scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Design tool published in 2012"


ReportDOI
01 Aug 2012
TL;DR: NuMAD as discussed by the authors is a pre-processor for the ANSYS commercial finite element package that allows the creation of a 3D finite element model for a wind turbine blade.
Abstract: Sandia National Laboratories has an on-going effort to reduce the cost of energy and improve reliability for wind systems through improved blade design and manufacture. As part of this effort, a software tool named NuMAD (Numerical Manufacturing And Design) has been developed to greatly simplify the process of creating a three-dimensional finite element model for a modern wind turbine blade. NuMAD manages all blade information including databases of airfoils, materials, and material placement to enable efficient creation of models. NuMAD is a stand-alone, user-friendly, graphical pre-processor for the ANSYS ® commercial finite element package. The blade information contained in the NuMAD database is also used to manage capabilities such as output for CFD mesh, computation of blade cross section properties, and aeroelastic instability analysis of the blade. This user’s manual describes the capabilities and usage of NuMAD.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design effort comprises considerations of the number of driving actuators for controllability, body structure for both weight minimization and rigidity, and overall compactness of the robot design, resulting in the development of the spherical four-bar transmission mechanism.
Abstract: In this work we present the design of a scalable, controllable, miniature flapping wing robot. The design effort comprises considerations of the number of driving actuators for controllability, body structure for both weight minimization and rigidity, and overall compactness of the robot design. This results in the development of the spherical four-bar transmission mechanism, with a single-wing prototype experimentally characterized. A dual-wing robot design manufactured via the smart composite microstructures technique is presented, featuring independent wing actuation. Finite-element analysis of the final airframe design is presented, ensuring vibration modes out of the operation range of the platform and high rigidity. A working prototype is manufactured and experiments are conducted characterizing the robot's lift production capabilities and ensuring minimal wing coupling. A scaling law of the proposed design is presented based on momentum theory, predicting an increase of the lift/weight ratio with decreasing size. An optimization methodology for the parameters of a scaled down prototype is presented, based on a developed theoretical simulation and design tool. Finally, a 1/2 scaled down prototype using the optimized parameters is built and tested, featuring a lift/weight ratio of 3/8.

52 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 Jun 2012
TL;DR: This paper reports on the prototype design process of DisCo, a computer-based design tool that enables intergenerational co-designers to collaborate online and asynchronously while being geographically distributed and learned that children were less forgiving of their inability to draw on the computer than on paper.
Abstract: Face-to-face design with child and adult design partners is not always possible due to distant geographical locations or time differences. Yet we believe that the designs of children in areas not co-located with system builders, or who live in locations not easily accessed, are just as important and valid as children who are easily accessible especially when designing for a multinational audience. This paper reports on the prototype design process of DisCo, a computer-based design tool that enables intergenerational co-designers to collaborate online and asynchronously while being geographically distributed. DisCo contains tools that enable the designers to iterate, annotate, and communicate from within the tool. This tool was used to facilitate distributed co-design. We learned that children were less forgiving of their inability to draw on the computer than on paper, and they formed small, intergenerational design teams at their own locations when the technology did not work as they expected.

