Showing papers on "Diesel engine published in 1976"

Models for combustion and formation of nitric oxide and soot in direct injection diesel engines. SAE Paper 760129

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed for predicting the concentration of exhaust nitric oxide, soot and other emissions in a direct injection diesel engine. In the model, it was emphasized to describe the phenomena occurring in the combustion chamber from the microscopic point of view. The prediction was based on the knowledges concerning a single droplet as well as the droplet size distribution in a fuel spray and the spatial and temporal distribution histories of fuel in a combustion chamber. The heterogeneous field of temperature and equivalence ratio, and uniform pressure in the cylinder were postulated. The heat release model gives the burning rate of injected fuel and pressure and temperature history in the cylinder. The concentration of nitric oxide and soot in the cylinder was predicted by the emission formation model. In order to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis, the calculated results were compared with the experimental results for typical direct injection diesel engine.

Compounding the Truck Diesel Engine with an Organic Rankine-Cycle System

Abstract: An organic Rankine-cycle system (ORCS) operating on the heat from the exhaust gases of a truck diesel engine is described. The addition of an ORCS to a long haul diesel truck can improve the fuel economy by 15% over a typical duty cycle. Emission levels will also be reduced by an amount equal to the gain in efficiency. At the peak power condition, 36 additional horse-power was produced, a gain of 13% in power without additional fuel. /GMRL/

Fuel Droplet Size Distribution in Diesel Combustion Chamber

Abstract: In order to determine spray droplet size in diesel engine, fuel was injected into high pressure gaseous environments with a diesel engine injection system. Droplet size was measured using the liquid immersion sampling technique with the mixtute of water-methylcellulose solution and ethanol used as an immersion liquid for diesel fuel oil. The volume distribution of diesel spray droplet is well correlated with chi-square distribution with freedom, φ=8 in the range of this investigation. The Sauter mean diameter increased with increasing back pressure, with the amount of fuel in a spray and with decreasing pump speed. An empirical correlation was developed between effective injection pressure, air density, the quantity of the fuel delivery and the Sauter mean diameter of spray droplets.

Hydrogen-fueled engine

Abstract: A hydrogen-oxygen fueled internal combustion engine is described herein, which utilizes an inert gas, such as argon, as a working fluid to increase the efficiency of the engine, eliminate pollution, and facilitate operation of a closed cycle energy system. In a system where sunlight or other intermittent energy source is available to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water, the oxygen and inert gas are taken into a diesel engine into which hydrogen is injected and ignited. The exhaust is cooled so that it contains only water and the inert gas. The inert gas in the exhaust is returned to the engine for use with fresh oxygen, while the water in the exhaust is returned to the intermittent energy source for reconversion to hydrogen and oxygen.

The Development of the Diesel Engine

Abstract: In 1912, when the diesel engine was about twenty years old, just coming of age after a prolonged infancy and a painful adolescence, it was the subject of a celebrated controversy, in which the inventor, Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913), and two distinguished professors of engineering discussed the very topic that concerns us in this symposium: the distinctions among invention, development, and innovation as parts of the total process of technological evolution. These three words are commonly used rather loosely, and I do not need to make very sharp distinctions among them because my main point is that in the real world the three processes to which these words refer are not sharply separated. But let me begin by saying that I am thinking of an invention as the appearance of an idea in someone's mind, an event in intellectual history; of development as the conversion of an idea into some kind of workable reality, such as an engine that runs; and of innovation as the introduction of the developed invention into the economy as a useful, salable product. The 1912 controversy began when Diesel heard that Adolph Nagel of Dresden was planning a book on the history of the diesel engine. Diesel was naturally nervous about what Nagel would say, for he was a sensitive and proud man, and there had been some troublesome uncertainties and misunderstandings about the invention of his engine and the validity of his patent. So the inventor prepared his own account of the origin of his engine and presented it at a meeting of the German Society of Naval Architects in November 1912. In the discussion period following the paper, two professors launched an attack on Diesel that raised disturbing questions about his professional integrity. Their main point was that the engine that emerged from the development process was not the same as the engine that Diesel invented, and that credit for it should go to the practical engineers who

Method and means for pre-heating the intake air of a supercharged, low-compression ratio diesel engine when operating at low load

Abstract: A device for and process of pre-heating the intake air of a supercharged, low-compression ratio Diesel engine when operating at low loads, comprising the apparatus for and steps of taking the heat required for said pre-heating from at least one portion of the exhaust gases of said engine and conveying it to at least one part of the intake air. The device includes heat exchange apparatus having a heating fluid inlet connected to the diesel engine exhaust line through a three-way valve, a heating fluid outlet, a heated fluid inlet, a heated fluid outlet connected to the intake air duct of the engine, and a heat conveying means moving in a closed path between the heating fluid and the heated fluid. A temperature sensor in the air intake duct controls the three-way valve to apportion the flow of exhaust gases between the heating fluid inlet and the atmosphere to maintain a predetermined minimum intake air temperature.

