Topic
Developmental plasticity
About: Developmental plasticity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103438 citations.
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TL;DR: A synthesis of the multidisciplinary work on brain plasticity and behavior is sought to identify some general principles on how the brain changes in response to a wide range of experiences over the lifetime.
112 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that experience during the juvenile period may be critical in establishing the repertoire of connectional states available to the adult nervous system, and large-scale adaptive adjustments could be made, for example, by nondirected axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, followed by the selective activation of appropriate synapses.
112 citations
TL;DR: Novel quantal resolution imaging of transmission during locomotive behavior at glutamatergic synapses of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction finds that two motor input types, Ib and Is, provide distinct forms of excitatory drive during crawling and differ in key transmission properties.
112 citations
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that several mechanisms underlie homeostatic plasticity of excitatory synapses are reviewed, and identifying participant molecular players are identified.
Abstract: Brain development, sensory information processing, and learning and memory processes depend on Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, and on the remodeling and pruning of synaptic connections. Neurons in networks implicated in these processes carry out their functions while facing constant perturbation; homeostatic responses are therefore required to maintain neuronal activity within functional ranges for proper brain function. Here, we will review in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that several mechanisms underlie homeostatic plasticity of excitatory synapses, and identifying participant molecular players. Emerging evidence suggests a link between disrupted homeostatic synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders.
Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), induce long-lasting changes in synaptic strength, which can be destabilizing and drive activity to saturation. Conversely, homeostatic plasticity operates to compensate for prolonged activity changes, stabilizing neuronal firing within a dynamic physiological range. We review mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity, and address how neurons integrate distinct forms of plasticity for proper brain function.
This article is part of a mini review series: “Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases”.
112 citations
TL;DR: Evidence indicates a role for IGFs in brain plasticity processes by regulating synapse formation, neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability, and IGFs provide constant trophic support to target cells in the brain and in this way maintain appropriate neuronal function.
Abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are present in the brain throughout life. While their role as modulators of brain growth and differentiation during development is becoming apparent, their possible involvement in adult brain function is less known. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence indicates a role for IGFs in brain plasticity processes. Specifically, IGFs modulate synaptic efficacy by regulating synapse formation, neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. IGFs also provide constant trophic support to target cells in the brain and in this way maintain appropriate neuronal function. Pathological dearrangement of this trophic input may lead to brain disease. Molecular targets of the IGFs in the adult brain may include pre- and post-synaptic proteins involved in synaptic contacts, membrane channels, neurite-guiding molecules, extracellular matrix components and glial-derived intercellular messengers. Future studies on the role of IGFs in the adult brain may help unravel the relationship between neuronal plasticity and brain disease.
111 citations