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Showing papers on "Dielectric resonator antenna published in 2022"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of recent applications of characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to innovative antenna element designs, including multiport, circularly polarized, wideband, reconfigurable, and dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), is provided.
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of recent applications of characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to innovative antenna element designs, including multiport, circularly polarized, wideband, reconfigurable, and dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs). Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of the characteristic modes (CMs) for those unfamiliar with the method and physical insights gained from the characteristic eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an antenna. In addition, we review CMA-based design strategies and specific design examples that highlight the application of CMA to various types of antennas. Ultimately, this article seeks to demonstrate the value of CMA-based design insights for antenna engineering and look toward promising new research directions for CMA and antenna research.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022-Optik
TL;DR: In this article , a terahertz (THz) dual-band circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator (DRA) antenna is numerically analyzed and implemented.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a Roman Three shaped conformal metal strip excited through a singly fed mechanism was proposed to achieve a narrow 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 10.68% and axial ratio bandwidth of just 1.47% for the sub-6 GHz 5G NR bands.
Abstract: In this Research article, a circularly polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) that operates in the sub-6 GHz spectrum for future 5G New Radio (5G NR) applications has been proposed. The novel design consists of a Roman Three shaped conformal metal strip excited through a singly fed mechanism. The proposed technique is responsible for circular polarization by exciting the higher-order degenerate modes, i.e., TExδ13 and TEy1δ3.Initially, the roman three shape design produces a narrow 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 10.68% (3.23–3.59 GHz) and axial ratio bandwidth of just 1.47% (3.35–3.41 GHz); to cover the whole 5G NR Bands (n77/n78), the parasitic patch has been introducing at an optimum location on rectangular DRA, such arrangement not only improves impedance matching |S11 | ≤ −10 dB bandwidth by 180 %, i.e., 27.73% (3.26 – 4.35 GHz) but also cover the desired band. Along with this, a noteworthy improvement of ∼ 250% in 3-dB overlapping axial ratio (AR) bandwidth has been attained. In parallel to the Sub-6 GHz 5G NR Bands applications, this antenna can be used for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) applications. Finally, the fabricated antenna prototype is tested and offers decent performance in desired parameters. The measured results agree reasonably with simulation results.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , an aperture coupled terahertz rectangular dielectric resonator antenna operating with the fundamental magnetic dipole is designed, where the modal field distribution is perturbed using the material-perturbation technique and the electric field vectors are aligned in the horizontal plane with their orthogonal components having quadrature phase difference between them.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna is designed and fabricated using Y3Mg0.9Mn0.1Al3SiO12 (x = 0.1) sintered at 1575 °C for 5h.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Jan 2022-Frequenz
TL;DR: In this article , a two port circularly polarized (CP) MIMO Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) with Quad-band response is designed for terahertz (THz) applications.
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, a two port circularly polarized (CP) MIMO Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) with Quad-band response is designed for terahertz (THz) applications. This antenna is new since MIMO DRA antennas in the THz frequency range have never been described before. Also, by the varying graphene potential of the antenna, isolation between the two antennas is increased and CP tuning can be achieved which is another unique feature of this proposed antenna at THz region. The proposed DRA generates two higher order modes (HEM11δ and HEM12δ). The 3 dB Axial Ratio Bandwidth (ARBW) of 8.22, 2.48, 3.67 and 5.67% is achieved at four resonant frequencies. Various MIMO performance parameters are evaluated and these parameters are within acceptable limits. Advantages of the proposed design are quad response, higher order modes generation, CP tuning and good isolation between the ports. The tunability of graphene material allows it to provide CP responses in the frequency region that is most useful in biomedical applications. The use of a CP antenna in a THz biomedical application can improve system sensitivity by reducing polarisation losses and aligning them. All these features make the proposed MIMO DRA potentially suitable for THz applications.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a single-fed dual-band circular polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for dual-function communication, such as GPS and WLAN, was made.
