Showing papers on "Diesel engine published in 1972"

Emissions from Combustion Engines and Their Control

Abstract: This standard text for the automotive industry explains in detail the fundamentals of emission formation and control for gasoline and diesel engines. These concepts can be applied to other combustion systems, such as gas turbines and stationary power plants. Topics of discussion include: combustion in homogeneous mixtures; effect of design and operating variables on gasoline engine exhaust emissions; hydrocarbon evaporation emissions; diesel engine combustion emissions and controls; emission instrumentation; and automotive exhaust emission testing. 200 references, 197 figures.

Fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines

Abstract: An electronic governor, particularly for a diesel engine has a summing amplifier receiving signals representing the output of the pumps supplying fuel to the engine, engine speed, and engine demand. The summing amplifier serves to produce an output for operating the pump in accordance with predetermined engine current characteristics. A second summing amplifier may be used to override the first summing amplifier to limit maximum fuel. Alternatively, the first summing amplifier may compare demanded fuel supply with actual fuel supply, in which case the second amplifier sets the maximum speed.

Cold starting devices for diesel engines with compensated supercharging

Abstract: This device comprises a separate electromotor coupled to the driving shaft of a volumetric supercharger for correcting the turbo compressor supercharging of the Diesel engine; clutch means are interposed between this shaft and a variable-speed transmission comprising extensible pulleys, said electromotor driving said shaft directly only when starting the engine by very cold weather so that this shaft revolves faster than the extensible pulley driving the shaft under normal operating conditions. A solenoid operated valve inserted in a pipe connecting the induction manifold of the engine to free atmosphere is adapted, when said electrometer starts in cold weather conditions, to open and vent the manifold to the free atmosphere in conjunction with the energization of the starter motor of the engine and to close before the deenergization of the starter motor.

Pressure control system

Abstract: A slow or ''''creep'''' speed arrangement is provided for systems having an internal combustion engine to drive a pump which in turn drives a hydraulic motor. Such systems are used for operation of a vehicle of the kind having a power take-off, usually farm vehicles. Thus, a combined control, e.g., speed control of a diesel engine and the rate of pump discharge, is effected by means of the engine fuel pedal and a ''''creep'''' pedal or other manually operable element, via a linkage coupled to the fuel pedal linkage in such a manner that the engine may operate at a high power rate even though the drive pump discharge is low for creep speeds of the hydraulic drive motor. This effects sufficient power for the take-off connection which otherwise might not be sufficiently powered when the vehicle is being propelled at low engine speed for slow travel. The system inherently reduces engine speed when there is no power demand, and other effects and advantages will be apparent from the detailed disclosure. However, it should be noted that the pedals can be operated independently in any sequence to get any combination of engine power and pump output which may be required for any particular situation. Further, the creep pedal can also be used to actuate a brake for a vehicle.

Nitric oxide formation around droplets burning at elevated pressures

Abstract: NO formation around single droplets may be an important phenomenon with respect to total NO formation in the diesel engine. A model is presented to predict the NO formed by a fuel droplet burning above the critical pressure of the fuel. The model is applied to the diesel engine in an attempt to predict measured exhaust gas NO concentrations. The results indicate individual droplet burning is important for low fuel/air ratios.

Vehicle internal-combustion engine fuel control and signal device

Abstract: A control for preventing damage to an internal-combustion engine from extended operation under excessive operating conditions where the engine power varies according to the flow of fuel to the engine (e.g., as in a diesel engine). The control includes a pair of fuel-limiting solenoid valves each having a plunger movable between a nonrestrictive position and a second position restricting the fuel flow to the engine. The windings of the valves, when energized, maintain the respective plungers in the nonrestrictive positions. The plunger of a first one of the valves, when in the second position, restricts fuel flow by a preset amount causing reduction in engine power sufficient to reduce its operating temperature but permitting continued normal operation at the reduced power. The other plunger, when in the second position, restricts fuel flow by a greater preset amount reducing engine power sufficiently to prevent continued normal operation. First switch means is connected with the first valve winding for controlling its energization and is responsive to an engine operating condition (i.e., lubricant temperature) operating to deenergize the winding if the condition (e.g., low lubricant pressure) warrants engine power reduction. Second switch means is connected with the winding of the second valve and similarly controls its energization, being responsive to another operating condition (e.g., lubricant pressure) for causing deenergization of the latter winding if discontinuing the normal operation of the engine is warranted by the operating condition (e.g., lubricant pressure too low). The control is especially useful with diesel truck engines.

