Topic
Design load
About: Design load is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7616 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed building design criteria to protect life and reduce damage and loss to an acceptable level by minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost with respect to the design load and resistance.
Abstract: In view of the large damage suffered in recent earthquakes and hurricanes, building design criteria are developed to protect life and reduce damage and loss to an acceptable level. The problem is minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost with respect to the design load and resistance. Load uncertainty includes occurrence time, intensity, and duration. The costs of construction, maintenance, and failure consequences, including deaths and injuries, as well as discounting cost over time, are considered. Optimal values are obtained of design variables and target reliability under single and multiple time-varying loads. Also investigated is sensitivity of the optimal design to important loading and structural parameters. The optimal design is found to depend primarily on the limit state consequences (costs), and to a lesser degree on the structural life. For multiple hazards, the optimal design is controlled by the hazard with large uncertainty and severe failure consequences. In a companion paper applicat...
256 citations
Lloyd's Register1, National University of Singapore2, Istanbul University3, SINTEF4, Delft University of Technology5, Osaka University6, Technical University of Denmark7, University of Zagreb8, Technical University of Lisbon9, National Technical University of Athens10, Germanischer Lloyd11, University of Strathclyde12
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the recent advances in the assessment of loads for ships and offshore structures with the aim to draw the overall technological landscape available for further understanding, validation and implementation by the academic and industrial communities.
226 citations
TL;DR: PANDA2 as discussed by the authors finds minimum weight designs of laminated composite flat or curved cylindrical panels with stiffeners in one or two orthogonal directions, which can be loaded by as many as five combinations of in-plane loads and normal pressure.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a five-span, four-hundred-foot reinforced concrete box girder birdge supported on single column piers that are pile-founded was subjected to extensive dynamic tests.
Abstract: A five-span, four-hundred-foot long, reinforced concrete box girder birdge supported on single column piers that are pile-founded was subjected to extensive dynamic tests. The pullback and quick-release method of excitation was used. Two D-8 crawler tractors were used to apply total release loads that had a magnitude of about one-quarter of the earthquke design loads. The transverse mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained from these tests were used in conjunction with the system identification procedure outlined herein. By using these techniques, it is possible to identify the in situ dynamic stiffnesses of the pier foundations as well as the abutment structures. In addition, the dynamic bending and shear stiffness factors for the superstructure deck were also obtained. Thus, carefully conducted dynamic tests of full-scale highway bridges provide detailed information about the structure. At the same time, they shed much experimental light on the soil-structure interaction aspects of the problem, which in many cases greatly affects the distribution of seismic loads in bridges.
156 citations
01 Jun 1963
TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum dynamic loads on the teeth have been deduced from a back-to-back gear test rig, and it has been found that for all applied loads between zero and 1 1 1/4 times design load, the maximum load never exceeds twice the design load (the design load is the load which gives a constant transmission error at low speed).
Abstract: In an earlier paper by one of the authors (9) a theoretical analysis suggested that, at certain speeds, large vibrations can occur in a pair of spur gears, without any manufacturing errors and without any external excitation, provided the damping is less than about 0·07 of critical. In this paper a summary is given of an extension to this theoretical analysis, but the main part is concerned with experimental observations on a back-to-back gear test rig. From these observations the maximum dynamic loads on the teeth have been deduced. It has been found that for all applied loads between zero and 1 1/4 times design load, the maximum dynamic load never exceeds twice the design load (the design load is the load which gives a constant transmission error at low speed). It should be noted that if the design load (for which the profile modification is specified) is appreciably greater than the applied load, the dynamic increment may be very large. Excessive profile modification should therefore be avoided. As the...
148 citations