Depression (differential diagnoses)

About: Depression (differential diagnoses) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56557 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2048357 citations.

Childhood Bullying Behaviors as a Risk for Suicide Attempts and Completed Suicides: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

Abstract: Objective There are no previous studies about the association of childhood bullying behavior with later suicide attempts and completed suicides among both sexes. The aim was to study associations between childhood bullying behaviors at age 8 years and suicide attempts and completed suicides up to age 25 years in a large representative population-based birth cohort. Method The sample includes 5,302 Finnish children born in 1981. Information about bullying was gathered at age 8 years from self-report, as well as parent and teacher reports. Information about suicide attempts requiring hospital admission and completed suicides was gathered from three different Finnish registries until the study participants were 25 years old. Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether children who experience childhood bullying behaviors are at risk for later suicide attempts and completed suicides after controlling for baseline conduct and depression symptoms. Results The association between bullying behavior at age 8 years and later suicide attempts and completed suicides varies by sex. Among boys, frequent bullying and victimization are associated with later suicide attempts and completed suicides but not after controlling for conduct and depression symptoms; frequent victimization among girls is associated with later suicide attempts and completed suicides, even after controlling for conduct and depression symptoms. Conclusions When examining childhood bullying behavior as a risk factor for later suicide attempts and completed suicides, each sex has a different risk profile.

Depression in Ambulatory Medical Patients: Prevalence by Self-report Questionnaire and Recognition by Nonpsychiatric Physicians

Abstract: • Previous studies of medical outpatients have documented a high prevalence of depression that is often unrecognized by primary physicians. However, the subjective methodologies of most of these studies limit their quantitative and comparative usefulness. By contrast, in the present study, 526 medical outpatients completed a self-report questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Questionnaire results were calibrated by psychiatric interviews of a subsample of 41 patients. The prevalence of depression was 12.2% when at least mild depression was used as a criterion; the rate for moderate depression was 5.5%, and the rate for severe, probably "psychotic," depression was 0.6%. A review of medical charts showed that primary physicians failed to diagnose about 50% of both depressed and otherwise impaired patients. The BDI was shown to be a sensitive screening test; its use is advocated to improve recognition of depression by primary physicians.

Epilepsy, suicidality, and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional association.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: A study was undertaken to determine whether psychiatric disorders associated with suicide are more common in incident epilepsy than in matched controls without epilepsy, before and after epilepsy diagnosis. METHODS: A matched, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the UK General Practice Research Database. A total of 3,773 cases diagnosed with epilepsy between the ages of 10 and 60 years were compared to 14,025 controls matched by year of birth, sex, general practice, and years of medical records before the index date. We examined first diagnosis of psychosis, depression, anxiety, and suicidality in each of the 3 years before and after the index date and annual prevalence of suicide. Referent diagnoses were eczema and acute surgery. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated for each year in the study period; the prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated for suicidality. RESULTS: The IRR of psychosis, depression, and anxiety was significantly increased for all years before epilepsy diagnosis (IRR, 1.5-15.7) and after diagnosis (IRR, 2.2-10.9) and for suicidality before epilepsy diagnosis (IRR, 3.1-4.5) and 1 year after diagnosis (IRR, 5.3). The PR was increased for suicide attempt before epilepsy onset (PR, 2.6-5.2) and after onset (PR, 2.4-5.6). Eczema and acute surgery were both associated with epilepsy in the first and third year after diagnosis. INTERPRETATION: Epilepsy is associated with an increased onset of psychiatric disorders and suicide before and after epilepsy diagnosis. These relations suggest common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that both lower seizure threshold and increase risk for psychiatric disorders and suicide. ANN NEUROL 2012. Language: en