Method of and apparatus for distilling a liquid

Abstract: 1,262,458. Distillation apparatus; desalination of water. ROLLS-ROYCE Ltd. 3 April, 1969 [5 April, 1968], No. 16486/68. Heading B1B. A liquid, e.g. sea water, is submitted to distillation by passing it through conduit 2 into heater 3 where the liquid is partially heated by exhaust gases from a gas turbine or diesel engine 4, and introducing the partially-heated liquid into evaporator 1 where it is contacted with hot immiscible liquid, e.g. oil, introduced through nozzles 7. The vapours evolved from the sea water, or other liquid, pass through duct 8 and impeller 11 into condenser 12 where the vapours are contacted with immiscible liquid from nozzles 17, preferably with immiscible liquid withdrawn from the surface of the distilland in evaporator 1, and cooled as it passes through conduit 15 and pump 16. The condensate, e.g. desalinated water, separates from the immiscible liquid in the lower part of the condenser, and is withdrawn through conduit 20. The separated immiscible liquid flows from the condenser to heater 23, and is then returned to the evaporator. Gas turbine or diesel engine 4 drives the impeller 11 which transfers vapour from the evaporator to the condenser.

Studies on Low Compression Ratio Diesel Engine : 3rd Report, Relation between Combustibility and Performances

Abstract: In a diesel engine, by a systematic controlling of the burning rate, the performances i.e., thermal efficiency, maximum pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, combustion noise emission and maximum combustion temperature which affects the density of NOx emission, etc. may be controlled. In this paper, the performance values, for example the indicated thermal efficiency, were calculated stepwise based on Wiebe's combustion function, and the relationships between the combustion rate and each performance value were investigated. In addition, the harmonics of engine noise were considered to be related to that of the cylinder pressure variation, hence the harmonics of cylinder puressure variation were calculated for the estimation of noise emission. As a result of the calculations, it was clarified that when the combustion rate was controlled to a desired free value with a low compression ratio, the performances, i.e. indicated thermal efficiency, maximum pressure, combustion noise etc., could be improve simultaneously. Thus, a theoretical guide to improving the performances of a low compression ratio diesel engine was obtained.

Engine Simulation Studies

Abstract: : The report covers work to develop an engine simulation program for use by the Army Tank and Automotive Command in their engine development program. Such a program is needed as an engine development tool as well as an aid in evaluating proposed unusual engine configurations. An engine simulation program was written using the best available information. At the end of the contract this program was rewritten to update it and make it compatible with the Univac 1108. Full details including the computer program are given for this final program. In addition to the writing and rewriting of the program, considerable effort was expended in comparing the program with experimental data and in developing new data. Areas that were studied included a parameter study of an engine, the development of a data acquistion and handling system, studies in both convective and radiant heat transfer and in the effect of heat transfer on intake manifold oscillations and studies in obtaining rates of heat release and in developing a model for combustion in a diesel engine. The current status of engine simulations and recommendations as to ways in which TACOM can benefit by using the program are given.