51 citations


DissertationDOI
05 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a methodology for the generation of design concepts for building envelopes based on biophysical information, with a special attention to the representation of biophysics information and abstraction of principles.
Abstract: Several biomimetic design strategies are available for various applications, though the research on biomimetics as a design tool in architecture is still challenging. This is due to a lack of systematic design tools required for identifying relevant organisms, or natural systems, and abstracting the corresponding generic principles for implementation in design concept generations for building envelopes. A major challenge in current strategies is the filtering of the wide possibilities that nature provides, especially for architects who have limited biophysical background. In order to find design solutions from nature, the requirements of the artificial system have to be defined, and then analogue systems in nature that perform similar functions need to be identified. The design generating tools should support the transitions between the domains, especially the identification of biological analogies and their abstraction. To this end, the current thesis proposes a strategic methodology, referred to as the living envelope methodology, for the generation of design concepts. The proposed methodology provides an exploration and investigation platform for architects. It assists channelling the way from technical challenges, defined by the demands on the living envelope, through functional aspects and various strategies found in nature. Furthermore, the proposed methodology provides several phases of categorizations that funnel at the end into a single imaginary organism/system, referred to as imaginary pinnacle, which has the successful dominant features of the desired living envelope. The various phases and sub-phases of the methodology facilitate the transitions between the various phases of the design process, with a special attention to the representation of biophysical information, identification and abstraction of principles, and their systematic selection. Systematic exploration models are developed for the biophysical information representation, and unique schemes and flow charts that provide user-friendly design tools are developed and presented. For the validation of the methodology and the assessment of its generality, four important environmental aspects that need to be managed by the building envelope are applied to the methodology: (1) air – to manage ventilation, which is required in order to provide high indoor air quality and to prevent air stagnation; (2) heat – to maintain a thermal comfort for the occupants; (3) water – to gain and make use of condensed water in arid areas; and (4) light – to provide a shading system with minimized undesired heat gain and maximized daylight. For each of the four aspects exemplary design concepts are successfully generated. It is worth noting that the aim of investigating these environmental aspects is not to provide detailed design solutions; rather the presented examples of the generated design concepts examine the generality of the implementation of the methodology. In order to further assess the generality of the proposed methodology, a qualitative example that combines all four environmental aspects is introduced. The results of the exemplary design concepts show the advantage of the proposed living envelope methodology. The methodology is capable to generate design concepts with specified initial challenge set by the user (architect). Moreover, the design cases open new perspectives for new possible technical solutions for building envelopes, and the potential to realize a new class of innovation and lay a functional foundation in architecture: a bio-inspired, climatically oriented, and environmentally conscious.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a population-based design tool that utilizes the magnetic equivalent circuit model and solution technique was developed to enable rapid calculation of the performance of wound-rotor synchronous machines.
Abstract: In recent research, a new magnetic equivalent circuit model and solution technique were developed to enable rapid calculation of the performance of wound-rotor synchronous machines. Herein, the development of a population-based design tool that utilizes the MEC is first described. The design tool is then applied to perform multiobjective optimization of a 2-kW portable power generator. Validation has been achieved through construction of a machine that was selected from the Pareto-optimal front (POF) of mass versus loss. Comparisons are made between designed and measured torque (instantaneous and average), open-circuit voltage, efficiency, and q- and d-axis flux linkages. This comparison is done in light of observations that the anhysteretic BH curve for the steel material obtained prior to and subsequent to machine construction have significant differences. Despite the variance, the measured and expected performances match reasonably well. Finally, an analysis of the machines on the POF is used to shed light on several interesting trends in design variables.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An intelligent computer-aided design tool is provided, thus facilitating the task of seeking for the optimal portal frame, which is geometrically and structurally feasible, and cost-effective and outperforms the current portal frames design methods by decreasing construction time and costs.
Abstract: Highlights? We model the design process of complex railway electrification structures. ? We provide ontology and rules to model railway engineers knowledge. ? Increasing automation will increase infrastructure quality and will reduce design and construction costs. ? Our tool reduces design time from days to minutes, getting optimized structures compliant with railway normative. Electrification structures design for railway systems is a crucial and complex process, since it compounds plenty of infrastructure elements, design decisions, and calculation conditions. In this paper, an ontology-driven decision support system for designing complex railway portal frames is presented and developed. A knowledge-rules database has been also developed relying on experts knowledge and complying with railway standards. Our system outperforms the current portal frames design methods by decreasing construction time and costs. As a result, an intelligent computer-aided design tool is provided, thus facilitating the task of seeking for the optimal portal frame, which is geometrically and structurally feasible, and cost-effective.

36 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: An integrated optimization procedure with the objective of minimizing the self-weight of real size structures is performed interfacing SAP2000 and MATLAB ® softwares in the form of parallel computing, showing that the proposed method is effective in optimizing practical structures.
Abstract: Different kinds of meta-heuristi c algorithms have been recently utilized to overcome the complex nature of optimum design of structures. In this paper, an integrated optimization procedure with the objective of minimizing the self-weight of real size structures is simply performed interfacing SAP2000 and MATLAB ® softwares in the form of parallel computing. The meta-heuristic algorithm chosen here is Cuckoo Search (CS) recently developed as a type of population based algorithm inspired by the behavior of some Cuckoo species in combination with the Levy flight behavior. The CS algorithm performs suitable selection of sections from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) wide-flange (W) shapes list. Strength constraints of the AISC load and resistance factor design specification, geometric limitations and displacement constraints are imposed on frames. Effective time-saving procedure using simple parallel computing, as well as utilizing reliable analysis and design tool are also some new features of the present study. The results show that the proposed method is effective in optimizing practical structures.

