Showing papers on "Diesel engine published in 1973"

Transient Evaporation and Combustion of a Fuel Droplet Near Its Critical Temperature

Abstract: Recently obtained exact solutions for the transport-controlled lifetime of an isolated sphere of arbitrary density and “solubility” in a quiescent, constant-property fluid are exploited to predict the corresponding behavior of a fuel droplet evaporating (with or without vapor phase combustion) into a surrounding dense gas Emphasis is placed on (i) systematic errors associated with the familiar quasi-steady (QS) approximation when applied to the vaporization of droplets which are not much denser than their surroundings, (ii) the chamber pressure-droplet temperature conditions under which the droplet will be driven to a subcritical (wet-bulb) temperature, or to its thermodynamic critical temperature, and (iii) the effects of gas/liquid solubility on the predicted lifetime of a fuel droplet Illustrative calculations are included for the case of a kerosene-like (x-dodecane) droplet evaporating into compression-heated air, as encountered in diesel engine cylinders

Diesel Engines Combustion and Emissions

Abstract: This chapter analyzes diesel combustion and emissions with emphasis on high-speed transportation engines The contribution of these engines to air pollution in the USA is presented in Table I as the relative percentage of the emissions from other sources(1) It may be seen that the two highest percentage emissions from the diesel engine are particulates and nitrogen oxides Its other emissions that are not shown in Table I are the oxygenated hydrocarbons (including aldehydes), the odor constituents, and noise The diesel emissions most offensive to the public are the exhaust odor and the visible smoke particulates

Fuel systems for engines

Abstract: A fuel system, particularly for a diesel engine, has an electronic governor receiving signals from transducers associated with the engine, and providing an input to a power amplifier which determines the pump output. In order to provide a safety feature, the magnitude of the input signal applied to the power amplifier is limited to a fixed level independent of the supply voltage of the system.

Excitation control arrangement for diesel-electric propulsion systems

Abstract: An improved load control system adapted for turbocharged dieselelectric locomotives wherein engine exhaust gasses drive the turbocharger. A power reference signal, corresponding to desired power output for the throttle setting, and a turbo speed signal, corresponding to a function of the actual rotational speed of the turbocharger rotor, are generated. The lower valued one of these signals is selected and compared with an actual power output signal, derived by multiplying signals representative of the output voltage and current of electric generating means driven by the diesel engine, so as to derive an error signal for modifying excitation of the generating means. Additional circuitry provides for reducing output of the generating means in the event the turbo rotor speed or the engine temperature exceed rated limits, and for limiting the output voltage and output current of the generating means to desired magnitudes.

Reciprocable piston internal combustion engine, especially diesel engine

Abstract: A reciprocable piston internal combustion engine, especially diesel engine, with an air guiding passage leading to a combustion chamber for combustion air to be conveyed by the air feeding passage. The air feeding passage is provided with twist-forming elements. Also means are provided for controlling air injection and are actuated dependent upon load or smoke with the opening cross section of the air feeding passage being variable within predetermined limits. The oxygen supply is kept low during the combustion of the air with the fuel in the center of the combustion chamber during all load ranges of the internal combustion engine. Combustion air which is rich in oxygen and stays close to the wall of the combustion chamber is affected by the radially progressing combustion only when the temperature in the combustion chamber or cylinder starts dropping in view of the expansion of the air-fuel mixture.

Method for controlling noxious components of exhaust gas from diesel engine

Abstract: A sensor is inserted in the exhaust pipe of a normally aspirated type diesel engine. When the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from the engine falls below a preset level, the sensor detects the insufficiency of oxygen concentration and causes oxygen to be supplied into the cylinder so as to make up for the shortage of oxygen. By thus maintaining the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas above the said preset level, noxious components of the exhaust gas are controlled.

Design Aspects of Low-Noise Diesel Engines

Abstract: Methods of reducing the noise level of a diesel engine include the suppression of the major modes of block vibration and treatment of the external surfaces. Design methods enable the frequencies and noise levels of these modes to be calculated for a conventionally designed engine. The important modes of vibration, the noise signature and the effect of block modifications of a standard production V-8 engine were found by experiments. These provided the basis for the design of an experimental low-noise engine. Design features include a stiffer block, removal of the bottom part of the crankcase skirt, the addition of a single bearing beam, and the use of isolated panels and damped surfaces. The noise reduction obtained was 9 dBA. Most of this is due to the use of isolated and damped nonload carrying surfaces.

Fuel injection system for diesel engines

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a diesel engine. An injection rate control device, such as an auxiliary spring, is connected in line with the conventional injection train which operates the injector plunger in synchronism with the rotation of the camshaft. When an auxiliary spring is used as the injection rate control device, the auxiliary spring has a lower spring rate than that of the injection train so that the injector plunger is advanced at a different rate when it is under the control of the auxiliary spring. Means are included for rendering the auxiliary spring ineffective during a portion of the plunger advancement so that the rate of plunger advancement is controlled by the auxiliary spring during the initial part of the advancing stroke, and by the conventional part of the injection train during the balance of the advancing stroke. The auxiliary spring automatically varies ignition timing and injection rate as a function of engine speed and/or load.