Allison GT-404: The VIP Engine-Versatile Industrial Power

Abstract: The development of the regenerative industrial gas turbine has progressed to the point where it can soon take its place with the diesel engine in the heavy-duty power market. The design goals for the Allison GT-404, and the progress in its development are reviewed in detail. The application of the engine to prototype installations in passenger coaches, highway, trucks and generator sets is described, together with significant findings from operating experience to date.Copyright © 1972 by ASME

Improvement in supercharged two stroke diesel engines

Abstract: 1,261,335. Charging I. C. engines. T. ZAKON. March 23, 1970 [April 16, 1969; Dec. 23, 1969], No. 13802/70. Heading F1B. A supercharged two stroke diesel engine has at least two turbochargers, comprising centrifugal compressors driven by essentially similar gas turbines, which deliver air to a common air receiver an auxiliary blower or low-pressure fan being connected in series with only one of the compressors, each gas turbine being fed by the same amount of exhaust gas and each compressor requiring essentially the same driving power, the delivery pressure of the auxiliary blower or lowpressure fan being chosen so that in operation all compressors not connected to it do not enter a surging regime. Centrifugal compressors 2, 4, Fig. 1 driven by gas turbines 3, 5 supply air to a common scavenge air receiver 7 from which the main diesel engine receives air. Compressor 2 receives air from an electric motor driven fan 1. The gas turbines may be driven by gases from separate or common gas manifolds. When fan 1 supplies compressed air to compressor 2 the rise of the delivery pressure from the latter causes the pressure and weight of air in receiver 7 to rise which results in an increase in the air delivered to the engine cylinders and in an increase in the exhaust gas flow. The mass of exhaust gas driving turbine 5 is greater than the mass of air delivered by the centrifugal compressor 4 and the speed of the turbocharger 4, 5 rises to supply air at a higher pressure. In other embodiments the compressor not supplied with compressed air from an auxiliary blower has a smaller diffusor and the air receiver delivers to under-piston pumps of the engine.

Speed controller for a diesel engine

Abstract: This invention relates to a speed controller for a diesel engine, said controller being arranged to be controlled normally by a pneumatic negative pressure controlled by a throttle valve operatively connected with an engine accelerator pedal or its equivalent means. The speed controller is characterized by the provision of a vacuum pump, a pressure controller and change-off valve means which are connected in such a way that upon reception of an instruction signal for control of the engine revolutions, said change-off valve means is/are brought into operation and the negative pressure created and delivered by said pump and modified by said pressure controller is used for the speed control purpose and in place of said negative pressure created at the throttle valve.

A Fixed-Head Concept Diesel Engine

Abstract: This high-speed automotive diesel engine was designed to achieve the greatest possible reliability in operation, low operating and maintenance costs and maximum versatility of component and auxiliary arrangements, based on long experience of large-scale manufacture of engines for commercial vehicles and the increases in power output and time between overhauls made possible by improvements in design, materials, manufacturing processes, fuels and lubricants.Elimination of the cylinder high-pressure joint was a radical departure from current practice and promised considerable advantages in cooling, reducing thermal stress and freeing restrictions in cylinder-head porting layout. Thus the potential for operating at the highest rating now in use and for future development was improved.This paper deals with the design aims, describes the engine and outlines the development work with single and multi-cylinder engines that has been undertaken to ensure that each commercial variant meets the requirements of its ra...

Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A cylinder head, particularly adapted for a diesel engine including four valves, two inlet and two exhaust, symmetrically arranged about an injector. Each of the inlet valves has associated therewith an inlet duct opening to a first lateral face of the head. The exhaust ducts associated with the exhaust valves open on the opposite lateral face of the head. The inlet ducts are configured such that a turbulence is created in each one in the same direction around the injector seating.

Pneumatic device for remote control and monitoring of a variable-speed, reversible diesel engine

Abstract: A reversible, variable-speed engine for the propulsion of a ship is controlled by a pneumatic logic system providing selective transmission to the actuators of the engine control members of a running direction order and of a speed order issued from one of a plurality of remote-control stations. Said system provides for proper positioning of the engine cam-shaft, for successive attempts to pneumatically start the motor and for control of idling and running speed of the engine. Alarm circuits are also provided.