36 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Sep 2012
TL;DR: The overall GeoMACH architecture is described, including a proposed method for streamlined data transfer between disciplines, and the efficient and lightweight B-spline engine is introduced as it forms the basis for the geometry-centric approach to MDAO.
Abstract: This paper presents GeoMACH: Geometry-centric MDAO of Aircraft Configurations with High fidelity. GeoMACH is an open-source aircraft design tool suite under development that is planned to support MDAO with a large number of design variables. First, the overall GeoMACH architecture is described, including a proposed method for streamlined data transfer between disciplines. GeoMACH’s efficient and lightweight B-spline engine is then introduced as it forms the basis for the geometry-centric approach to MDAO. Next, GeoMACH’s OML and structural modelers are presented, which provide parametric aircraft modeling tools that span a configuration-level design space. OMPUTATIONAL tools have undoubtedly had a profound influence on the commercial aircraft design process, but their full potential is far from realized. In terms of impact, design methods such as multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) have lagged behind analysis tools, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA), both of which are now well-integrated into practical aircraft design. CFD and FEA solvers improve with every advance in algorithms and hardware, enabling a more accurate prediction of the ‘perfect’ design; yet, equally important are the design methods and processes that use these tools to find that ‘perfect’ design.

33 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The different penetrations impact of renewable energy on NPC, fuel consumption and capacity of system components are investigated, which shows that proposed method can result in significant cost saving and fuel consumption decreasing because of the availability of system component in the case of high penetration.
Abstract: Considering the operation constraints of main equipments, this paper addresses an optimization design and coordinated operation control strategy for an islanded microgrid including wind generator, photovoltaic, diesel generator and energy storage (Wind-PV-DG-ESS). The primary design objectives of this strategy are: (i) to guarantee the long-term operation stability of the islanded microgrid; (ii) prolong the service life of energy storage batteries; (iii)and make full use of the renewable energy. It also includes an optimization design method aiming to minimize the net present cost (NPC) associated with the full life cycle. A traversal algorithm based on renewable resources penetration is implemented for optimal sizing of distributed power supply and the capacity of energy storage system for testing system. The microgrid optimization design tool named QSOT-MG developed independently is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and optimization design method through simulation results comparison with the diesel-based only system. The different penetrations impact of renewable energy on NPC, fuel consumption and capacity of system components are investigated, which shows that proposed method can result in significant cost saving and fuel consumption decreasing because of the availability of system components in the case of high penetration.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A practical theory of micro-solar power systems is developed that is materialized in a simulation suite that models component and system behavior over a long time scale and in an external environment that depends on time, location, weather, and local variations.
Abstract: Building a micro-solar power system is challenging because it must address long-term system behavior under highly variable solar energy and consider a large design space. We develop a practical theory of micro-solar power systems that is materialized in a simulation suite that models component and system behavior over a long time scale and in an external environment that depends on time, location, weather, and local variations. This simulation provides sufficient accuracy to guide specific design choices in a large design space. Unlike the many macro-solar calculators, this design tool models detailed behavior of milliwatt systems in the worst conditions, rather than typical behavior of kilowatt systems in the best conditions. Our simulation suite is validated with a concrete design of micro-solar power systems, the HydroWatch node. With our simulation suite, micro-solar power systems can be designed in a systematic fashion. Putting the model and empirical vehicle together, the design choices in each component of a micro-solar power system are studied to reach a deployable candidate. The deployment is evaluated by analyzing the effects of different solar profiles across the network. The analysis from the deployment can be used to refine the next system-design iteration.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a methodology to design three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors is presented based on a simple geometrical approach and self-consistent equations, without any use of empirical/corrective coefficients.
Abstract: A methodology to design three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors is presented. The main aim of the study is the preliminary electromagnetic sizing of the machine, obtaining the machine overall dimensions (diameters, core axial length and rough stator and rotor shape) and a draft of the stator winding specifications (turn number and wire area). The procedure is based on a simple geometrical approach and self-consistent equations, without any use of empirical/corrective coefficients. In the proposed design tool, the machine geometrical dimensions are automatically computed starting from a few design specifications imposed by the user, such as rated voltage and torque and electric and magnetic material solicitations. In this study, the design procedures and algorithms are described step-by-step and, for each step, the used equations are reported in detail, in order to allow readers to develop own `do-it-yourself` software for induction motor electromagnetic design. The authors developed this software in a Microsoft Excel electronic sheet using embedded Visual Basic for Applications. To prove the goodness and accuracy of the proposed design tool, a comparison with two commercial software for electrical machine design and analysis has been done and discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The C-GEN generator as discussed by the authors is a permanent magnet generator aimed at reducing overall system mass in direct drive power takeoff applications, which requires the combination of electromagnetic, structural and thermal models.
Abstract: The C-GEN is a novel permanent magnet generator aimed at reducing overall system mass in direct drive power takeoff applications. The design of a C-GEN generator requires the combination of electromagnetic, structural and thermal models. Models used in the development of design tools applicable to both rotary and linear C-GEN generators are described in this study. The design tool is verified with the experiment results obtained from a 15 kW prototype. A genetic optimisation algorithm is developed combining the analytical model with economical issues to search for most suitable designs for specific applications. Designs are presented using the optimisation design tool for two marine renewable applications: a wave device called Oyster developed by Aquamarine Power and a tidal current device developed by Scotrenewables.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The COMFEN tool as discussed by the authors provides access to the power of detailed simulation tools at a stage in design when little is known about the final building, but also when the freedom to explore options is greatest and the ability to improve the design is greatest.
Abstract: A new approach to the creation of design tools is proposed that addresses the real information needs of designers in the early stages of design of non-residential buildings. Traditional simplified design tools are typically too limited to be of much use, even in conceptual design. The proposal is to provide access to the power of detailed simulation tools at a stage in design when little is known about the final building, but at a stage also when the freedom to explore options is greatest and the ability to improve the design is greatest. The concept of the building performance sketch forms the basis of the proposed design tool. It was derived from consultation with design analysis teams as part of the development of the COMFEN tool for fenestration design. Tools like COMFEN are explored to understand how they were shaped by consultation and how requests from these teams for real-world relevance might shape such tools in the future. The simulation process can effectively utilize some of the as-built, as-o...