Abstract: In this research article, a single-fed dual-band circular polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for dual-function communication, such as GPS and WLAN, was made. Initially, the proposed design process was initiated by designing a linearly polarized singly fed-DRA. To attain CP fields, the cross-shape conformal metal strip was optimized to excite the fundamental and the high-order mode in the two frequency bands. The metallic strip (parasitic) was utilized on top of the rectangular DRA to improve and widen the impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. This step led to a 2.73% improvement on the lower band and an impact of 6.5% on the upper band while on the other side a significant improvement was witnessed in the AR bandwidth in both frequency bands. A prototype was designed and fabricated in order to validate its operations. The measurement outcomes of the proposed antennas authenticated wideband impedance bandwidths of 6.4% and 25.26%, and 3-dB axial ratios (AR) of 21.26% and 27.82% respectively. The prototype is a decent candidate for a global positioning system (GPS) and wireless local area network (WLAN).

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a singly-fed circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for MIMO and 5G Sub 6 GHz applications is described. But the antenna is not designed for outdoor applications.
Abstract: This paper describes a singly-fed circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for MIMO and 5G Sub 6 GHz applications. Circular polarization was achieved for both ports using a novel-shaped conformal metal strip. To improve the isolation between the radiators, a “S” shaped defective ground plane structure (DGPS) was used. In order to authenticate the estimated findings, a prototype of the suggested radiator was built and tested experimentally. Over the desired band, i.e., 3.57–4.48 GHz, a fractional impedance bandwidth of roughly 36.63 percent (−10 dB as reference) was reached. Parallel axial ratio bandwidth of 28.33 percent is achieved, which is in conjunction with impedance matching bandwidth. Between the ports, isolation of −28 dB is achieved Gain and other far-field parameters are also calculated and found to be within their optimum limits

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-band circular polarized (CP) hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) with gain enhancement is presented, which is achieved by cutting four corners along the DRA diagonal and adding a metal strip on the corner.
Abstract: This paper presents a dual-band circular polarized (CP) hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) with gain enhancement. The fundamental TE111 mode and high-order TE113 mode are excited by the orthogonal CPs in the two frequency bands. This is achieved by cutting four corners along the DRA diagonal and adding a metal strip on the corner. The DRA design procedure is presented to verify its operations. The gain improvement is achieved by loading the water on the top of DRA. This leads to a 1.32 dB improvement on the upper band and have no impact on the lower band. The proposed DRA is fabricated and measured. The results verify its dual-band CP operation at 1.58 GHz (left-hand) and 2.40 GHz (right-band). Two bandwidths of the lower band and upper bands are 20.52% and 21.72%, respectively. The gain improvement is verified from the measurement on both states. The proposed HDRA can be applied for the dual-function communications such as GPS and WLAN.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed rectangular-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for application in the D-band frequency regime.
Abstract: — A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed rectangular-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for application in the D - Band frequency regime. The Dielectric Resonator (DR) is designed to operate in higher order modes. A rectangular-shaped narrow slot is used to excite the DR element, leading to multiple resonances. The resulting structure is a multi-resonant antenna operating at six frequencies at 123.64 GHz, 125.76 GHz, 127.4 GHz, 129.9 GHz, 134.9 GHz and 137.7 GHz frequencies. These are identified as TE 10δ1 , TE 7δ5 , TE δ31 , TE δ25, TE δ31 and TE δ35 modes of operation of the resonator, respectively. These resonances are merged to achieve a -10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging between 122.58 GHz and 139.51 GHz, equivalent to 13.4% at a center frequency of 125.76 GHz. Moreover, the antenna possesses a stable radiation pattern in the broadband direction, across the entire frequency band of operation. Simulation results show that the antenna has a peak gain of 12.3 dBi, maximum directivity of 13.14 dBi and maximum efficiency of 84% at a frequency of 126 GHz. Simulated results show that the proposed design has potential and suitability for utilization in future wireless communications.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a differentially fed duplex filtering dielectric resonator antenna (DFDRA) is proposed, which combines the functions of the duplexer, the filter and the antenna into one highly integrated multifunctional module.
Abstract: A differentially fed duplex filtering dielectric resonator antenna (DFDRA) is proposed. This DFDRA combines the functions of the duplexer, the filter and the antenna into one highly integrated multifunctional module. A dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity working as the common feeding structure operates at two orthogonal modes at the lower and higher channel and is differentially fed by two pairs of differential input ports. The DRA working as the common radiation element operates at two orthogonal modes at two channels respectively and is excited by two cross slots etched on the top of the SIW cavity. High-isolation between the two channels is realized due to the two pairs of orthogonal operating modes of the DRA and SIW cavity. Measured results show that the balanced DFDRA can operate with differential mode 10dB impedance bandwidth of 2.7% (5.07-5.21 GHz) and 2.6% (5.72–5.87 GHz), the peak realized gains of 4.6-4.9 dBi and 4.8-5.1 dBi for two channels respectively. The isolation between the lower and higher channels is greater than 75dB. Good common mode suppression is realized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a circularly polarised dielectric resonator-based MIMO filtering antenna is designed and analyzed, which combines the combination of circular polarisation characteristics with filtering response at mm-wave.
