Depression (differential diagnoses)

About: Depression (differential diagnoses) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56557 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2048357 citations.

Inflammation and Behavioral Symptoms After Breast Cancer Treatment: Do Fatigue, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance Share a Common Underlying Mechanism?

Abstract: Purpose Fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbance are common adverse effects of cancer treatment and frequently co-occur. However, the possibility that inflammatory processes may underlie this constellation of symptoms has not been examined. Patients and Methods Women (N = 103) who had recently finished primary treatment (ie, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) for early-stage breast cancer completed self-report scales and provided blood samples for determination of plasma levels of inflammatory markers: soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and C-reactive protein. Results Symptoms were elevated at the end of treatment; greater than 60% of participants reported clinically significant problems with fatigue and sleep, and 25% reported elevated depressive symptoms. Women treated with chemotherapy endorsed higher levels of all symptoms and also had higher plasma levels of sTNF-RII than women who did not receive chemotherapy (all P < .05). Fatigue was pos...

Epidemiology and burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, generally progressive autoimmune disease that causes functional disability, significant pain and joint destruction, and leads to premature mortality. It is estimated to affect between 0.5 and 1.0% of the adult population worldwide, increases in prevalence with age and affects more women than men. The magnitude of the severe long-term economic consequences of RA has been underestimated in the past. Most patients with the disease require continuous treatment to retard or stop progression and to control disease flares. Many also require surgery, such as total hip or knee replacement. In addition to these direct costs, work disability leads to reduced productivity and early retirement, and as a result, substantial indirect costs. The individual and his or her family must cope with the feeling of loss of contribution to society combined with redefined social roles, and the effects of pain, fatigue, low self-esteem, mental distress and depression. A number of countries in North America and Europe have reported a decline in the incidence of RA in recent years, although geographical differences remain that may be associated with genetic, environmental or cultural factors. Nevertheless, patients with RA have not shared the improvements in survival rates seen with other diseases over the last 40 years, and have a mean reduction in life expectancy of between 5 and 10 years. Disease severity, activity and disability are strongly linked to premature mortality in patients with RA. The high direct and indirect costs associated with RA, together with the substantial morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people worldwide, underline the potential benefits of improved treatments for this chronic disease to patients, their families and society.

Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment.

Abstract: Sleep disturbance is the most prominent symptom in depressive patients and was formerly regarded as a main secondary manifestation of depression. However, many longitudinal studies have identified insomnia as an independent risk factor for the development of emerging or recurrent depression among young, middle-aged and older adults. This bidirectional association between sleep disturbance and depression has created a new perspective that sleep problems are no longer an epiphenomenon of depression but a predictive prodromal symptom. In this review, we highlight the treatment of sleep disturbance before, during and after depression, which probably plays an important role in improving outcomes and preventing the recurrence of depression. In clinical practice, pharmacological therapies, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non-pharmacological therapies are typically applied. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity.

The prevalence and morbidity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective primary care study.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence and public health impact of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in primary care patients in England. METHODS: There were 2376 subjects, aged 18 through 45 years. Of 214 subjects who fulfilled criteria for chronic fatigue, 185 (86%) were interviewed in the case-control study. Measures included chronic fatigue, psychological morbidity, depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, functional impairment, and psychiatric disorder. RESULTS: The point prevalence of chronic fatigue was 11.3%, falling to 4.1% if comorbid psychological disorders were excluded. The point prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome was 2.6%, falling to 0.5% if comorbid psychological disorders were excluded. Rates did not vary by social class. After adjustment for psychological disorder, being female was modestly associated with chronic fatigue. Functional impairment was profound and was associated with psychological disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Both chronic ...

Severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: ARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), INCLUDING COROnary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, is the leading cause of death in the United States and most developed Western countries, and will remain so during the 21st century. 1 In 2004, CVD was listed as the underlying cause of death in 871517 of all 2398000 deaths (36.3%), or 1 of every 2.8 deaths in the United States, with CHD accounting for 52% and stroke for 17%. 2 During the past several decades, CVD mortality has markedly declined in the United States, from more than 50% to approximately 36% as the underlying cause of death. Recent data suggest that the decline is largely due to improved diagnosis and treatment rather than to major successes in primary prevention. In contrast, patients with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression that together affect 5% to 10% of the US population, 3 lose 25 or more years of life expectancy, with the majority of the excess premature deaths due to CVD, not suicide. 4 In this Commentary, we summarize disparities in CVD mortality and prevention efforts comparing the general population and individuals with severe mental illnesses and suggest the urgent need for new paradigms. In the general US population, cigarette consumption has been the leading avoidable cause of all premature deaths, with the amount currently smoked representing a key measure of risk. 5 Smoking rates in the general population have declined from more than 50% in the 1950s to approximately 25% at present. 5 However, among patients with diagnosable mental illness, 50% to 80% are smokers and consume 34% to 44% of all cigarettes in the United States. 6 Although patients with severe mental illness are overrepresentedinstateprogramslikeMedicaid,somestatesdonot cover any form of tobacco-dependence treatment. 7 In addition, only a few states cover all treatments recommended intheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForceguidelinesonsmoking cessation. 7 Moreover, some states that cover tobaccodependence treatment require cost sharing, a serious disincentive for disabled patients with fixed income. 7