Showing papers on "Diesel engine published in 1970"

Safety device for limiting the rotational speed of internal combustion engines

Abstract: An electronically controlled diesel engine wherein the highpressure chamber of the fuel injection pump is connected with the low-pressure chamber by a passage controlled by an electromagnetic valve which opens or closes when the rotational speed of the engine reaches a maximum permissible value. The speed is detected by an electrical counter which effects opening of the valve if the latter is installed in a passage which conveys fuel from the high-pressure chamber, or closing of such valve if the latter is installed in a passage which supplies fuel to the high-pressure chamber, whenever the engine speed reaches the maximum permissible value. The electrical connection between the speed counter and the valve comprises an amplifier whose input circuit contains an inductance of the speed counter and a first safety fuse and whose output circuit contains a relay switch for the circuit of the winding in the valve and a second safety fuse. The circuit of the winding can be completed by an auxiliary switch in response to actuation of the starter for the engine.

Heat Transfer in Compression-Ignition Engines: First Paper: Heat Transfer in a Quiescent Chamber Diesel Engine

Abstract: Instantaneous and mean values of heat transfer at various positions in the combustion chamber were obtained, by means of surface thermocouples, for different loads and speeds and compared with those obtained theoretically from synthesized cycle calculations. The results show that the usual model of homogeneity in the cylinder is inadequate for heat transfer calculations. Peak rates of heat transfer when in the vicinity of a fuel spray were comparatively little dependent upon load or speed. At the periphery of the combustion chamber the mean heat transfer rates were appreciably lower than to the cylinder head and piston and the rapid rise in instantaneous values occurred appreciably later. The results all suggest the need for a more realistic model based upon the geometry and penetration of the fuel sprays.

Device for starting and stopping a diesel engine

Abstract: Device for starting and stopping a combustion engine of the Diesel type comprising a three-position switch having a stable position in which the heater plug circuit and the engine starter circuit are open, a second stable position in which, assuming that the engine is insufficiently warm, the heater plug circuit is closed, the starter circuit remaining open, and an unstable position in which the starter circuit is closed. Means are provided to indicate to the driver when the switch can be placed in the unstable position. The heater plug circuit is automatically opened at the end of a given period of time which depends on the surrounding temperature irrespective of whether the user has or has not placed the switch in the unstable position and actuated the engine starter.

Cracking in Cast Iron Diesel Engine Cylinder Heads

Abstract: The nature and mechanism of cracking in cast iron diesel cylinder heads arising from the differential thermal strains which occur in service are reviewed.The results of experimental work with test apparatus simulating the conditions in a cylinder head are presented, illustrating the importance of controlling the boiling conditions of the water at the cooling face of the flame deck.It is concluded that cylinder head temperatures, and therefore the danger of cracking, can be successfully reduced by increasing the flow of cooling water over critical areas by some form of directed flow.

Aerosol bomb filled with starting agent for diesel engine

Abstract: A STARTING AGENT OF THE AEROSOL-TYPE TO BE JETTED INTO A COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A DIESEL ENGINE TO AID IN STARTING THE ENGINE IN A COLD CLIMATE CONTAINS DIETHYL ETHER, DIMETHYL ETHER AND N-BUTYL ALCOHOL AS MAIN COMPONENTS.

A Study of Squish in Open Combustion Chambers of a Diesel Engine

Abstract: In the Diesel engine with an open combustion chamber, the utilization of gas motion produced in the chamber is important to improve engine performance. As the first step to finding the relation between the shape of combustion chamber and the formation process of squish, squish velocity has been measured with a velocity detector of solenoid type by motoring a model engine, and then investigated theoretically. The measured squish velocity is not much different from the ideal one calculated under the condition without any loss. Through theoretical considerations, it is confirmed that the decrease of velocity due to both the heat loss to the wall and the leakage of charged air through the piston rings is remarkable in the period after 20 deg. before t.d.c. and becomes maximum at top dead center. However, the absolute value of decrement seems to be too small to affect seriously the squish velocity.

Engine start and shutdown system

Abstract: A control circuit for a diesel engine provides for simplified staring and for manually initiated shutdown and also provides for automatic shutdown in the event that any of various warning devices detect an undesirable condition such as insufficient oil pressure, excess engine temperature or overspeed. A single manually operated control switch has a Start position for energizing the starter motor, an Off position for energizing a solenoid at the engine governor to shut off the fuel supply, and a Run position at which a solid state shutdown circuit energizes the governor solenoid if gated by a warning signal from any of the indicator devices. The system may use the sensors of the normal visual warning gauges and provides for starting of the engine by manipulating only a single element at the control switch.

