Topic
Desalination
About: Desalination is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 342771 citations.
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TL;DR: A number of seawater desalination technologies have been developed during the last several decades to augment the supply of water in arid regions of the world as mentioned in this paper, however, many countries are unable to afford these technologies as a fresh water resource.
1,265 citations
TL;DR: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology for the facile removal of charged ionic species from aqueous solutions, and is currently being widely explored for water desalination applications.
Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology for the facile removal of charged ionic species from aqueous solutions, and is currently being widely explored for water desalination applications. The technology is based on ion electrosorption at the surface of a pair of electrically charged electrodes, commonly composed of highly porous carbon materials. The CDI community has grown exponentially over the past decade, driving tremendous advances via new cell architectures and system designs, the implementation of ion exchange membranes, and alternative concepts such as flowable carbon electrodes and hybrid systems employing a Faradaic (battery) electrode. Also, vast improvements have been made towards unraveling the complex processes inherent to interfacial electrochemistry, including the modelling of kinetic and equilibrium aspects of the desalination process. In our perspective, we critically review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art of CDI technology and provide definitions and performance metric nomenclature in an effort to unify the fast-growing CDI community. We also provide an outlook on the emerging trends in CDI and propose future research and development directions.
1,219 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of both concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on permeate water flux through a commercially available forward osmosis membrane was investigated and a flux model that accounts for the presence of both internal and external concentration polarization for the two possible membrane orientations involving the feed and draw solutions was presented.
1,184 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a cost analysis of the reverse osmosis process and the main parameters influencing the total water cost produced by different desalination technologies, including capital and operating costs, as well as local incentives or subsidies.
1,132 citations
TL;DR: Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted the interest of the community investigating water treatment technologies since the mid-1960s as mentioned in this paper, based on the recognition that high-surface-area electrodes, when electrically charged, can quantitatively adsorb ionic components from water, thereby resulting in desalination.
990 citations