Abstract: In this paper, a circularly polarised dielectric resonator-based MIMO filtering antenna is designed and analyzed. The unique feature of the proposed antenna is the combination of circular polarisation characteristics with filtering response at mm-wave. Cylindrical ceramic excited by asymmetrical plus-shaped slot provides two important characteristics: (a) generate dual orthogonal degenerated mode with 900 phase shifts in between 27.0 GHz and 27.33 GHz; and (b) produce the radiation nulls at 25.5 and 27.75 GHz respectively. Two identical ports are placed orthogonally to provide the lesser mutual coupling i.e. approx. −30 dB. Experimental outcomes confirm the operating band of the proposed antenna from 25.5 GHz to 27.79 GHz. In between the operating frequency range, the proposed radiator provides broadside radiation characteristics due to the creation of mode. The peak gain of the proposed antenna is about 5.0 dBi. Diversity parameters (such as ECC, DG, and TARC) are within satisfactory limits. All these properties of the proposed radiator make it fit for a 5G communication system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a 3-D-printed wideband circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with two printing materials is investigated, which has a multilayer comb-shaped structure at its top for generating CP fields.
Abstract: A new 3-D-printed wideband circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with two printing materials is investigated. The DRA has a multilayer comb-shaped structure at its top for generating CP fields. Three dielectric strips are embedded inside the DRA body to support multiple transverse-electric (TE) DRA modes to widen the DRA bandwidth. To slightly improve the axial-ratio (AR) performance, the DRA is twisted in the horizontal plane. For demonstration, a prototype operating in C-band was designed and printed with two different materials. The reflection coefficient, AR, radiation pattern, antenna gain, and efficiency of the antenna are measured, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed. The prototype has a measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 69.7% (4.80–9.94 GHz) and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 68.6% (4.52–9.24 GHz), achieving a wide overlapping bandwidth of 63.2% (4.80–9.24 GHz). Both the AR and overlapping bandwidths are record-high for a single-fed CP DRA. The prototype has a measured peak antenna gain of 8.3 dBic inside the overlapped passband.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a novel synthesis design method is proposed for designing a wideband filtering dielectric resonator antenna (FDRA) using multimode resonators (MMRs).
Abstract: In this communication, a novel synthesis design method is proposed for designing a wideband filtering dielectric resonator antenna (FDRA) using multimode resonators (MMRs). To start with, the proposed FDRA composed of a tri-mode stub-loaded resonator as the feeding network and a rectangular dual-mode dielectric resonator (DR) as the radiator is introduced. Then, an exact synthesis and design procedure is proposed for facilitating to design this FDRA. Following that, an appropriate coupling topology is selected to allocate a composite quintuple-mode resonator to achieve a wideband operation for this FDRA. Finally, for an experimental verification, a prototype of the FDRA is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulation and measurement results are in well accordance with each other, showing a good filtering performance from 2.2 to 3.1 GHz, an average gain of 9.1 dBi, and good out-of-band suppression.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a novel pattern-reconfigurable dielectric resonator (DR) antenna with end-fire beam-scanning feature is proposed, which consists of a DR, a switchable director with 10 p-i-n diodes, and a differential feeding structure.
Abstract: A novel pattern-reconfigurable dielectric resonator (DR) antenna with endfire beam-scanning feature is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a DR, a switchable director with 10 p-i-n diodes, and a differential feeding structure. The differential-fed DR operating in TE 01δ mode can provide a primary endfire pattern with wide beam. Based on this, a large-coverage beam-scanning performance can be obtained by introducing a switchable director placed in front of the DR. A prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the proposed design. By switching the p-i-n diodes of the switchable director, the proposed antenna enables a near-continuous beam scanning from −48° to +48° in the azimuth plane with a gain fluctuation of less than 0.5 dB. Besides, the 3 dB scanning coverage is up to 164° (from −82° to +82°), which shows good beam-scanning performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a substrate integrated differential cavity-backed dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a wide bandwidth, low profile, high isolation, and improved gain is presented.