Electronic control system for the injectors of internal engines

Abstract: An electronic circuit system for triggering the successive injectors of an internal combustion engine, chiefly a Diesel engine. A first circuit controlled by the rotation of the engine provides for the starting of saw-tooth voltage wave, the length of the rising slope of which depends on the speed of rotation while the peals of said pulses trigger the injections which last until the end of the pulse. A delay for said triggering is advantageously obtained by the difference between the time constants of two flip-flops the first of which is constant while that of the second flip-flop depends on the operative parameters of the engine, the end of the injection being defined by the end of the signal produced by the first flip-flop.

Admission circuits of diesel engines

Abstract: An improved Diesel engine supercharged by a turbo-compressor and corrected by a volumetric compressor corrector device driven from the engine crank shaft at a speed ratio which increases as the pressure delivered by the centrifugal compressor diminishes, in which an exchanger of heat with the cooling liquid of the engine is provided between the turbo-compressor and the volumetric corrector device, and in which the portion of the admission circuit comprised between the heat exchanger and the engine is provided with a heat and sound-insulation system.

Fuel valve locking device

Abstract: A three-position lock is disposed between a fuel valve and solenoid in a diesel engine and is selectively movable either to a closed position interrupting the flow of fuel from the fuel pump to the engine, an open position permitting uninterrupted flow of fuel to the engine, or to a neutral position permitting normal operation in direct response to energization or deenergization of the solenoid.

Diesel engine starting aid

Abstract: A self-contained air heating apparatus adapted to be mounted on an intake manifold of a diesel engine basically consists of a DC motor which performs the triple function of driving a liquid fuel pump, an air compressor, and the breaker points of an autotype of ignition distributor by a system of direct coupling and cam rings on a single shaft of the motor. A fuel atomizer cooperating with the components driven by the motor sprays a fine mist of liquid into at least one air induction manifold whereupon it is ignited by a sparkplug located adjacent the mist pattern.

Pneumatic starting system for diesel engines

Abstract: A pair of normally open, air-actuated valves supplied from a common pressure source and acting respectively as a line valve and a pilot valve, the latter for controlling with associated time delays closing and reopening of the line valve, for automatically purging a diesel engine of any liquid condensate by applying operating air to the engine''s air starter motor in two separate stages, one brief and the other extended.

Method of and System for Supercharging the Main Diesel Engine of a Ship.

Abstract: 1,181,488. Supercharging I. C. engines. T. ZAKON. May 30, 1968, No.15427/68. Heading F1B. The main diesel engine 1 of a ship having supercharging provided by an exhaust gas driven turboblower 3, 5 and a reciprocating air pump 4 connected in series has an initial supercharging stage provided by a blower 9. The blower 9 is driven by an electric motor 8 powered by a stand-by electric generator 7 or directly by the diesel engine 6 or a steam turbine, receiving steam from an exhaust gas heated boiler, installed to drive the electric generator. A plurality of turbo-blowers 3, 5, air pumps 4 and blowers 9 may be provided. The blower 9 supplies air through a duct 11 having flap valves 12 which control the engine fuel pump 14 through a linkage 13. With the blower 9 inoperative air is drawn through the filters 2 and the valves 12 close the duct 11.

Pressure indicator, especially for measuring pressure in diesel engines

Abstract: A sealing cone adapted to be secured on an indicating tap of a diesel engine has a central passage communicating with a diaphragm mounted in a housing. Another housing includes a forcemeasuring device such as a transducer. Pressure forces are transmitted from the diaphragm to the transducer by a central cylinder, and counter-acting tensile forces by a ring surrounding the cylinder and connected by sets of low-heat-conducting screws to both housings, the screws of the two sets being symmetrically spaced from each other around the ring. The cylinder and ring are formed of rigid thermally insulating material. The transducer is thus protected from the heat of the diesel engine.

An Evaluation of Effect of Intake Fuel Addition on Performances with Various Prechambers on a Diesel Engine

Abstract: The present investigation evaluates the effect of the auxiliary fuel on the performances of a diesel engine by changing the shape of prechamber, and reveals the following points : (1) The maximum output of the engine with intake fuel addition rises almost to the same level independently of the prechamber types. (2) This increase of the output is caused by the improvement of overall thermal efficiency owing to rapid combustion in the main chamber, though the aspirated mixture gives no effect on the utilization of the oxygen contained in the cylinder. (3) The exhaust smoke is beneficially affected by the manifold introduction of auxiliary fuel. However, various unburned hydrocarbons can be detected in abundance.