Methods of supercharging a diesel engine, in supercharged diesel engines, and in supercharging units for diesel engines

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the expansible chamber type and preferably a diesel engine is equipped with a turbo-compressor unit, comprising at least one compressor and at least one turbine, and at least one bypass pipe enabling direct and permanent passage for the air delivered through the compressor to the turbine inlet. The diesel engine is supercharged by the compressor driven by the turbine. Regulating means are provided to limit the rotary speed of the supercharging unit so that it operates at or above a minimum threshold value such that the engine, which has a compression ratio of less than 12, can be started and kept running at low power without difficulty. For engines requiring scavenging, throttle means with variable passage cross section are arranged so as to be traversed by generating between the upstream and downstream parts of the bypass pipe a pressure difference which is an increasing function of the pressure existing in the upstream part regardless of the engine speed and therefore which is independent of the air flow passing through said throttle means. The increasing function may be a linear or substantially linear function. A combustion chamber is arranged upstream of the turbine and supplied by air which has passed through the bypass pipe, by fuel under the control of the regulating means and also, in some embodiments, by exhaust gases from the engine.

Some Problems in Diesel Engine Research with Special Reference to Computer Control and Data Acquisition

Abstract: SYNOPSIS A versatile computer-based testing and data acquisition facility developed to improve the speed and accuracy of engine research work is described. The role of computer-aided technology is illustrated through the discussion of two quite separate problems.Fuel burning rates (heat release diagrams) are the most basic measurement of combustion, yet highly sophisticated equipment and techniques are required to obtain accurate rate diagrams. The problem is illustrated through the derivation of heat release data by analysis of averaged and smoothed cylinder pressure diagrams from naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesel engines. Techniques developed for transducer mounting, choice of sampling interval, data-logging, processing, smoothing, etc. are presented.During transient conditions (e.g. sudden load chnages) a turbocharged diesel engine moves through operating regimes not normally encountered in steady state operation. Although empirical models have been used to prodict the transient response of t...

A study of fuel injection systems in diesel engines

Abstract: The authors show their analytical model of the fuel injection system in a diesel engine In the first part, the authors initially describes the model assumptions, classification of injection phenomena, and fundamental equations considering the compressibility, inertia and viscocity of hydraulics and the movements of valves and other components to improve the accuracy of the systems Secondly regarding the experimental constants and physical properties of the fuel, the authors show the method of selection they used to simplify the analytical model and to get good agreement as a result but without losing physical meanings

Apparatus and methods of detecting injection in a diesel engine

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for detecting the injection into an internal combustion engine, and in particular a diesel engine, comprising an injection pump, by means of an injector and at least one length of connecting tubing between the pump and the injector, this apparatus comprising means for detecting the transverse deformation of the connecting tubing under the pressure of the injected fuel. The detection means are disposed between gripper means for firmly locking the connecting tubing at two non-contiguous zones, and are carried by these gripper means in such a way that the sensitive parts of the detection means are applied, in the operative position of the apparatus, at least to the central part of the tubing between these two zones.

Regenerative-filter-incinerator device

Abstract: A regenerative-filter-incinerator device, for use in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of the diesel type, includes a drum-like regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly rotatably mounted within a housing that is adapted to be installed directly in the exhaust gas stream discharged from a diesel engine as close to the engine as possible, the regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly provides an inner chamber which serves as a reaction chamber for the secondary combustion of exhaust gases including particulates discharged from the engine. The regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly includes a plurality of separately rotatable heat exchange-filter elements pervious to radial flow of fluid therethrough and adapted to filter out particulates from the exhaust gases and to carry them into the reaction chamber. During engine operation, the reaction chamber is provided with a quantity of heat, as necessary, to effect secondary combustion of the exhaust gases and particulates by means of an auxiliary heat source and the heat generated within the reaction chamber is stored in the individual heat exchange-filter elements during the discharge of exhaust gases therethrough from the reaction chamber and this heat is then transferred to the inflowing volume of the exhaust gases so that, in effect, exhaust gas is discharged from the device at substantially the same temperature as it was during its inlet into the device from the engine.