Journal ArticleDOI
Serdar Kucuk1
01 May 2012
TL;DR: A novel interactive simulation and design tool based on a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) is developed for the performance analysis of planar parallel manipulators (PPMs), which are a special group among the other parallel robot manipulators.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel interactive simulation and design tool based on a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) is developed for the performance analysis of planar parallel manipulators (PPMs), which are a special group among the other parallel robot manipulators. The novel simulation and design tool (SIDEP) for the performance analysis of PPMs provides a suite of analysis tools allowing forward and inverse kinematics, Jacobian matrices, workspaces and singularities to be analyzed in a straightforward manner. As a simulation and design tool, SIDEP allows researchers to change the parameters such as base and end-effector coordinates the side length of the equilateral triangle moving platform and link lengths in order to interactively design their manipulators. The three-degree-of-freedom RRR and RPR PPMs are given as examples to illustrate the simulation and design principles of SIDEP.

Journal ArticleDOI
E Flores1, L Bornard1, L Tomas1, J Liu1, M Couston1 
26 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the design of the spiral case, the tandem cascade profiles, the runner and the draft tube are designed with optimization loops involving a blade design tool, an automatic meshing software and a Navier-Stokes solver, piloted by a genetic algorithm.
Abstract: Among a high number of Francis turbine references all over the world, covering the whole market range of heads, Alstom has especially been involved in the development and equipment of the largest power plants in the world : Three Gorges (China −32×767 MW - 61 to 113 m), Itaipu (Brazil- 20x750 MW - 98.7m to 127m) and Xiangjiaba (China - 8x812 MW - 82.5m to 113.6m - in erection). Many new projects are under study to equip new power plants with Francis turbines in order to answer an increasing demand of renewable energy. In this context, Alstom Hydro is carrying out many developments to answer those needs, especially for jumbo units such the planned 1GW type units in China. The turbine design for such units requires specific care by using the state of the art in computation methods and the latest technologies in model testing as well as the maximum feedback from operation of Jumbo plants already in operation. We present in this paper how a large Francis turbine can be designed using specific design methods, including the global and local optimization methods. The design of the spiral case, the tandem cascade profiles, the runner and the draft tube are designed with optimization loops involving a blade design tool, an automatic meshing software and a Navier-Stokes solver, piloted by a genetic algorithm. These automated optimization methods, presented in different papers over the last decade, are nowadays widely used, thanks to the growing computation capacity of the HPC clusters: the intensive use of such optimization methods at the turbine design stage allows to reach very high level of performances, while the hydraulic flow characteristics are carefully studied over the whole water passage to avoid any unexpected hydraulic phenomena.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Jul 2012
TL;DR: ToPoliNano is the first real design tool that tackles the top down design of a circuit based on emerging technologies, in terms of logic behavior, power and timing performance, area and layout constraints, on the basis of specific technological and topological descriptions.
Abstract: Many facts about emerging nanotechnologies are yet to be assessed. There are still major concerns, for instance, about maximum achievable device density, or about which architecture is best fit for a specific application. Growing complexity requires taking into account many aspects of technology, application and architecture at the same time. Researchers face problems that are not new per se, but are now subject to very different constraints, that need to be captured by design tools. Among the emerging nanotechnologies, two-dimensional nanowire based arrays represent promising nanostructures, especially for massively parallel computing architectures. Few attempts have been done, aimed at giving the possibility to explore architectural solutions, deriving information from extensive and reliable nanoarray characterization. Moreover, in the nanotechnology arena there is still not a clear winner, so it is important to be able to target different technologies, not to miss the next big thing. We present a tool, ToPoliNano, that enables such a multi-technological characterization in terms of logic behavior, power and timing performance, area and layout constraints, on the basis of specific technological and topological descriptions. This tool can aid the design process, beside providing a comprehensive simulation framework for DC and timing simulations, and detailed power analysis. Design and simulation results will be shown for nanoarray-based circuits. ToPoliNano is the first real design tool that tackles the top down design of a circuit based on emerging technologies.