Arrangement Combining a Plurality of Diesel Engine Outputs.

Abstract: 1,197,848. Power plant. F. SHIBATA. Aug. 11, 1967 [Aug. 11, 1966], No.38961/68. Divided out of 1,185,840. Heading F1Q. The outputs of two diesel engines 2, 4, are coupled through an electric motor 6 fed by a generator 3 driven by the other engine 4, the engine 2 driving through an electromagnetic or hydraulic coupling 5 and the load 7 being driven through gearing 15, 14. An exhaust driven turbine 9 drives a second generator 10 supplying the motor 6. In Fig. 2 engines 2, 22, drive through clutches 5, 25 and engines 4, 24, drive generators supplying electric motors 6, 26, the output shafts of which are coupled through gearing 14. . .16 to the load 7. Further diesel engines 17, 18, are connected through clutches 19, 20, and the gears 15, 16.

Theoretical Analysis of the Coupled Torsional-Axial Forced Vibration of the Marine Diesel Engine Shafting

Abstract: This paper presents several technqiues for calculating forced vibrations of marine diesel engine shaftings with damping. Two direct calculating methods, which provide not only amplitudes and phase angles for any point of vibrating system but also its frequencies, are proposed. Both methods are applicable to coupled torsional-axial and also to uncoupled vibrations of marine diesel engine shaftings. The estimating of resonant axial amplitudes by the energy method is also introduced.

Measurement of Cylinder Gas Temperature of Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract: All the techniques that have been previously developed for unsteady-state determination of cylinder gas temperature are used exclusively for measuring comparatively higher gas temperature with spatial variation existing in a cylinder such as flame or combustion gas temperature. This paper introduces a new method for the determination of average gas temperature in a cylinder during compression and expansion strokes. The principle is as follows : At the maximum or minimum point of the fluctuating temperature of a thin metallic wire exposed to gas, the wire temperature agrees with gas temperature, thus giving a basic temperature to determine gas temperature at the other points using the equation of state in conjunction with an indicator diagram, in so far as the maximum or minimum temperature is representative of the temperature of the whole gas in a cylinder. The temperature data taken on a two-stroke diesel engine by employing a platinum resistance thermometer are presented. The principle of this method is verified by the test results obtained in motoring. The results of the firing tests show that the minimum temperature appearing in a compression stroke indicates average gas temperature, which is applicable as the basic temperature, while the maximum temperature occurring in an expansion stroke scarcely represents everage temperature.

Fuel Sulfur Effects On Diesel CatalystPerformance

Abstract: Many improvements have been achieved in the design of modem diesel engines(Khair, GilM *2). These design improvements enabled the diesel engine to meet strict limitations imposed by emissions regulations adopted by many governments in the industrialized world. In spite of the success achieved in controlling diesel emissions while maintaining good performance characteristics, paniculate emissions still remain a challenge to researchers. Attempts to control diesel paniculate emissions led scientists to investigate diesel exhaust aftertreatment. Two methods of aftertreatment emerged as likely candidates for this task. The first method involved trapping and incinerating participates at certain intervals. This method used a diesel particulate trap(Garner ) with a regeneration system, and was quite effective in reducing the insoluble components of particulates. Users of this device soon realized its durability limitations as well as the complexity of its regeneration system. A second aftertreatment method relying on catalytic oxidation of the soluble organic fraction gained popularity. (Ball ) However, researchers also realized the negative impact of the fuel sulfur content on the effectiveness of this method.

Turbo-Charged Diesel Engine Piston.

Abstract: 1,184,510. Pistons. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. 29 Nov., 1968, No. 56676/68. Heading F2T. A piston 10 for a turbo-charged diesel engine has at least its top land 15 coated with synthetic plastics material, e.g. P.T.F.E., to reduce build-up of carbon deposits. The whole of the piston crown may be so coated.

