Topic
Depression (differential diagnoses)
About: Depression (differential diagnoses) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56557 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2048357 citations.
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TL;DR: The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked, yet cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms.
Abstract: In 2 meta-analyses on gender differences in depression in nationally representative samples, we advance previous work by including studies of depression diagnoses and symptoms to (a) estimate the magnitude of the gender difference in depression across a wide array of nations and ages; (b) use a developmental perspective to elucidate patterns of gender differences across the life span; and (c) incorporate additional theory-driven moderators (e.g., gender equity). For major depression diagnoses and depression symptoms, respectively, we meta-analyzed data from 65 and 95 articles and their corresponding national data sets, representing data from 1,716,195 and 1,922,064 people in over 90 different nations. Overall, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.88, 2.03], and d = 0.27 [0.26, 0.29]. Age was the strongest predictor of effect size. The gender difference for diagnoses emerged earlier than previously thought, with OR = 2.37 at age 12. For both meta-analyses, the gender difference peaked in adolescence (OR = 3.02 for ages 13-15, and d = 0.47 for age 16) but then declined and remained stable in adulthood. Cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms. The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked. (PsycINFO Database Record
1,173 citations
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TL;DR: Patients with chronic medical illness have a high prevalence of major depressive illness, and increasing evidence suggests that both depressive symptoms and major depression may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality from such illnesses as diabetes and heart disease.
1,164 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that university students experience rates of depression that are substantially higher than those found in the general population.
1,156 citations
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TL;DR: Evaluating the adequacy of pain management in elderly and minority cancer patients admitted to nursing homes found age, gender, race, marital status, physical function, depression, and cognitive status were independently associated with the presence of pain.
Abstract: Context.—Cancer pain can be relieved with pharmacological agents as indicated
by the World Health Organization (WHO). All too frequently pain management
is reported to be poor.Objective.—To evaluate the adequacy of pain management in elderly and minority
cancer patients admitted to nursing homes.Design.—Retrospective, cross-sectional study.Setting.—A total of 1492 Medicare-certified and/or Medicaid-certified nursing
homes in 5 states participating in the Health Care Financing Administration's
demonstration project, which evaluated the implementation of the Resident
Assessment Instrument and its Minimum Data Set.Study Population.—A group of 13625 cancer patients aged 65 years and older discharged
from the hospital to any of the facilities from 1992 to 1995. Data were from
the multilinked Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology
(SAGE) database.Main Outcome Measures.—Prevalence and predictors of daily pain and of analgesic treatment.
Pain assessment was based on patients' report and was completed by a multidisciplinary
team of nursing home personnel that observed, over a 7-day period, whether
each resident complained or showed evidence of pain daily.Results.—A total of 4003 patients (24%, 29%, and 38% of those aged ≥85 years,
75 to 84 years, and 65 to 74 years, respectively) reported daily pain. Age,
gender, race, marital status, physical function, depression, and cognitive
status were all independently associated with the presence of pain. Of patients
with daily pain, 16% received a WHO level 1 drug, 32% a WHO level 2 drug,
and only 26% received morphine. Patients aged 85 years and older were less
likely to receive either weak opiates or morphine than those aged 65 to 74
years (13% vs 38%, respectively). More than a quarter of patients (26%) in
daily pain did not receive any analgesic agent. Patients older than 85 years
in daily pain were also more likely to receive no analgesia (odds ratio [OR],
1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.73). Other independent predictors
of failing to receive any analgesic agent were minority race (OR, 1.63; 95%
CI, 1.18-2.26 for African Americans), low cognitive performance (OR, 1.23;
95% CI, 1.05-1.44), and the number of other medications received (OR, 0.65;
95% CI, 0.5-0.84 for 11 or more medications).Conclusions.—Daily pain is prevalent among nursing home residents with cancer and
is often untreated, particularly among older and minority patients.
1,141 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that depression predicts the development of CHD in initially healthy people and the stronger effect size for clinical depression compared to depressive mood points out that there might be a dose-response relationship between depression and CHD.
1,141 citations