Remote starting system for diesel engines

Abstract: A system is disclosed for starting a diesel engine from a remote location utilizing a receiver for receiving a command signal from a remote location and generating an engine start signal in response thereto. The start signal actuates an energizing circuit which connects a potential source to a fuel feed mechanism, and which, in response to control signals from a two-stage time delay start mechanism, connects the potential source to the starter motor for the engine. A protection mechanism is coupled to the engerizing circuit and automatically de-energizes such circuit and positively terminates the feeding of fuel to the engine, thereby stopping the engine, upon the occurrence of any one of a number of predetermined events, including ''''racing'''' of the engine; ''''grinding'''' of the engine without starting; or ''''idling'''' of the engine for a predetermined period of time.

Hydraulically loaded injector nozzle

Abstract: In a diesel engine fuel injection system wherein the fuel injection nozzle comprises a valve which is opened by the injection pressure of the fuel during the injection interval, the present invention provides a nozzle valve closing means characterized by a continuously applied hydraulic closing force which varies directly as a function of the injection pressure The invention is particularly suited for use with a ''''common rail'''' injector system wherein the common rail pressure, which is amplified to provide the fuel injection pressure, is utilized to provide the hydraulic nozzle valve closing force The invention provides a lower than maximum valve closing force during engine starting, idling and periods of part load operation when the injection pressure is desirably reduced

Air bleeding device for a pressurised liquid supply system

Abstract: An air bleeding device in the fuel supply system of a diesel engine comprises a fuel tank connected between the feed pump and the fuel injection pump, and an air bleed valve in the tank which may be float controlled and which automatically opens when fuel in the tank falls to a predetermined level due to the entry of air into tank.

Barium Additives As Diesel Smoke Suppressants

Abstract: The body of information presented in this paper is directed to those individuals concerned with the emission of smoke from diesel engines. A series of tests was performed on a Petter Type AA1 diesel engine using barium smoke suppressant additives. An Andersen cascade type sampler was used to collect samples and thus study the effect of the additive upon the total smoke emission, smoke size distribution and smoke composition. For a portion of the tests radioactive barium (133Ba) and scintillation counting techniques were used. Type 1-D fuel was used for all tests. Baseline tests were performed to determine the smoke emission characteristics using nontreated fuel, 0.5% by volume of Bryton additive, and 0.75% by volume of Lubrizol additive. For the radioactive additive, tests were conducted using dosages of 0.13%, 0.26%, 0.41%, and 0.82% by volume. The results of these tests revealed that the additive does not alter the particle size distribution, but the total mass emission from the engine is reduced by app...

Diesel engine noise reduction by combustion and structural modifications

Abstract: Diesel engine noise can be reduced by modifying the combustion pressure-time history and the engine structure. This paper deals with the correlation between combustion excitation level and noise, and the effects of speed, timing, load, compression ratio, and combustion system configuration on combustion excitation. Engine structural modifications including increased stiffness, isolation, and damping are considered. The effects on noise and vibration are presented for increased block stiffness and isolation and damping of various engine covers.

Engine starter motor control for preventing damage during hydraulic lock

Abstract: A locomotive diesel engine starter motor control including a power supply, starter contacts and a parallel circuit comprised of a normally open contacter and an impedance series coupled with the starter motor. A circuit is provided for opening and closing the contacter so as to periodically insert the impedance in series with the starter motor as a function of starter motor speed to regulate the speed and the torque applied to the engine to a specified limit for a time duration that insures that the engine is rotated at least one revolution with the torque applied thereto being insufficient to rotate the engine through a hydraulic lock. After the time duration, the contacter is maintained closed to allow the starting motor to crank the engine at full speed at maximum applied torque.

Glow plug cct. for diesel engine starting - has timer and relay to limit preheating time

Abstract: Starter circuit for a diesel engine with glow plug(s) projecting into the combustion space and connected to an electrical energy source before initially turning the engine over, to preheat the combustion space. A relay is in the circuit of the plug(s) with the exciter coil in series with the switching region of an electronic switching element whose control region is acted on by an electronic time switch. Pref. the time switch has its switching region in parallel with the control region of the switch element and bridging it after an adjustable time interval has elapsed. The preheating time is controlled, in order to conserve the battery.

Matching of High Output Diesel Engines with Associated Turbomachinery: First Paper: A General Approach to the Computer Solution of Single- and Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine Matching

Abstract: The first paper describes the general approach adopted in the solution of steady-state matching of single-stage turbocharged engines with fixed and variable geometry turbines and two-stage turbocharged engines developed from general principles first reported in (1). Individual components are represented either by systems of equations or by multi-dimensional numerical arrays embodied in separate subroutines which are called from a main-linking programme containing the overall matching equations. Appropriate iterative procedures from initially assumed values of boost and turbocharger speed (for single- or two-stage arrangements) are briefly described.The programmes have been run both in batch processing and interactive mode, and in the latter form have been found particularly valuable as teaching aids.

