Diabetes management

About: Diabetes management is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6060 publications have been published within this topic receiving 164670 citations.

The psychometric properties of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract: This article summarizes the development and validation of a scale to measure the level of self-efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Self-efficacy is described as people's belief in their capability to organize and execute the course of action required to deal with prospective situations. This self-efficacy scale was developed based on the self-care activities these patients have to carry out in order to manage their diabetes. The following psychometric properties of this scale were established: content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and stability. The original scale contained 42 items. A panel of five experts in diabetes and four self-efficacy experts evaluated the original scale two times for relevance and clarity. This content validity procedure resulted in a final scale which consisted of 20 items. Subsequently, patients with type 2 diabetes were asked to complete this 20-item scale and further tests were done with the 94 usable responses. Factor analysis identified four factors, all of which were related to clusters of self-care activities used to manage diabetes which comprised this scale. The internal consistency of the total scale was alpha=0.81 and the test-retest reliability with a 5-week time interval was r=0.79 (P < 0.001).

Major developments in behavioral diabetes research.

Abstract: Over the past decade, there has been a major increase in behavioral diabetes research. This review focuses on 6 areas: self-treatment, psychosocial impact, diabetes-specific assessment, psychological stress, weight loss intervention, and neuropsychological effects. There has been great progress in identifying factors that predict self-treatment behaviors and psychological adjustment. This research has produced a number of diabetes-specific assessment tools. Psychological stress appears to affect both the etiology and the control of diabetes, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Weight loss studies demonstrate the potential benefits of behavioral interventions for diabetes management. Both acute and chronic abnormalities in diabetic blood glucose cause neuropsychological impairments and may cause permanent deficits. The challenge for the next decade is to translate these findings into interventions that improve quality of life and physical well-being for individuals with diabetes.

Intelligible Support Vector Machines for Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and a major public health challenge worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there are currently 246 million diabetic people worldwide, and this number is expected to rise to 380 million by 2025. Furthermore, 3.8 million deaths are attributable to diabetes complications each year. It has been shown that 80% of type 2 diabetes complications can be prevented or delayed by early identification of people at risk. In this context, several data mining and machine learning methods have been used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of diabetes. In this paper, we propose utilizing support vector machines (SVMs) for the diagnosis of diabetes. In particular, we use an additional explanation module, which turns the “black box” model of an SVM into an intelligible representation of the SVM's diagnostic (classification) decision. Results on a real-life diabetes dataset show that intelligible SVMs provide a promising tool for the prediction of diabetes, where a comprehensible ruleset have been generated, with prediction accuracy of 94%, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 94%. Furthermore, the extracted rules are medically sound and agree with the outcome of relevant medical studies.

A Tale of Two Compartments: Interstitial Versus Blood Glucose Monitoring

Abstract: Self-monitoring of blood glucose was described as one of the most important advancements in diabetes management since the invention of insulin in 1920. Recent advances in glucose sensor technology for measuring interstitial glucose concentrations have challenged the dominance of glucose meters in diabetes management, while raising questions about the relationships between interstitial and blood glucose levels. This article will review the differences between interstitial and blood glucose and some of the challenges in measuring interstitial glucose levels accurately.

Deviation from Developmentally Appropriate Self-Care Autonomy: Association with diabetes outcomes

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Treatment of IDDM in youth emphasized balancing children9s self-care autonomy with their psychological maturity. However, few data exist to guide clinicians or parents, and little is known about correlates of deviations from this ideal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, IDDM self-care autonomy of 100 youth was assessed using two well-validated measures. Three measures of psychological maturity (cognitive function, social-cognitive development, and academic achievement) were also collected for each child. Composite indexes of self-care autonomy and of psychological maturity were formed, and the ratio of the self-care autonomy index to the psychological maturity index quantified each child9s deviation from developmentally appropriate IDDM self-care autonomy. Based on these scores, participants were categorized as exhibiting constrained (lower tertile), appropriate (middle tertile), or excessive (higher tertile) self-care autonomy. Between-group differences in treatment adherence, diabetes knowledge, glycemic control, and hospitalization rates were explored. RESULTS Analysis of covariance controlling for age revealed that the excessive self-care autonomy group demonstrated less favorable treatment adherence, diabetes knowledge, hospitalization rates, and, marginally, glycemic control. Excessive self-care autonomy increased with age and was less common among intact two-parent families but was unrelated to other demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate caution about encouragement of maximal self-care autonomy among youth with IDDM and suggest that families who succeed in maintaining parental involvement in diabetes management may have better outcomes.