Metering valve for fuel injection

Abstract: A pilot fuel injection system for a diesel engine. One embodiment of the system includes a high pressure fuel pump, an accumulator, a mechanical fuel distributor, a pair of fuel metering valves for each cylinder of the engine, a fuel injection nozzle for each cylinder, and an electronic logic for controlling actuation of the metering valves; in a second system embodiment a pair of the metering valves supply fuel to all of the engine cylinders. Several embodiments of the metering valve are disclosed, some of which allows exclusion of the mechanical fuel distributor from the system. All of the disclosed metering valves meter fuel from the pump to the nozzles by traversing a passage in a valving member across another passage. Motion is imparted to the valving member by electromagnetic means which are energized by the electronic logic. The logic is responsive to engine speed and throttle position.

The Simulation of Air Fuel Mixing in High Swirl Open Chamber Diesel Engines

Abstract: SYNOPSIS The air fuel mixing process in the high swirl open chamber diesel engine is simulated by a steady state gas jet injected into a steady air swirl flow. The results from the simulation show good agreement with engine studies using high speed photography.An attempt to quantify fuel dispersion has been made through the introduction of a mixing parameter, which allows for combustion system geometry in addition to fuel jet and air swirl momenta.

A Comparison between Experimental and Analytical Transient Test Results for a Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Abstract: A computer controlled diesel engine test-bed is described. The system is capable of excursions into regions of very low air-fuel ratio operation without damage to the engine; this enables the engine "steady-state" characteristics to be measured for off-design operating conditions. A computer-based data acquisition system was developed to acquire test-bed results under engine transient operating conditions. An analogue computer model of the engine was constructed using the steady-state characteristics of the engine as obtained from on- and off-design. This model operated in real-time and was suitable for both studies of engine control systems and the testing of control hardware. Results obtained from the test-bed and the model are compared. It is shown that good agreement can be achieved by minor modifications to the model based on steady state results. /Author/TRRL/

Stratified charge type combustion process for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine utilizing same

Abstract: A combustion engine which may be either of the spark-ignition type or the compression-ignition type (Diesel engine) is so constructed that two separate charges having different compositions are injected into a combustion chamber during the intake stroke. The charges are maintained essentially separate, i.e., in stratified condition, during the compression stroke. The combustion process which ensues results in emission of substantially lower quantities of unburnt hydrocarbons, partially-burned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides than is the case with conventional engines operating either with non-stratified charges or with conventional exhaust gas recirculation systems. One of the charges includes recirculated exhaust gases.

Horizontal type diesel engine

Abstract: A horizontal type Diesel engine wherein a gear case is juxtaposed to a crankcase axially of a crank shaft, said crankcase horizontally receiving a cylinder therein and a radiator and a fuel tank are juxtaposed on top of the crankcase. The Diesel engine is characterized by a breather disposed on the upper wall of the gear case substantially at the middle between the front and rear ends thereof and an oil partition wall opposed to the breather, the arrangement being such that even if the vehicle on which this engine is mounted is tilted, the lubricating oil contained in the crankcase and gear case will not leak. Further, a governor shaft vertically pivotally supported by the gear case has its one end projecting into the breather so as to prevent the oil from leaking into the outside along the end of the governor shaft.

AVCR 1360-2 High Specific Output-Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine

Abstract: This paper addresses the development of the Teledyne Continental Motors' (TCM) AVCR 1360-2 variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine. The unique configuration and resulting performance of this 335 BMEP engine are presented. The special features of the engine design which were refined during the AVCR 1360-2 development phase are discussed. Programs for development of satisfactory steady state and transient performance and the design modifications necessary to reduce the peak transient smoke burst to acceptable levels are described. /GMRL/

New look at multigraded diesel engine oils

Abstract: Benefits for multigraded oils developed for diesel engine service have been found in performance areas such as low temperature engine craking/starting, oil csonsumption rate, bearing wear, and fuel economy in stop-and-go service. Studies continue to indicate that multigraded diesel engine oils should be formulated with a minimum amount of pure polymer, consistent with desired viscometric targets, in order to minimize piston deposit formation. Premium multigraded, extended drain lubricants depend upon modern viscosity improver technology coupled with improved detergent-inhibitor additive technology.

Water cooled internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine

Abstract: A water cooled internal combustion engine which comprises a cylinder head cast integrally with both the cylinder block and the housing of an overhead camshaft, and which includes a cooling water room extending over all cylinders of the engine, a cooling water distributor channel extending in the longitudinal direction of the engine and arranged immediately above the exhaust ducts, which themselves extend transversely of the engine to an exterior cylinder head side wall, and jet bores communicating the distributor channel with the cooling water room of each cylinder.

