Depression (differential diagnoses)

About: Depression (differential diagnoses) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56557 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2048357 citations.

Psychodynamics and psychiatric diagnoses of pseudoseizure subjects

Abstract: Objective The goal of this study was to determine current and lifetime rates of DSM-III-R disorders in patients with pseudoseizures and to ascertain whether trauma is associated with the occurrence of pseudoseizures. Methods Adult pseudoseizure patients (N = 45) were interviewed regarding seizure course and life events, and they were given the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R--Patient Version, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Dissociative Disorders, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire--Revised. The pseudoseizures were diagnosed in a tertiary-care video-EEG facility. Most of the subjects (78%) were female, and the mean age of the overall patient group was 37.5 years (SD = 9.7). Results The mean duration of the subjects' seizure history was 8.3 years (SD = 8.0). Common current psychiatric diagnoses included somatoform disorders (89%), dissociative disorders (91%), affective disorders (64%), personality disorders (62%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (49%), and other anxiety disorders (47%). The lifetime occurrence of nonseizure conversion disorders was 82%. The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale score was 20.2 (SD = 18.2). Trauma was reported by 84% of the subjects: sexual abuse by 67%, physical abuse by 67%, and other traumas by 73%. Conclusions Pseudoseizure subjects have high rates of the psychiatric disorders found in traumatized groups; they closely resemble patients with dissociative disorders. Reclassification of conversion seizures with the dissociative disorders should be considered. Pseudoseizures often appear to express distress related to abuse reports. Clinicians should screen pseudoseizure patients for adult and childhood trauma, dissociative disorders, depression, and PTSD.

Prevalence of depression in los angeles county

Abstract: The occurrence of depression was determined during the summer of 1979 in a multi-ethnic probability sample of 1003 adults (66% participation) in Los Angeles County, as part of a community survey of the epidemiology of depression and help-seeking behavior. The primary measure of depression was the 20-item CES-D scale developed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies. The overall prevalence of depression based on a CES-D cutpoint definition of 16 or greater was 19.1%. The prevalence of depression was greatest among Hispanics (27.4%) and least among whites (15.6%), with blacks and others at an intermediate level (21.8% and 21.2%, respectively). Females (23.5%) were nearly twice as likely to be depressed as males (12.9%). By age, persons 18-24 years reported the highest rate of depression (27.4%), while those 45-64 years reported the lowest (16.3%). As expected, the prevalence of depression was strongly related to family income, with the highest level reported for those earning less than $8500 (29.3%); the lowest level for those earning more than $25,000 (9.0%). After controlling for effects of selected demographic and socioeconomic variables, neither race nor ethnicity were significantly related to the presence of depression. This suggests that the economic strain experienced by many minorities may be an important determinant of higher rates of depression among blacks and Hispanics.

Personality disorder and the outcome of depression: meta-analysis of published studies.

Abstract: Background There is conflicting evidence about the influence of personality disorder on outcome in depressive disorders. Aims Meta-analysis of studies in which a categorical assessment of personality disorder or no personality disorder was made in people with depressive disorders, and categorical outcome (recovered/not recovered) also determined. Method Systematic electronic search of the literature for relevant publications. Hand searches of Journal of Affective Disorders and recent reviews, with subsequent meta-analysis of selected studies. Results Comorbid personality disorder with depression was associated with a doubling of the risk of a poor outcome for depression compared with no personality disorder (random effects model OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.70-2.80), a robust finding maintained with only Hamilton-type depression criteria at outcome (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.61-3.01). All treatments apart from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) showed this poor outcome, and the ECT group was small. Conclusions Combined depression and personality disorder is associated with a poorer outcome than depression alone.