Effects of Pilot Injection with a Single Fuel Nozzle on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Abstract: We studied the effects of double injection by a single nozzle on fuel consumption and noise level of a single cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine. It was observed that, within a certain range of fuel quantity of pilot injection, the combustion noise was reduced considerably. This range of the fuel quantity depends on the timing of the pilot injection. In view of the fuel consumption, it was found desirable to inject pilot fuel at the end of exhaust stroke of the previous cycle or just before the main injection. Furthermore, a thermodynamic analysis was made to explain qualitatively the mechanism of the effects of pilot injection.

Device for starting and stopping a diesel engine

Abstract: Device for starting and stopping a Diesel engine having a lock for locking a manual control element in a position thereof for opening the fuel supply conduit. The lock is electromagnetically controlled and the manual control element is maintained in the locked position, so long as the main contactor of the vehicle is in the "on" position, in opposition to the action of spring return means which tend to retain the manual control element in its position for closing the fuel-supply conduit.

A method of supercharging an engine

Abstract: 1279113 Supercharging I C engines BROWN BOVERI & CO Ltd 9 Sept 1969 [11 Sept 1968) 44479/69 Heading F1B In a method of supercharging a multi-cylinder I. C. engine by means of a supercharger supplied with the exhaust gases, the exhaust gases from at least one cylinder are supplied at generally constant pressure to the supercharger and the exhaust gases from the remaining cylinder or cylinders are supplied in pulsed form to the supercharger. In the 7-cylinder 4-stroke Diesel engine shown, having the firing order 1-2-4-6-7-5-3, cylinders 3, 4, 7 and 2, 5, 6 are combined in respective groups with a common exhaust pipe 8 and 9 respectively (or individual exhaust pipes going to a common junction for each group). With this arrangement, exhaust pulsations in the exhaust pipes 8, 9 follow one another twice at an interval of 205 5/7 degrees and once at an interval of 308 4/7 degrees, the latter interval tending to produce a sharp drop in pressure at the gas inlet to the supercharger 10. This is avoided by passing the exhaust gases from cylinder 1 via an exhaust pipe 11 and an optional diffuser 19 to a chamber 12 which at least partially smooths out the exhaust pressure peaks to provide a generally constant pressure in outlet pipes 13, 14. The pipes 13, 14 are joined to the pipes 8, 9 respectively, the generally constant pressure in the former partially compensating for sharp drops in pressure in the latter. The pipes 8, 9, 13, 14 may be constricted at their junctions to accelerate the gas flow to reduce back-flow into the chamber 12. To eliminate interaction between cylinder 1 and the other cylinders, valves may be provided in the pipes 13, 14, their opening being so regulated that gases are supplied from the chamber 12 to the supercharger 10 only for a definite period in the firing order. There may be more than one supercharger 10, which may be a turbo-charger or an aerodynamic pressure-wave machine.

External combustion engines: prospects for vehicular application

Abstract: EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ARE DISCUSSED AS POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE INTERNAL COMBUSION ENGINE FOR VEHICLE PROPULSION. POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES ARE LOW LEVELS OF EXHAUST POLLUTION, QUIET OPERATION, HIGH STARTING TORQUE, AND POSSIBLE LOWER COSTS DURING A VEHICLE LIFETIME. PRESENT EXPERIENCE WITH THE CALIFORNIA STEAM BUS PROJECT INDICATES THAT COMPETITIVE ROAD PERFORMANCE IS OBTAINABLE WITH STEAM- POWERED CITY BUSES, BUT FUEL CONSUMPTION IS HIGHER THAN WITH A DIESEL ENGINE. OPPORTUNITIES REMAIN OPEN FOR THE EVOLUTIONARY IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY. LOGICAL EARLY APPLICATIONS INCLUDE STOP-AND-GO FLEET VEHICLES. /AUTHOR/