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Diamond

About: Diamond is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56028 publications have been published within this topic receiving 925125 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the physical and chemical properties of Boron-Doped Diamond for Electrochemistry as well as a mechanistic analysis of the properties of the diamond itself and some of its applications.
Abstract: 3.6.1. Polishing and Cleaning 2663 3.6.2. Vacuum and Heat Treatments 2664 3.6.3. Carbon Electrode Activation 2665 3.7. Summary and Generalizations 2666 4. Advanced Carbon Electrode Materials 2666 4.1. Microfabricated Carbon Thin Films 2666 4.2. Boron-Doped Diamond for Electrochemistry 2668 4.3. Fibers and Nanotubes 2669 4.4. Carbon Composite Electrodes 2674 5. Carbon Surface Modification 2675 5.1. Diazonium Ion Reduction 2675 5.2. Thermal and Photochemical Modifications 2679 5.3. Amine and Carboxylate Oxidation 2680 5.4. Modification by “Click” Chemistry 2681 6. Synopsis and Outlook 2681 7. Acknowledgments 2682 8. References 2682

2,240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Oct 2008-Nature
TL;DR: An approach to nanoscale magnetic sensing is experimentally demonstrated, using coherent manipulation of an individual electronic spin qubit associated with a nitrogen-vacancy impurity in diamond at room temperature to achieve detection of 3 nT magnetic fields at kilohertz frequencies after 100 s of averaging.
Abstract: Detection of weak magnetic fields with nanoscale spatial resolution is an outstanding problem in the biological and physical sciences. For example, at a distance of 10 nm, the spin of a single electron produces a magnetic field of about 1 muT, and the corresponding field from a single proton is a few nanoteslas. A sensor able to detect such magnetic fields with nanometre spatial resolution would enable powerful applications, ranging from the detection of magnetic resonance signals from individual electron or nuclear spins in complex biological molecules to readout of classical or quantum bits of information encoded in an electron or nuclear spin memory. Here we experimentally demonstrate an approach to such nanoscale magnetic sensing, using coherent manipulation of an individual electronic spin qubit associated with a nitrogen-vacancy impurity in diamond at room temperature. Using an ultra-pure diamond sample, we achieve detection of 3 nT magnetic fields at kilohertz frequencies after 100 s of averaging. In addition, we demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.5 muT Hz(-1/2) for a diamond nanocrystal with a diameter of 30 nm.

1,817 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Oct 2008-Nature
TL;DR: This work shows how magneto-optical spin detection can be used to determine the location of a spin associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond with nanometre resolution under ambient conditions, and demonstrates the use of a single diamond spin as a scanning probe magnetometer to map nanoscale magnetic field variations.
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging and optical microscopy are key technologies in the life sciences. For microbiological studies, especially of the inner workings of single cells, optical microscopy is normally used because it easily achieves resolution close to the optical wavelength. But in conventional microscopy, diffraction limits the resolution to about half the wavelength. Recently, it was shown that this limit can be partly overcome by nonlinear imaging techniques, but there is still a barrier to reaching the molecular scale. In contrast, in magnetic resonance imaging the spatial resolution is not determined by diffraction; rather, it is limited by magnetic field sensitivity, and so can in principle go well below the optical wavelength. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging has recently been improved enough to image single cells, and magnetic resonance force microscopy has succeeded in detecting single electrons and small nuclear spin ensembles. However, this technique currently requires cryogenic temperatures, which limit most potential biological applications. Alternatively, single-electron spin states can be detected optically, even at room temperature in some systems. Here we show how magneto-optical spin detection can be used to determine the location of a spin associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond with nanometre resolution under ambient conditions. By placing these nitrogen-vacancy spins in functionalized diamond nanocrystals, biologically specific magnetofluorescent spin markers can be produced. Significantly, we show that this nanometre-scale resolution can be achieved without any probes located closer than typical cell dimensions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a single diamond spin as a scanning probe magnetometer to map nanoscale magnetic field variations. The potential impact of single-spin imaging at room temperature is far-reaching. It could lead to the capability to probe biologically relevant spins in living cells.

1,814 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Here, it is demonstrated the synthesis and application of ultrapure isotopically controlled single-crystal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond with a remarkably low concentration of paramagnetic impurities, and single electron spins show the longest room-temperature spin dephasing times ever observed in solid-state systems.
Abstract: As quantum mechanics ventures into the world of applications and engineering, materials science faces the necessity to design matter to quantum grade purity. For such materials, quantum effects define their physical behaviour and open completely new (quantum) perspectives for applications. Carbon-based materials are particularly good examples, highlighted by the fascinating quantum properties of, for example, nanotubes or graphene. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and application of ultrapure isotopically controlled single-crystal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond with a remarkably low concentration of paramagnetic impurities. The content of nuclear spins associated with the (13)C isotope was depleted to 0.3% and the concentration of other paramagnetic defects was measured to be <10(13) cm(-3). Being placed in such a spin-free lattice, single electron spins show the longest room-temperature spin dephasing times ever observed in solid-state systems (T2=1.8 ms). This benchmark will potentially allow observation of coherent coupling between spins separated by a few tens of nanometres, making it a versatile material for room-temperature quantum information processing devices. We also show that single electron spins in the same isotopically engineered CVD diamond can be used to detect external magnetic fields with a sensitivity reaching 4 nT Hz(-1/2) and subnanometre spatial resolution.

1,751 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of diamond impurity centres as magnetic field sensors is explored, promising a new approach to single-spin detection and magnetic-field imaging at the nanoscale.
Abstract: Impurity centres in diamond have recently attracted attention in the context of quantum information processing. Now their use as magnetic-field sensors is explored, promising a fresh approach to single-spin detection and magnetic-field imaging at the nanoscale.

1,691 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20231,364
20222,759
20211,432
20201,913
20192,280