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Developmental plasticity

About: Developmental plasticity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103438 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies suggest that endogenous neurotrophins play a central role in the patterning of cortical connections and in cortical synaptic physiology, and these effects reflect independent cellular events, or are they manifestations of a single cellular mechanism central to developmental plasticity.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will revise the main features of non-pathological examples of reprogramming, and then the parallelisms with tumoral reprograming are described, to delineate how the precise knowledge of theReprogramming mechanisms offers the potential for the development of new therapeutical interventions.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that individuals become more stable, i.e. express less reversible plasticity, in risky exploratory behaviour when raised under high temperatures, suggesting a key role for temperature in affecting the ecological processes associated with risky behaviours in ectothermic species.
Abstract: Developmental plasticity “prepares” individuals to environments experienced during adulthood. Labile traits, such as behaviour, vary within and among individuals owing to (i) reversible plasticity and (ii) developmental plasticity and genetic make-up, respectively. Here, we test whether developmental environments affect the expression of both within- and among-individual variation in behaviour. In ectothermic species, low temperatures are associated with a reduced expression of behaviour and can also limit the expression of reversible plasticity and among-individual differentiation, for example, by restricting the expression of additive genetic variation. We focused on exploratory behaviour since activity-related behaviours are assumed to be temperature-dependent in ectotherms. Specifically, low temperatures can restrict the physiological machinery needed for movement. To test our predictions, we raised field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus, at low versus high temperatures throughout ontogeny and compared behavioural means and variance components (i.e. among- and within-individual variances) across treatments. We also compared the coefficients of variation for each variance component across treatments to assess whether environmental effects on variance were independent of the effects on mean behaviour. As predicted, individuals raised at high temperatures were more explorative and exhibited more among- and within-individual variance compared to individuals raised at low temperatures. Interestingly, individuals raised under high temperatures became more stable in their behaviour when controlling for treatment effects on average behaviour. Our results show experimentally that different developmental temperatures trigger different amounts of behavioural “stability” in exploratory behaviour, thereby suggesting a key role for temperature in affecting the ecological processes associated with exploratory behaviour in ectothermic species. Individuals differ relative to one another in their mean behavioural expression (i.e. “animal personality”), while, at the same time, individuals change their behaviour from one instance to the next (i.e. reversible plasticity). Expression of both above-mentioned components should strongly depend on environments experienced throughout ontogeny. Temperature represents a key environmental factor in most ectothermic animals as it directly affects the ability to express behaviour. Here, we experimentally test whether temperature experienced throughout ontogeny has permanent effects on the expression of individual differences and reversible plasticity in behaviour later in life. We show that individuals become more stable, i.e. express less reversible plasticity, in risky exploratory behaviour when raised under high temperatures. Our results thus suggest a key role for temperature in affecting the ecological processes associated with risky behaviours in ectothermic species.

24 citations

Reference EntryDOI
TL;DR: The latest empirical evidence for the hypothesized variability in developmental plasticity is reviewed and new research questions stimulated by the application of differential susceptibility reasoning to human development are discussed.
Abstract: The notion that developmental experiences and environmental exposures shape individual development is central to most theorizing about human development and implies that humans are generally characterized by developmental plasticity. Evolutionary-biological reasoning suggests that such plasticity in development carries substantial costs and in some cases increases the risk for maladaptive developmental outcomes. Consequently, application of evolutionary thinking to the phenomenon of developmental plasticity leads to the conclusion that individuals should vary in their degree of plasticity to balance associated risks and benefits. This notion has been conceptualized in the framework of differential susceptibility, which posits that some people are generally more susceptible to environmental influences than others. After presenting a detailed evolutionary rational for differential susceptibility, the latest empirical evidence for the hypothesized variability in developmental plasticity is reviewed before discussing new research questions stimulated by the application of differential susceptibility reasoning to human development. Keywords: developmental plasticity; differential susceptibility; diathesis–stress; vantage sensitivity; evolutionary psychology; vulnerability; GxE interaction

24 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Characteristic interdependencies of ocular dominance and orientation preference in visual cortex can be generated that demonstrate that synaptic changes involve a postsynaptic gating mechanism.
Abstract: During early postnatal development various response properties of single neurones can be changed in the cat's visual system. These modifications must be based on changes of synaptic efficacy and depend on neuronal activity. Rearing kittens with artificial astigmatism creates meridional amblyopia demonstrable on different levels of investigation. Characteristic interdependencies of ocular dominance and orientation preference in visual cortex can be generated that demonstrate that synaptic changes involve a postsynaptic gating mechanism. The same conclusion can be drawn from the results of monocular strobe rearing, which has differential effects on cells in different cortical laminae. Connectivity changes can be induced by rather brief stimulation, but need time for consolidation, as can be shown by reverse occlusion experiments. Deprivation effects may also act across sensory modality borders: auditory neurones in superior colliculus are found much more frequently after visual deprivation. Judging from the number of bimodal cells, synaptic competition may be less powerful here than in visual cortex.

24 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202316
202244
202172
202076
201953
201864