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a general design method is described that can significantly reduce the effort needed for form finding grid shells consisting of flexible members based on particle-spring models for simulating the behaviour of a grid shell during construction.
Abstract: In this paper a general design method is described that can significantly reduce the effort needed for form finding grid shells consisting of flexible members. This design method is based on particle-spring models for simulating the behaviour of a grid shell during construction. Hereby, the stress limitations that follow from the material properties are taken into account to modify the grid shell geometry with a minimal deviation from a pre-defined target shape. It is demonstrated how a simple design tool can generate the geometry, internal forces and the support reactions with satisfactory accuracy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new solar design tool that can be used to optimize the building's shape and solar access in existing urban areas is presented, based on Matlab algorithm and on RADIANCE-DAYSIM, a dynamic simulation tool.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the case of a European fresh food manufacturer's approach to introduce a scalable modular production concept for an international two-stage gastronomy franchise system in order to identify best practice guidelines and to derive a framework for the design of distributed production systems that perform in a highly dynamic environment.
Abstract: The geographically distributed production of fresh food poses unique challenges to the production system design because of their stringent industry and logistics requirements. The purpose of this research is to examine the case of a European fresh food manufacturer's approach to introduce a scalable modular production concept for an international two-stage gastronomy franchise system in order to identify best practice guidelines and to derive a framework for the design of distributed production systems that perform in a highly dynamic environment. The design framework was developed by creating a theoretical model through literature review and the thorough analysis of an industrial case. Information was collected through multiple site visits, workshops and semi-structured interviews with the company's key staff of the project, as well as examination of relevant company documentations. By means of a scenario for the Central European market, the model was reviewed in terms of its development potential and finally approved for implementation. However, research through case survey requires further empirical investigation to fully establish this approach as a valid and reliable design tool.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a user friendly integrated design tool was developed and validated in order to provide a more tailored approach to designing low Reynolds number aircraft, based on a performance prediction that relies on a higher-order free wake potential flow aerodynamic code that employs viscous drag corrections.
Abstract: Anumerical design tool was developed that greatly facilitates the design process of small UAVs. The integrated approach of the method makes it highly suitable for the aerodynamic needs of such small aircraft. Traditional design tools and methodologies are typically tailored for the design of larger aircraft, such as for general aviation, whose aerodynamics generally exhibit more linear behaviors. Building on this motivation, a user friendly integrated design tool was developed and validated in order to provide a more tailored approach to designing low Reynolds number aircraft. At the heart of the tool is a performance prediction that relies on a higher-order free wake potential flow aerodynamic code that employs viscous drag corrections. Subsequently, the method provides accurate characteristics for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and aspect ratio wings. In a validation process, the flight performance results of the method are compared with the results of other prediction methods as well as with several ...