Abstract: A substrate integrated differential cavity-backed dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna with a wide bandwidth, low profile, high isolation, and improved gain is presented. The proposed substrate integrated technique, in which the electric and magnetic walls of the cross-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) are realized by arrays of metallic and nonmetallic vias, respectively, provides the design with high level of integration and low profile. The substrate integrated DRA is differentially fed by microstrip lines through coupling slots exciting a pair of orthogonal modes for the dual polarizations. The differential feeding scheme offers a direct connection to differential systems, and greatly improves the isolation between polarizations. Benefitting from the differential coupling slots and the substrate integrated back cavity, the bandwidth is broadened and the realized gain is improved. For demonstration, a prototype is designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reduced the mutual coupling in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) by employing closed metallic loops.
Abstract: In this study, the mutual coupling in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is reduced by employing closed metallic loops. The loops are wrapped around the adjacent edges of the dielectric resonators (DR) where magnetic coupling is significant. The proposed method employs only the conductive metallic strips for mutual coupling reduction and this makes the entire design very simple and compact. The impedance bandwidth varies from 4.73 to 5.1 GHz, covering the Sub–6 GHz 5G band. The realized MIMO DRA has an isolation of 28 dB at the resonant frequency with a measured peak gain at each port of 3.5 dBi and a peak radiation efficiency of 93%. The obtained measured results yield a low correlation coefficient (< 0.05) mostly at the entire band that contribute to diversity gain ( $ > 9.8$ dB) to increase the capacity of communication system, is reported in this paper. The proposed antenna was fabricated and the closed loop strip is wrapped around using in house facility. Furthermore, some issues related to the fabrications tolerance have been investigated to justify the difference between some simulated and measured results.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2022-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article , a compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) that is suitable for internet of things (IoT) sensor networks is proposed with reduced coupling between elements.
Abstract: A compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) that is suitable for internet of things (IoT) sensor networks is proposed with reduced coupling between elements. Two rectangular-shaped DRAs have been placed on the opposite sides of a Rogers substrate and each is fed using a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with slots etched in a dedicated metal ground plane that is located under the DRA. Moreover, locating the elements at the opposite sides of the substrate has improved the isolation by 27 dB without the need to incorporate additional complex structures, which has reduced the overall antenna size. Furthermore, a dual band operation is achieved since each antenna resonates at two frequencies: 28 GHz and 38 GHz with respective impedance matching bandwidths of 18% and 13%. As a result, the corresponding data rates are also increased independently. In addition to the advantages of improved isolation, compact size and dual band operation, the proposed configuration offers a diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) of 9.98 dB, 0.007, 0.06 bits/s/Hz over the desired bands, respectively. A prototype has been built with good agreement between simulated and measured results.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a stacked dielectric resonator antenna with a drilled hollow cylinder is presented, and the analysis is performed on 3D EM simulator high-frequency structure simulator with the help of the proper excitation and selection of the resonator parameters based on a −10 dB reflection coefficient.
Abstract: This paper presents a stacked dielectric resonator antenna with a drilled hollow cylinder. The antenna has thirteen dielectric layers with different permittivity (ɛr1 = 12 and ɛr2 = 4.4) on a FR4 epoxy substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 with 0.8 mm thickness. It uses one hollow cylinder of diameter 0.8 mm which is drilled at right bottom corner in a design of the proposed antenna. The analysis is performed on 3D EM simulator high-frequency structure simulator. The wide improvement in bandwidth of the DRA with a drilled hollow cylinder is presented with the help of the proper excitation and selection of the resonator parameters based on a −10 dB reflection coefficient.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , two identical Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (CDRA) are stacked together to achieve Circular Polarization (CP), which is achieved by three factors: stacking of similar DRs, stepped conformal microstrip feed line which will generate orthogonal modes and new partial ground plane with circular rings.
