Topic
Developmental plasticity
About: Developmental plasticity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 103438 citations.
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TL;DR: Evidence is provided that correlated binocular input is essential for recovery from monocular deprivation, and is a powerful demonstration of the importance of cooperative, associative mechanisms in the developing visual cortex.
Abstract: Monocular deprivation (MD) has much more rapid and severe effects on the ocular dominance of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) than does binocular deprivation1. This finding underlies the widely held hypothesis that the developmental plasticity of ocular dominance reflects competitive interactions for synaptic space between inputs from the two eyes2. According to this view, the relative levels of evoked activity in afferents representing the two eyes determine functional changes in response to altered visual experience. However, if the deprived eye of a monocularly deprived kitten is simply reopened, there is substantial physiological and behavioural recovery, leading to the suggestion that absolute activity levels, or some other non-competitive mechanisms, determine the degree of recovery from MD3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we provide evidence that correlated binocular input is essential for such recovery. Recovery is far less complete if the two eyes are misaligned after a period of MD. This is a powerful demonstration of the importance of cooperative, associative mechanisms in the developing visual cortex.
86 citations
TL;DR: This review examines the functional consequences of the induction of δFosB in particular neuronal populations as well as its possible role in behavioral abnormalities such as drug addiction and movement disorders.
Abstract: Numerous chronic perturbations have been shown to induce highly stable isoforms of the transcription factor deltaFosB in the brain in a region-specific manner. This review examines the functional consequences of the induction of deltaFosB in particular neuronal populations as well as its possible role in behavioral abnormalities such as drug addiction and movement disorders.
86 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on behavioral and neuronal evidence of lifespan differences in associative memory plasticity and plasticity of the functional organization of cognitive and cortical processes, as well as the role of the dopaminergic system in modulating such plasticity.
86 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that genetic differences among orangutan populations explain only very little of the geographic variation in behavior, whereas environmental differences explain much more, highlighting the importance of developmental plasticity.
86 citations
TL;DR: The expanding sphere of Th17 plasticity is discussed through its shared developmental axes with related cellular subsets such as Th22, Th1, and iTreg in the context of intestinal inflammation and also examines the molecular and epigenetic features of Th 17 cells that mediate these overlapping developmental programs.
Abstract: After emerging from the thymus, naive CD4+ T cells circulate through secondary lymphoid tissues, including gut associated lymphoid tissue of the intestine. The activation of naive CD4 T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) offering cognate antigen initiate differentiation programs that lead to the development of highly specialized T helper (Th) cell lineages. Although initially believed that developmental programing of effector T cells such as T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) resulted in irreversible commitment to a fixed fate, subsequent studies have demonstrated greater flexibility, or plasticity, in effector T cell stability than originally conceived. This is particularly so for the Th17 subset, differentiation of which is a highly dynamic process with overlapping developmental axes with inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg), T helper 22 (Th22) and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Accordingly, intermediary stages of Th17 cells are found in various tissues, which co-express lineage-specific transcription factor(s) or cytokine(s) of developmentally related CD4 T cell subsets. A highly specialized tissue like that of the intestine, which harbors the largest immune compartment of the body, adds several layers of complexity to the intricate process of T helper differentiation. Due to constant exposure to millions of commensal microbes, and periodic exposure to pathogens, the intestinal mucosa maintains a delicate balance between regulatory and effector T cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that equilibrium between tolerogenic and inflammatory axes is maintained in the intestine by shuttling the flexible genetic programming of a developing CD4 T cell along the developmental axis of iTreg, Th17, Th22 and Th1 subsets. Currently, Th17 plasticity remains an unresolved concern in the field of clinical research as targeting Th17 cells to cure immune-mediated disease might also target its related subsets. In this review, we discuss the expanding sphere of Th17 plasticity through its shared developmental axes with related cellular subsets like Th22, Th1, and iTreg in the context of intestinal inflammation and also examine the molecular and epigenetic features of Th17 cells that mediate these overlapping developmental programs.
86 citations