Fuel jet apparatus for diesel engine

Abstract: PURPOSE: To simplify the operation of the fuel jet pump by connecting the air vent port of the fuel jet pump with the excess fuel return pipe of the jet nozzle through the air vent tube capable of being opened and closed by the usually closed electromagnetic valve. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio

Study on the Cycle-by-Cycle Variation in Diesel Engines

Abstract: In order to study the cycle-by-cycle variations of combustion in a diesel engine, a continuous data acquisition system utilizing the analog computing circuits was developed and its accuracy was verified satisfactorily. Preliminary experiment proved that the amount of injected fuel per cycle could be measured indirectly by the integrated value of the injection nozzle lift. Then, applying the whole system to a two-stroke diesel engine, the necessary data including the indicated mean effective pressure etc. were collected and analyzed statistically. The result indicates that the irregularity of amount of injected fuel per cycle, which is subjected to the varying characteristics of the injection system concerned, mainly governs the variation of the indicated mean effective pressure.

Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Fuel Blends Containing Used Lubricating Oil

Abstract: An experimental program was conducted to determine the effect of burning used lubricating oil mixed with fuel oil in a single cylinder Diesel engine. The used lubricating oil-fuel oil ratios used in this study were 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% used lubricating oil by volume. The effect of burning these blends on unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen is reported along with a comparison to baseline values for pure Diesel fuel. The general condition of wear in the engine along with deposit formation and anaysis is reported. The effect of the used lubricating oil on thermal efficiency and BSFC is shown. /GMRL/

Safety anti-theft device for vehicles having a diesel engine

Abstract: A safety device for a diesel engined vehicle comprises a key operated lock controlling starting and stopping of the engine and a steering wheel lock mechanism. The device is such that prevents the steering wheel from being locked while the engine is running.

A Simulation of Diesel Engine Combustion Noise

Abstract: The influence of the shape of the burning rate curve on engine noise, especially on combustion noise was studied in detail and clarification of the relationship was successfully made. /GMRL/

Tool for removing injectors from diesel engines

Abstract: A tool for removing injectors from diesel engines having a working head proportioned to fit closely within the outer end of the central passage of a diesel injector and provided with a shoulder for limiting penetration thereinto. A transverse passage in the working head contains a spring-loaded pin having a stop to limit the distance by which the outer end of the pin projects beyond the cylindrical surface of the working head when the tool is not in use. In use, the spring-loaded pin is depressed to permit the outer end of the working head to be inserted into the central passage of the diesel injector until the shoulder bears against the diesel injector. The working head is replaceably carried on an elongated shaft, and a massive cylindrical driving member is slideable on the same shaft between a stop at the outer end of the shaft and the working head. The proportions are such that, when the working head is inserted into the diesel injector as far as the shoulder will permit; rotation of the tool about its axis brings the pin into alignment with a pre-existing bore in the wall of the diesel injector. Upon reaching such alignment, the pin is urged into the pre-existing bore by its spring, thus locking the tool to the injector so that the driven member can be repeatably struck against the driver stop to thus remove the injector from the diesel engine.

Control apparatus for diesel engine

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved control apparatus for a Diesel engine. The control apparatus includes an auxiliary intake air throttle device as well as a conventional main throttle device, which is actuable and throttles intake air only during engine idling and light-load operation in order to reduce the engine noise. The apparatus is further provided with a fuel metering device for ensuring the precise control on fuel metering when the auxiliary intake air throttle device is actuated so that the engine stall may be prevented.

Air bleeding device

Abstract: An automatically operating air bleeding device for a liquid supply system, especially a fuel supply system for a diesel engine, comprises a tank having a fuel inlet, an upper air outlet valve, a lower fuel outlet valve, a pivotally mounted float and a pivotally mounted follower member resting on the float for effecting opening of the air outlet valve if the fuel in the tank falls to a first predetermined level due to the entry of air into the tank, and for closing the fuel outlet valve if the fuel falls to a second and lower predetermined level, and a magnet on the follower for actuating a switch for a warning device prior to the fuel lowering to said second level.

Fuel system for compression ignition engine

Abstract: A turbocharged diesel engine fuel system has its output fuel pressure varied upon acceleration as a direct function of the engine's manifold air pressure. The improvement of an orifice and chamber of predetermined size produces a delay in the transmission of the manifold air pressure signal to the fuel system. This, in turn, causes a delay in the increase of fuel rate to the engine thereby minimizing acceleration smoke without hurting engine power during steady state operation.