Abstract: In this paper, two identical Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (CDRA) are stacked together to achieve Circular Polarization (CP). Ultra wideband impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth is achieved by three factors: stacking of similar DRs, stepped conformal microstrip feed line which will generate orthogonal modes and new partial ground plane with circular rings. Measurement results show that the proposed stacked Cylindrical CPDRA achieves an Impedance Bandwidth (IBW) of (S11 < −10 dB) of 72.48% (3.65–7.8 GHz) and Axial Ratio Bandwidth (ARBW) (AR <3 dB) of 44.12% (4.38–6.86 GHz), respectively. In addition, the proposed antenna shows dominant Left Hand CP with gain ranges from 1.4 to 6.5 dBic with maximum radiation efficiency of 93.3%. The advantages and novel points of proposed research work is as follows: (i) The novel configuration of stacking CDRA's along with stepped microstrip feed enhances ARBW, (ii) New proposed partial ground plane with two circular rings provides enhancement in IBW, (iii) Simple design and small height of DRs produces enhanced IBW, ARBW, Gain and Efficiency. Furthermore, by changing the position of circular rings on ground plane, the proposed antenna provides dominant LHCP to RHCP conversion and achieves polarization reconfigurability. The proposed antenna configuration covers the frequency range of applications of C‐band and military satellite communication.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , two wideband dual-polarized dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for X-band radar applications are presented, which are good candidates for radar applications such as weather monitoring, air traffic control, and vehicle speed detection.
Abstract: In this communication, two wideband dual-polarized dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) for X-band radar applications are presented. The design procedure is started with designing a linear polarized DRA fed by a microstrip line. The feedline is optimized to excite the hybrid electromagnetic (HEM) $_{11 \delta }$ modes of DRA which corresponds to magnetic monopole-like radiation. Then, a novel quadrature hybrid is designed in the feeding structure to provide both left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). Finally, two antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested: a dual (right hand and left hand) circular polarization DRA with omnidirectional pattern and an enhanced gain version of dual-polarized circular polarized (CP) DRA with a directive pattern. The measurement results of antennas confirm wideband impedance bandwidth (34% and 38.8%) as well as wideband axial ratio (AR) ones (23% and 30%) in element and array structures, respectively. The antennas also provide both RHCP and LHCP radiation. The first antenna contains monopole-like radiation which is aimed at wireless systems with omnidirectional pattern requirements. The second antenna, a $2\times 1$ antenna array, presents around 9 dB across the entire band. The presented antennas are good candidates for radar applications such as weather monitoring, air traffic control, and vehicle speed detection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a dielectric resonator with artificial electromagnetic boundaries is implemented by introducing the electromagnetic band-gap structure along the four side-wall boundaries of a certain dielectrics region on a printed circuit board.
Abstract: To address the issues of the inconvenient fabrication and integration for millimeter-wave (MMW) dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), a new configuration is proposed. First, a dielectric resonator with artificial electromagnetic boundaries is implemented by introducing the electromagnetic band-gap structure along the four side-wall boundaries of a certain dielectric region on a printed circuit board. The electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is constructed using a printed array of periodic upside-down mushroom-type unit cells. The resonant-mode analysis reveals that the proposed DR can support conventional dielectric resonator modes and dense dielectric patch (DDP) cavity modes simultaneously. To excite the DR, a substrate-integrated gap waveguide transmission line is embedded in the proposed structure for implementing a fully integrated DRA. For demonstration, a fully integrated dielectric resonator antenna (FIDRA) operating at 31 GHz is designed. Simulated results show that the antenna offers an 11.5% −10 dB impedance bandwidth (29.6 to 33.2 GHz), in which a peak gain of 7.85 dBi is obtained. As an extension, a multi-beam antenna array composed of a $1 \times 4$ FIDRA antenna array and a SIGW $4 \times 4$ Butler matrix is designed and fabricated. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed configuration in integrating the DRA and feeding network.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on a perforated printed circuit board (PCB) substrate to reduce the electrical size of the DRA.