Book ChapterDOI
26 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In order for techniques from Model Driven Engineering to be accepted at large by the game industry, it is critical that the effectiveness and efficiency of these techniques are proven for game development.
Abstract: In order for techniques from Model Driven Engineering to be accepted at large by the game industry, it is critical that the effectiveness and efficiency of these techniques are proven for game development. There is no lack of game design models, but there is no model that has surfaced as an industry standard. Game designers are often reluctant to work with models: they argue these models do not help them design games and actually restrict their creativity. At the same time, the flexibility that model driven engineering allows seems a good fit for the fluidity of the game design process, while clearly defined, generic models can be used to develop automated design tools that increase the development's efficiency.

Book
04 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a tool set of micro-air vehicle (MAV) designs for conceptual design trades; validate the tool set using published experimental data; synthesize and model a prototype design using conceptual and empirical analysis; highlight MAV-specific design criteria and identify gaps in existing data for later research.
Abstract: : Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) are a subset of Unmanned Aircraft (UAS) that are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than manned systems. Near-Earth environments, such as forests, caves, tunnels and urban structures make reconnaissance, surveillance and search-and-rescue missions difficult and dangerous to accomplish. Therefore, MAVs are considered ideal for these types of missions. However, the data using full size aircraft is inadequate to characterize miniature aircraft parameters due to the lower Reynolds numbers and low aspect ratio (LAR) wings and impact of wing-propeller interactions. The main objectives of this research were to: collect and synthesize the available data/tools; create a statistically integrated database/tool set of MAV designs for conceptual design trades; validate the tool set using published experimental data; synthesize and model a prototype design using conceptual and empirical analysis; highlight MAV-specific design criteria and identify gaps in existing data for later research. The following design tools have constituted the starting point for creating a demonstration tool-set for MAV design: Digital DATCOM (aerodynamics), Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL) (stability and control), QPROP (propeller, motor, and energy requirement), MATLAB (various applications), Microsoft Excel (power/battery modeling) and Phoenix Integration ModelCenter (MC) as the executive control program (integration, sizing and trade studies). Validation cases were completed for the current level of the single-prop, fixed-wing design tool. A coaxial MAV prototype was evaluated and some parametric studies were conducted for QPROP performance.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
03 Jun 2012
TL;DR: Comparison of the proposed methodology in FEA tool simulations results with experimental and empirical formula results show good agreement, supporting method as a model-based design tool with the potential to considerably reduce the design-prototype-test cycle commonly needed with sophisticated magnetic designs.
Abstract: The power electronic inverter is an essential element of the photovoltaic systems as it converts the native direct-current (DC) from the photovoltaic cells into grid-compatible alternating current (AC), performs maximum power point tracking, and includes safety control and circuitry. Therefore performance, efficiency, and manufacturability are vitally important in the design, cost, and operation of the PV systems. Magnetic components such as inductors and transformers play a significant role in the efficiency and size/weight of inverter. They are also amongst the most difficult components to design, often requiring numerous design-build-test iterations. Accurate prediction and design of winding parasitic parameters of high frequency inductors in PV inverters is fundamental to improve performance, lower cost, and speed time to market. This paper presents a technique and method to analyze high frequency inductors in PV inverters with a FEA tool, and accurately determining parasitic winding capacitance of the high frequency inductors for use in PV inverters. Comparison of the proposed methodology in FEA tool simulations results with experimental and empirical formula results show good agreement, supporting method as a model-based design tool with the potential to considerably reduce the design-prototype-test cycle commonly needed with sophisticated magnetic designs.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the results of scale model testing completed at the Institute for Ocean Technology in St. John's, Newfoundland, with results produced from an equivalent system simulated in the time domain simulation software ProteusDS.
Abstract: Development of wave energy conversion systems may yield many key benefits for society such as the production of electrical power or fresh water for remote communities. However, complex ocean dynamics make it difficult for technology developers to not only address the stability and survivability of their systems, but also to establish energy conversion rates that are fundamental to proving economic viability. Building physical prototypes presents many challenges in terms of cost, accessible facilities, and time requirements. The use of accurate numerical modelling and computer simulation can help guide design and significantly reduce the number of physical prototype tests required and as a result play a primary role in the development of wave energy conversion systems that have to operate in challenging marine environments.SurfPower is an ocean wave energy converter (WEC) that converts wave motion into useful energy through surge and heave motion of a point absorber. The system pumps seawater into a high pressure hydraulic network that generates electricity via a turbine or freshwater via desalination at a facility onshore. The system is nonlinear due to the significant change in draft and mooring reaction load through the energy capture cycle of the device. This makes the use of nonlinear time domain simulation ideal for analysis and design of the system. Furthermore, utilizing a simplified nonlinear hydrodynamic model available in the time domain results in a practical early-stage design tool for system refinement.The focus of this work is to compare the results of scale model testing completed at the Institute for Ocean Technology in St. John’s, Newfoundland, with results produced from an equivalent system simulated in the time domain simulation software ProteusDS. The results give an assessment of the range of error that can be used to assess other experiments of the SurfPower WEC at full scale.Copyright © 2012 by ASME

