted a depressive reaction in 29 during the investigation period. In a psychological study by Robinson, Kirk, and Frye (1971) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and selected controls with non-painful chronic diseases, it was found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a higher incidence of 'anxiety and depression' when compared with the control subjects. It has also been suggested that any person who suffers from a chronically painful and disabling disease is likely to demonstrate psychological reactions similar to those exhibited by the rheumatoid patients, i.e. 'conflicts in the expression of hostility' and more anxiety and depression. Some support for the plausibility of this 'pain hypothesis' was provided by a recent study by Robinson, Kirk, Frye, and Robertson (1972). In another study (of personality, disease parameters, and medication in RA), Moldofsky and Rothman (1971) found that, in comparison with those who had never received oral corticosteroids, those who had received such drugs were found to be 'less persevering, more depressed, taciturn, complaintive and demanding, dependent and easily upset'. The purpose of the present study has been:
64 citations
TL;DR: In the authors' own clinical experience in alcoholism, there is an impression that the alcohol intake was used by the alcoholics to reduce their painfG1 affects, which are probably most often of a complex nature involving combinations of depression, anxiety and guilt.
Abstract: In our own clinical experience in alcoholism, we have also an impression that the alcohol intake was used by the alcoholics to reduce their painfG1 affects. These affects are probably most often of a complex nature involving combinations of depression, anxiety and guilt. Severe sleep disturbances are also an outstanding feature of alcoholism, which are suggestive of common biological basis with depressi0n.l' 24 Although our eager efforts have been made to help the alcoholics by social-psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatments in parallel with refraining from drinking, outcome of such therapies can be less than satisfactory. It may be because that the principal problem in chronic alcoholism is
TL;DR: Mortality rates in psychiatric patients have been reported as higher than those of the general population in Scandinavia, the United States, and Scotland, and these findings may be related both to a greater prevalence of physical disease amongst psychiatric patients and to the greater frequency of suicide.
Abstract: The facilities of the Oxford Record Linkage Study were used in an attempt to replicate the finding of Kerr, Schapira and Roth (1969) that a characteristic form of depressive illness may be a precursor of cancer. 823 patients (309 men, 514 women) admitted to psychiatric or general hospitals in the Oxford area during 1963-64 with a principal diagnosis of depression were identified. Any subsequent hospital admissions or deaths of these patients were recorded for a standardized four-year follow-up period. As would be predicted from earlier studies, rates for deaths from all natural causes and from suicide were significantly above those expected for the background population. However, rates for morbidity and mortality from malignant diseases diagnosed after the key depressive illness were not above expected values. There was thus no evidence to support an association between depressive illness and subsequent deaths from cancer in psychiatric inpatients. It is concluded that, although the hypothesis is not disproved by this study, the Newcastle findings cannot be replicated using the I.C.D. categories of affective disorder. There is a need for studies based on all psychiatric patients, or better on community surveys.
TL;DR: There was a relationship between the degree of turning hostility inward and higher scores on several measures of the severity of depression, and several indicators of outward hostility were related to presence of hysterical features and resentment.
Abstract: A study of 37 depressed patients explored the association among depression, hostility, and the direction in which hostility is expressed. A spectrum of hostile behaviors was found, defined by four factors, with an approximately equal number of patients turning hostility inward and outward. In those patients who tended to turn hostility in, there was a relationship between the degree of turning hostility inward and higher scores on several measures of the severity of depression. Several indicators of outward hostility were related to presence of hysterical features and resentment. These tentative findings are in keeping with a theory which considers depression to be primarily an emotional signal and hostility to serve as a defense. There is evidence from responses on the Buss-Durkee Inventory that the defense may be failing as depression becomes more severe since the highly depressed patients we observed see their anger as being weak. As they also see other people's anger as more potent and on-the-surface, they may fear retaliation, and therefore express their hostility in the form of resentment.
TL;DR: The psychiatric symptoms seen during a clinical trial of L-asparaginase in adult patients with acute leukemia were depression, ranging from mild to severe, lethargy, confusion, delirium, fugue states, and a delIRium-tremens-like state.
TL;DR: The neuropsychiatric problems which burn patients experience may occur either during hospitalization or after discharge, with approximately 80 per cent showing complications and sequelae such as fearfulness, suspiciousness, poor school performance, and difficulty in relating to other children.
Abstract: The neuropsychiatric problems which burn patients experience may occur either during hospitalization or after discharge. Some of these may be considered “normal” in that they occur in many patients and are not pathological or life-threatening if handled appropriately. Others tend to interfere with the recovery process and are associated with a poor prognosis. Normal reactions which occur during hospitalization include anxiety reaction, mild depression, fear of deformity, and a steadily decreasing pain threshold. Potentially pathological reactions during hospitalization, which occur in 20 to 30 per cent of all patients, include severe depression, severe regression, and delirium. After discharge most patients, especially those with severe burns, face further adjustment problems. Follow-up study indicates that during the first year many patients continue to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and phobic behavior. Most patients who have a normal adjustment prior to injury, however, eventually learn to deal ...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: An overall increase in suicide by drug overdose, and in particular the use of prescription drugs, suggests the need for public health legislation to require the inclusion of an emetic or some other agent as a deterrent to overdose in the widely prescribed psychotherapeutic drugs.
TL;DR: The discrepancy between the availability of treatment for depression and the actual providing of treatment is so great as to constitute a scandal.
Abstract: DEPRESSION is the most undertreated of all major diseases. Were pneumonia, diabetes, or any other important disease entity so often undiagnosed and so often untreated, the courts would justifiably be filled with patients suing for medical malpractice. The discrepancy between the availability of treatment for depression and the actual providing of treatment is so great as to constitute a scandal. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a recent survey estimates that in any given year 15% of adults between the ages of 18 and 74 years may suffer serious depressive symptoms. This represents approximately 20 million individuals. It is not possible to secure figures for an unduplicated count, but NIMH estimates that in 1971 about 615,000 individuals (less than 5% of those in need of treatment) were resident in or admitted to psychiatric treatment facilities of one kind or another. This represents only a small portion of
TL;DR: It is suggested that emotional illness in psychiatric training is common and anxiety and depression characterize these illnesses and occur most frequently in the first year of training.
Abstract: Emotional illness in psychiatric post-graduate trainees has been the topic of several papers in recent years (1, 2, 3). In summary, these papers suggest that emotional illness in psychiatric training is common. Anxiety and depression characterize these illnesses and occur most frequently in the first year of training. But, as Halleck and Woods have stated, ‘Information as to the prevalence of anxiety states, depression, suicide, psychoses or serious acting out is unavailable’ (4).