Abstract: Using dielectric vias, we propose a compact and wideband circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The dielectric vias are realized by filling barium strontium titanate nanoparticles with a dielectric constant of 20 into a perforated printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. Owing to the high effectivedielectric constant of the dielectric via-loaded PCB substrate, the electrical size of the DRA is reduced. The arrangement of dielectric and air vias inside the DRA structure allows for redistributing the resonant frequencies of different radiating modes. This design incorporates a third higher-order mode into the passband, resulting in wide impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths. A cross slot is used to excite the CP fields. The standard PCB process is utilized to manufacture the antenna structure. The fabricated prototype has measured impedance and AR bandwidths of 46.9% and 26.7%, respectively. The measured overlapping bandwidth is 25.4%. Our prototype has a compact footprint of 0.61 × 0.61 $\lambda^2_0$ where λ0 is the wavelength in free space at the center frequency. The proposed dielectric vias technique has potential abilities in size reduction and bandwidth enhancement.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a hybrid magneto-electric dielectric-resonator dipole antenna is proposed for millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands, which is based on the combination of multiuser multi-reonances produced by a magnetoelectric dipole and stacked dielectoric Resonator Antennas (DRAs).
Abstract: Future communication standards have an increasing interest in Millimeter Wave (mm-wave) bands, where wide bandwidth and secured communication can be assured. This trend in communication standards stimulates the research community to provide novel antenna configurations in the mm-wave bands. This article proposes a novel design and analysis of hybrid magneto-electric dielectric-resonator dipole antenna that features an electrically small size with ultra-wideband operation and consistent radiation characteristics in the mm-wave band. The proposed antenna is designed based on the combination of multi-resonances produced by a Magneto-Electric (ME) dipole and stacked Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs). In addition, the proposed antenna is implemented using state-of-the-art Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology, namely, Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) for low loss and cost-efficiency. The combination between the ME-dipole and stacked DRA is adopted to ensure symmetric radiation characteristics in both E- and H-planes over ultra-wideband operation with a deep matching level. Both DRA and ME-dipole elements are designed and studied separately, where a systematic design procedure is presented to obtain initial design parameters. Proper integration between the radiating elements introduced an electrically small size antenna ( $0.64\,\,\lambda \times 0.48\lambda $ ) covers the full Ka-band (26-40 GHz) with a matching level beyond −20 dB and gain stability of 8± 1 dB. The antenna prototype is fabricated, where a good agreement is shown between both simulated and measured results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a wideband hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with enhanced gain was proposed for a frequency band of 20 to 28 GHz, and the precise alignment and assembly of the DRA represent key challenges at such frequencies that were addressed using three approaches: the first was based on outlining the DSA position on the ground plane, the second involved creating a groove in the compound ground plane in which the DCA is placed, and third was based upon the 3D-printing of the antenna on a perforated substrate.
Abstract: A wideband hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with enhanced gain is proposed for a frequency band of 20 to 28 GHz. The precise alignment and assembly of the DRA represent key challenges at such frequencies that were addressed using three approaches: the first was based on outlining the DRA position on the ground plane, the second involved creating a groove in the compound ground plane in which the DRA is placed, and the third was based on the 3D-printing of the DRA on a perforated substrate. In all cases, the same DRA was utilized and excited in a higher-order mode using an annular ring slot. The high gain was achieved by exciting a higher-order mode, and the wideband was obtained by merging the bandwidths of the two excited modes. The alignment methods used expedite the DRA prototyping by saving substantial time that is usually spent in adjusting the DRA position with respect to the feeding slot. The proposed configurations were measured, with an impedance bandwidth of 33.33% and a maximum gain of 10 dBi observed. Close agreement was achieved between the measured and simulated results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a DRA array with enhanced isolation and front-to-back ratio (FBR) was proposed, where each DRA element is mounted on a small and separated ground plane; all the DRA elements with small ground planes share a large common ground plane.
Abstract: Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) arrays with enhanced isolation and front-to-back ratio (FBR) are proposed in this letter. Specifically, each DRA element is mounted on a small and separated ground plane; all the DRA elements (with small ground planes) share a large common ground plane. Each DRA element is excited by two differential probes at its edges. The DRA element in its ${\boldsymbol{TE}}_{{\boldsymbol{\delta }}11}^{\boldsymbol{x}}$ mode is equivalent to a magnetic dipole. Meanwhile, the differential probes also excite electric current on the small grounds that can be viewed as an electric dipole. The equivalent magnetic and electric dipoles are orthogonal, behaving like a magnetoelectric dipole (ME-dipole). By properly adjusting the small ground planes’ size and their height above a sizeable common ground plane, a broadside unidirectional radiation pattern with low backward radiation is realized; moreover, the small ground structures can provide neutralization paths to counteract the original coupling waves. A $1 \times 4$ single-polarized DRA array is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurements align well with the simulations, demonstrating significant isolation and FBR improvements compared with the conventional DRA array. The proposed array has about 20% relative bandwidth.

