Diffraction efficiency

About: Diffraction efficiency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10320 publications have been published within this topic receiving 158298 citations.

Atom Optics

Abstract: In the field of m m optics, re~earclir~s are attempting to realize the same optical elements for atomic beams ~f is M " D ~ in the convenliond optics, Many laborstories around the world have made beautiful demonstratiom ofdevices such as mirrors, lenses. diffraction gratings, wave guides, resonators and interferometers for atoms. The applications oC these new techniques mnge from new experiment.; probing the ivaw nature of matter to the possibility of wil ing nsnosfrucfvres on surfaces. This tutorial will give a general overview ofthe lield as it now Presider: F. Trager, Universilaf Kasse/, Kasie/, GERMANY 08.30 QMA1 (Invited) DOCHART

Portable waveguide display system with a large field of view by integrating freeform elements and volume holograms

Abstract: A compact waveguide display system integrating freeform elements and volume holograms is presented here for the first time. The use of freeform elements can broaden the field of view, which limits the applications of a holographic waveguide. An optimized system can achieve a diagonal field of view of 45° when the thickness of the waveguide planar is 3mm. Freeform-elements in-coupler and the volume holograms out-coupler were designed in detail in our study, and the influence of grating configurations on diffraction efficiency was analyzed thoroughly. The off-axis aberrations were well compensated by the in-coupler and the diffraction efficiency of the optimized waveguide display system could reach 87.57%. With integrated design, stability and reliability of this monochromatic display system were achieved and the alignment of the system was easily controlled by the record of the volume holograms, which makes mass production possible.

Analyses of the Diffraction Efficiencies, Birefringence, and Surface Relief Gratings on Azobenzene-Containing Polymer Films

Abstract: Dynamical experimental studies on the diffraction efficiencies and the formation of birefringence grating and surface relief grating on doped and/or covalently bonded azobenzene derivatives containing polymer films were carried out using laser beams with different polarizations. From polarization analyses of the first-order (±1) diffracted beams, the contributions to the diffraction efficiency are separated into an anisotropic (or birefringence) part and a surface relief part. During the growth of the gratings the dynamical responses of both contributions appear to be quite distinct, and estimates of the time variations of the anisotropic phase shift, Δφ, due to the induced birefringence and of the surface relief height, 2Δd, due to the polymer mass transport are obtained. Calculations and simulations of the theoretical expressions allow us to confirm the experimental findings and to reproduce all the observed polarized first-order diffraction curves with good agreement, even when the surface relief is im...

Method and apparatus for projection exposing

Abstract: PURPOSE: To simultaneously satisfy the large exposure field and the high resolution by diffracting the light passed through the pattern of a mask via a projection optical system, and reproducing a mask pattern on a sample from the diffracted light to be exposed. CONSTITUTION: A diffraction grating A is inserted between a mask 1 and a projection optical system 2, and a diffraction grating B is inserted between the system 2 and a wafer 4. The mask is obliquely emitted from a different direction. In this case, both the gratings A and B are assumed to be phase gratings and that the illuminated lights R, L from the two directions are coherent to each other. A zero order light R0 reaches a point A0 on the grating A, where the light diffracted in + primary direction is passed through the left end of a pupil 3, and arrived at a point B0 on the grating B. Thereafter, it is diffracted by the grating B in + primary and - primary directions, and arrived at Q and P on image surfaces. The + primary diffracted light R1 arrives at the point A1 on the grating A, where the light diffracted in the + primary direction is passed through the right end of the pupil, and arrived at the point B1 on the grating B.

Numerical analysis of polarization gratings using the finite-difference time-domain method

Abstract: We report the first full numerical analysis of polarization gratings (PGs), and study their most general properties and limits by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In this way, we avoid limiting assumptions on material properties or grating dimensions (e.g., no paraxial approximations) and provide a more complete understanding of PG diffraction behavior. We identify the fundamental delineation between diffraction regimes (thin versus thick) for anisotropic gratings and determine the conditions for $\ensuremath{\approx}100%$ diffraction efficiency in the framework of the coupled-wave $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $Q$ parameters. Diffraction characteristics including the efficiency, spectral response, and polarization sensitivity are investigated for the two primary types of PGs with linear and circular birefringence. The angular response and finite-grating behavior (i.e., pixelation) are also examined. Comparisons with previous analytic approximations, where applicable, show good agreement.