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This application note offers system designers new techniques for efficient implementation of data routing logic that only requires HDL specification with the ISE® Design Suite or Vivado™ Design Suite to work.
Abstract: Introduction The FPGA is a computational and logic substrate with many concurrent switching activities. For example, in a wireline network routing system, the FPGA can have numerous wiring patterns between logic elements that are multiples of M:N. With the increasing need for high bandwidth, both M and N can be relatively large and, with M > N, this can lead to some significant multiplexing tasks having to be implemented. As a result, datapath routing across Spartan®-6 FPGAs, Virtex®-6 FPGAs, and 7 series FPGAs is a fundamental part of system design. Effort beyond synthesis is sometimes required to ensure that an FPGA implementation meets the system goals, for example using the PlanAhead® design tool to lock down placement. As an additional approach, this application note offers system designers new techniques for efficient implementation of data routing logic that only requires HDL specification with the ISE® Design Suite or Vivado™ Design Suite to work. The techniques do two things concurrently to improve design closure. First, performance is improved by compacting more logic within slices, while using less general-purpose interconnect wire. Secondly, implementation with more-logic/less-wire increases the determinism of results, impacting other aspects of system design including reduced FPGA utilization and software runtimes for implementation. The path to achieving more efficient multiplexing and data routing is first understanding features of Spartan-6 FPGAs, Virtex-6 FPGAs, and 7 series FPGAs slice architecture not normally inferred with behavioral synthesis for routing logic. From this vantage point, practical techniques that are relatively simple allow large gains in terms of reduced resources and fewer wires-per-bit of M:N logic. This design illustrates several 2 N -wide multiplexers, binary-select multiplexers with size other than 2 N , alternative data selectors, and their implementation in FPGA. The techniques use basic elements (BELs) in the FPGA slice to form reusable cells that are easily modified for user requirements and placeable anywhere on the FPGA without user constraints.

Book
11 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The Computer Aided Design Guide for Architecture, Engineering and Construction provides an in-depth explanation of all the common CAD terms and tools used in the AEC sector with practical examples and step-by step guides.
Abstract: Recent years have seen major changes in the approach to Computer Aided Design (CAD) in the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) sector. CAD is increasingly becoming a standard design tool, facilitating lower development costs and a reduced design cycle. Not only does it allow a designer to model designs in two andthree dimensions but also to model other dimensions, such as time and cost into designs. Computer Aided Design Guide for Architecture, Engineering and Construction provides an in-depth explanation of all the common CAD terms and tools used in the AEC sector. It describes each approach to CAD with detailed analysis and practical examples. Analysis is provided of the strength and weaknesses of each application for all members of the project team, followed by review questions and further tasks. Coverage includes: 2D CAD 3D CAD 4D CAD nD modelling Building Information Modelling parametric design, virtual reality and other areas of future expansion. With practical examples and step-by step guides, this book is essential reading for students of design and construction, from undergraduate level onwards.