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Jul 2022-Sensors
TL;DR: In this paper , a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with circularly polarized (CP) response is presented for 5G NR (New Radio) Sub-6 GHz band applications.
Abstract: In this article, a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with circularly polarized (CP) response is presented for 5G NR (New Radio) Sub-6 GHz band applications. A uniquely shaped conformal metal feeding strip is proposed to excite the RDRA in higher-order mode for high gain utilization. By using the proposed feeding mechanism, the degenerate mode pair of the first higher-order, i.e., TEδ13x at 4.13 GHz and TE1δ3y, at 4.52 GHz is excited to achieve a circularly polarized response. A circular polarization over a bandwidth of ~10%, in conjunction with a wide impedance matching over a bandwidth of ~17%, were attained by the antenna. The CP antenna proposed offers a useful gain of ~6.2 dBic. The achieved CP bandwidth of the RDRA is good enough to cover the targeted 5G NR bands around 4.4–4.8 GHz, such as n79. The proposed antenna configuration is modelled and optimized using computer simulation technology (CST). A prototype was built to confirm (validate) the performance estimated through simulation. A good agreement was observed between simulated and measured results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a four-port dielectric resonator-based connected ground multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed for sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN communication.
Abstract: A four-port dielectric resonator-based connected ground multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed. The presented antenna was excited through the aperture feeding technique. The dual bands are achieved by optimally feeding the rectangular dielectric resonator through engineered triangular slots. The antenna has operating modes of T E 111 X and T E 111 Y at 4.5 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. It presents a 2 : 1 VSWR bandwidth of 2.64% (4.48 GHz–4.60 GHz) and 1.2% (4.96 GHz–5.04 GHz) in the lower and upper bands, respectively. The edge-to-edge distance between array elements is around 7.5 mm. The single antenna dimension is 30 mm × 30 mm, whereas the four-port antenna dimension is 60 mm × 60 mm. The optimum isolation was achieved by carefully placing the antenna elements on the substrate through multiple iterations. The antenna provides port isolation better than 20 dB at both resonances with full ground profile. The advantage of the antenna is that it provides fair antenna and MIMO parameters without additional isolation techniques. The antenna has efficiency in order of 88.02% and 86.31%. The peak gain is 7.67 dBi and 8.32 dBi at 4.5 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The optimum envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is 0.037, channel capacity coss (CCL) is 0.2 bits/sec/Hz, diversity gain (DG) is 9.99 dB, and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is −18.87. The antenna elements are orthogonally placed with adequate separation to achieve polarization diversity and spatial diversity. The antenna provides the utilization in Sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN communication applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a single-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for milli meter wave 5G (Fifth Generation) frequency band applications, which achieves wide dual bandwidth with circular polarization at the defined 5G frequency bands.
Abstract: A novel singly fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is proposed here for milli meter wave 5G (Fifth Generation) frequency band applications. The DRA has achieved wide dual bandwidth with circular polarization at the defined 5G frequency bands. The resonances of this dual band antenna occur at 22.06 GHz, 24.5 GHz and 29.84 GHz. The percentage bandwidth |S11| < −10 dB of 26.3% is achieved at the first band (19.52–26.36 GHz) and 7.69% at the second band |S11| < −10 dB (28.26–30.26 GHz). Both the achieved bands here are covered under the Band 30 GHz category of 5G frequency spectrum. Compared to the conventional rectangular DRA, a novel trapezoidal shaped DRA is designed here which is fed by a microstrip line with characteristics impedance of 50 Ohm. The defined electrical dimensions of the DRA are 0.25λ 0 × 0.29λ 0 × 0.22λ 0 considering 26 GHz as its resonating frequency. The DRA is placed over a Rogers substrate with dimensions 0.5λ 0 × 0.5λ 0 × 0.1λ 0 and permittivity of 2.2. The DRA is circularly polarized and has a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 5.23%. The DRA has achieved a gain value of 3.28 dB. Milli meter wave communications require wideband antennas with circular polarization features to support high throughput communication channels. This singly fed DRA has achieved wide dual bandwidth with circular polarization and is more suitable for indoor 5G small cell applications.