Lubricating oil composition

Abstract: The incorporation of at least one of certain nitrogen-oxygen containing compounds into lubricating oil compositions comprising mineral oil of lubricating viscosity and at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonate overbased sulfonate and/or phenate improves the wear properties of the lubricating composition toward metals, in particular silver. These lubricating oil compositions may be used by maintaining a lubricating amount of the composition on the components of an internal combustion engine, in particular a railroad diesel engine having silver components, requiring lubrication.

Apparatus for controlling rate of fuel injection

Abstract: Means for control of the rate of fuel injection in a diesel engine injection system characterized by a separate fuel injector for each engine cylinder. Each injector is supplied with discrete metered quantities of fuel which are discharged therefrom upon actuation of the injector by an injector piston which is driven by a high pressure fluid to pump the fuel through an associated injection nozzle. The rate of injection is controlled by varying the rate of flow of the high pressure fluid into the piston chamber. In the preferred embodiment, the piston comprises an elongated cylindrical member having a concentric bore open at one end and having ports opening into said bore through which the high pressure fluid passes from a communicating annulus. The piston ports are shaped in a predetermined configuration to cooperate with the annulus as the piston travels across the annulus to regulate the rate of flow of fluid into the piston bore and hence the rate of travel of the piston and the rate of injection of the fuel through the injection nozzle. In a modified embodiment, a plurality of piston ports are utilized to produce a pilot injection prior to the main injection. To facilitate the return of the piston following injection, a spill conduit connecting with the end of the piston chamber is provided which is opened in proper timed relationship to the piston movement by the valve controlling the admission of the high pressure fluid to the piston chamber.

Diesel engine noise reduction hardware for vehicle noise control

Abstract: A range of hardware has been developed and put in production for three basic diesel engine models. The hardware includes parts for the isolation of components and shields mounted externally to the engine. Overall engine noise reductions in the test cell are as much as 6 dB(A). The reduction of noise by external methods has been taken to the point where, in many cases, the noise is now distributed evenly from the engine surfaces. Treatment of any one surface, henceforth, will result in less significant reductions in total engine noise.

Diesel tractor for articulated mine vehicles

Abstract: A diesel tractor for articulated mine vehicles comprises a frame including parallel rectangular tubular members interconnected at their extreme front ends by a transverse rectangular tubular member and extending to inverted U-shaped portions. A diesel engine is mounted at the front end of the frame between the parallel members and drives a power shift transmission which in turn drives a differential. The differential includes axles which extend outwardly through the inverted U-shaped portions of the frame to a pair of planetary hubs. Tires are mounted on the planetary hub and function as the sole support for the tractor. The frame further includes a grille and a pair of side portions extending outwardly from the parallel portions of the frame in front of the tires. One of the side portions supports a fuel tank and an air cleaner for the diesel engine, and the other side portion supports an oxy-catalyst scrubber which receives the exhaust of the diesel engine. The parallel members of the frame extend rearwardly from the differential for connection to a trailer by means of an articulated joint. An operator''s compartment is mounted between the parallel members of the frame behind the differential and includes a laterally facing seat which facilitates concurrent observation of the diesel tractor and the trailer. All of the operating components of the diesel tractor are positioned beneath a normally horizontally disposed plane extending tangent to the tops of the tires.

Pulse Converters—A Method of Improving the Performance of the Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Abstract: Today, most turbocharged diesel engines operate on the pulse system. This is most effective on those engines whose exhaust manifolds can connect groups of three cylinders to a turbine entry without scavenging interference, e.g. three-, six-, nine- and twelve-cylinder engines. However, when only two cylinders can be connected to each turbine entry, e.g. four-, eight- and sixteen-cylinder engines, without interference, the system is usually less efficient. This is because the widely fluctuating, partial admission turbine conditions lower the average turbine efficiency. Recently, the pulse converter has been developed to improve the performance of such engines.A detailed investigation into the operation and application of the pulse converter has been conducted. Test results from three completely different types of engines showed substantial improvements in performance. The dependence of the pulse converter on engine speed and load, the effect of area variations in the pulse converter and the timing of the in...

Educational device for learning the fundamentals of a diesel engine and fuel injector system

Abstract: An educational kit for teaching the parts and operation of a typical diesel engine assembly is disclosed. The kit comprises audiovisual instructional equipment, a simulator board upon which is graphically depicted indicia representing a schematic diagram of a cylinder and fuel system assembly and a fuel injector, and a plurality of manipulative pieces upon which are graphically depicted schematic diagrams of various parts of a diesel engine assembly or word indicia naming various parts of said system. The pieces are adapted to be positioned on the simulator board such that the user of the kit may graphically depict the assembly, relationship of parts, and operation of a diesel engine system.