DOI
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The use of desktop virtual reality (VR) systems for enhancing electrical safety and engineering design is a novel prospect for both practicing and student electrical services engineers as mentioned in this paper, which can be readily accessed via the World Wide Web, constitutes a marked shift in conventional learning and design techniques to a more immersive, interactive and intuitive working and learning environment.
Abstract: The use of Desktop Virtual Reality (VR) systems for enhancing electrical safety and engineering design is a novel prospect for both practicing and student electrical services engineers. This innovative approach, which can be readily accessed via the World Wide Web, constitutes a marked shift in conventional learning and design techniques to a more immersive, interactive and intuitive working and learning environment. This paper initially identifies the unique characteristics of desktop web based VR technologies and highlights the educational affordances offered by working in such an environment. Subsequently, using a prototype model titled ‘Virtual Electrical Services’, a case study is carried out to evaluate the users’ attitudes toward VR learning environments and also the usability of the prototype model developed. From the completed case study, it appears that the users perceive the prototype to be a useful tool and are receptive to using VR as a learning and design tool. The paper includes a discussion on the limitations of the system developed and the implications for

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the application of topology optimisation as a constitutive design tool for design and form-finding of architectural concrete structures, and realisation of these designs using large scale CNC-milling of polystyrene form-work for in situ casting.
Abstract: This paper proposes the application of topology optimisation as a constitutive design tool for design and form-finding of architectural concrete structures, and realisation of these designs using large scale CNC-milling of polystyrene form-work for in situ casting.

DOI
20 Aug 2012
TL;DR: This paper presents a new approach to the development of health management solutions which can be applied to both new and legacy platforms during the conceptual design phase and involves the qualitative functional modelling of a system in order to perform an Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) design.
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to the development of health management solutions which can be applied to both new and legacy platforms during the conceptual design phase. The approach involves the qualitative functional modelling of a system in order to perform an Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) design – the placement of sensors and the diagnostic rules to be used in interrogating their output. The qualitative functional analysis was chosen as a route for early assessment of failures in complex systems. Functional models of system components are required for capturing the available system knowledge used during various stages of system and IVHM design. MADeTM (Maintenance Aware Design environment), a COTS software tool developed by PHM Technology, was used for the health management design. A model has been built incorporating the failure diagrams of five failure modes for five different components of a UAV fuel system. Thus an inherent health management solution for the system and the optimised sensor set solution have been defined. The automatically generated sensor set solution also contains a diagnostic rule set, which was validated on the fuel rig for different operation modes taking into account the predicted fault detection/isolation and ambiguity group coefficients. It was concluded that when using functional modelling, the IVHM design and the actual system design cannot be done in isolation. The functional approach requires permanent input from the system designer and reliability engineers in order to construct a functional model that will qualitatively represent the real system. In other words, the physical insight should not be isolated from the failure phenomena and the diagnostic analysis tools should be able to adequately capture the experience bases. This approach has been verified on a laboratory bench top test rig which can simulate a range of possible fuel system faults. The rig is fully instrumented in order to allow benchmarking of various sensing solution for fault detection/isolation that were identified using functional analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The robust model proposed provides a firm platform for active collaboration between designer and scientist in the production of comfortable and effective living and working spaces.
Abstract: Awareness of the science of appearance could help the designer to create and construct a more effective space—whether that consists of interiors, packaging, cityscapes or a plate of food. This article examines the current status of appearance science having direct application to the work of the practical designer using a vocabulary common to both disciplines. The way has been paved by the work of Shigenobu Kobayashi, of the Nippon Color and Design Research Institute, Paul Green-Armytage, a design teacher, and studies on food products and food consumption environments as well as on colour semantics studies of psychologists such as, for example, Lars Sivik and Charles Taft. The article is in two parts, appearance properties and expectations of the design and impact of the design. First, there is a brief account of the application of bipolar scales to quantify both the physical properties of the scene as well as our expectations of the scene and second, the quantification and understanding of scene impact. These techniques detail how individual elements of a designed space, such as materials, design and illumination contribute to specific desired aspects of the space. The robust model proposed provides a firm platform for active collaboration between designer and scientist in the production of comfortable and effective living and working spaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012