Onboard Measurements OfDiesel Engine Exhaust Gas Components

Abstract: Against the background of future international regulations for marine diesel exhaust gas, the paper describes in brief the purpose of the intended IMO-Code on the emission of nitrogen oxides. In this connection, the joint research project CLEAN and the tasks of Germanischer Lloyd (GL) will be presented as dealing with the measurement technology used to analyse the gaseous components of marine diesel exhaust gas and to sample exhaust particles. Equipment and procedures are presented shortly whilst discussing the necessary knowledge to assess the exhaust emission behaviour of a diesel engine. Emphasis will be laid on the description, measurement and the analysis of the paniculate matter in the diesel engine exhaust gas. The method as well as the equipment used for sample collection and analysis of the composition of the particles will be described more closely. General requirements for onboard measurement equipment are stated. 1. Air Pollution from Ships The increasing demands for environmental protection in shipping as well as in other fields are being answered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with further development of the rules. At present, an "Air Pollution" Annex to MARPOL is being compiled. Its purpose is inter alia to regulate the emission limits for the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur (SO:). A 'step by step' solution for implementation of the limit values for the nitrogen oxides is intended. This means that the permissible limit values defined in the Annex will be reduced further in phases according to technical progress and environmental needs at later stages. Diverse strategies for implementing low-emission ship propulsion plants are also in the centre of the deliberations: progressive port duties as an economic incentive for low-emission propulsion units, for example. It may be expected that future developments will be characterized by more stringent limit values, by an extension with respect to the size and number of regions with Transactions on the Built Environment vol 24, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509

The Starting System

Abstract: In comparison with the other electrical systems of an automobile, that of the starting motor and its switch and wiring is the simplest consisting, as it does, of switches, starting motor and battery, wired in series. Before dealing with the starting system and its electrical components it is necessary to consider the basic requirements of the starting motor from the point of view of the engine operation, under starting conditions.

Cavitation Erosion on the Surface of Cylinder Liners in Diesel Engine

Abstract: ディーゼル機関シリンダライナの冷却水側に発生する孔食にっいては, これまでも, .多くの報告が行なわれてきた. (1～10) その原因には, 電気化学的な腐食と, 機械的なキャビテーション・エロージョンとが考えられ, 後者は, シリンダライナの振動によって発生すると考えられている.しかしながら, キャビテーシヨン・エロージョンの観点から, 実機運転中におけるシリンダライナの振動を, 詳細に調べたものは, きわめて少ない.そのために, 本論文では, 直径280mm, ニサイクル単動トランクピストン形舶用ディーゼル機関について, その実機運転中におけるシリンダライナの振動を, ライナ表面に取り付けた抵抗線ひずみゲージで, 円周方向ひずみ変化として計測した.この結果より, シリンダライナのひずみ変形を示し, ピストン側圧から, ピストンの衝突による衝撃変形を明らかにした.その機関運転条件による相違と, さらに, 円周上分布から, 実際の損傷発生位置との対比を行ない, また, ライナの固有振動との関連を求めた.

Assessment of the future of fuel cells and rechargeable batteries in rail traction

Abstract: At the present time, in the United Kingdom and North America at least, the diesel engine is the main power source for rail traction. In recent years, however, other power sources have emerged as possible competitors to the diesel engine. Two of these, the fuel cell and the rechargeable battery, are considered in this paper. Of the fuel cells under development, ambient temperature fuel cells must be rejected for rail traction because of the prohibitive cost of non-hydrocarbon fuels. The solid oxide fuel cell, the molten carbonate fuel cell, and the internal reforming fuel cell are considered in more detail. It is concluded that given satisfactory development the most suitable fuel cell for rail traction is likely to be a solid oxide fuel cell, utilizing a cheap hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene or natural gas. The economic and technical criteria which must be satisfied before the fuel cell can replace the diesel engine are discussed. Rechargeable battery systems considered are: lead/acid; zinc/air; lithium/metal halide (organic electrolyte); sodium/sulphur. With the possible exception of the organic electrolyte system, all the batteries are suitable for some traction applications. The use of these batteries is considered for the following: main-line traffic; auxiliary power sources for electric locomotives; and diesel engine/sodium sulphur battery hybrid.

Economic Consideration of Controllable Pitch Propellers With Diesel Main Propulsion.

Abstract: This study is concerned with a performance and economic comparison of a controllable pitch propeller installation vs a fixed pitch propeller installation, both with geared diesel engine drive. It is based on a hypothetical 25,000 dwt tanker, operating mainly in the Caribbean/Gulf of Mexico area, and carrying cargo one way and returning in ballast. Factors weighted in detail are--capital acquisition cost differential, operating costs, intangible gains, reliability, and life cycle cost. It is concluded that any ship study envisioning the use of a diesel prime mover should incorporate the use of a controllable pitch propeller.