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Diffraction grating
About: Diffraction grating is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24884 publications have been published within this topic receiving 372437 citations. The topic is also known as: grating.
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TL;DR: In this article, the diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a photoresist grating lying on a dielectric optical guide was studied and the sharp resonances were found to correspond with the existence of modes in the optical guide.
162 citations
TL;DR: This work derived theoretically the ultimate sensitivity limits of the grating devices employed either as switches or as gas sensors, and demonstrated new switching and gas-sensing effects in integrated optics using input and output grating couplers and Bragg reflector gratings with 1200 lines/mm on planar SiO-TiO(2) waveguides.
Abstract: We have demonstrated new switching and gas-sensing effects in integrated optics using input and output grating couplers and Bragg reflector gratings with 1200 lines/mm on planar SiO2–TiO2 waveguides. Switching is actuated by adsorption or desorption of water or other adsorbates on the waveguide surface through a change in the effective index of the guided modes under the grating. We derived theoretically the ultimate sensitivity limits of the grating devices employed either as switches or as gas sensors. Switching requires the adsorption and desorption, respectively, of less than one H2O monolayer. Sensors can detect variations in surface coverage of 1/100 of an H2O monolayer.
161 citations
TL;DR: A surface-emitting semiconductor laser that utilizes a concentric circle grating defined by electron-beam lithography is observed to oscillate in a circularly symmetric fashion.
Abstract: A surface‐emitting semiconductor laser that utilizes a concentric‐circle grating defined by electron‐beam lithography is observed to oscillate in a circularly symmetric fashion. The laser emits a circularly symmetric beam with a total beam divergence of less than 1°. Despite its broad‐area geometry, the laser shows no evidence of filamentation. The laser maintains a relatively narrow wavelength spectrum approximately 1 A in width.
161 citations
Patent•
08 Mar 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, an embedded optical sensor has a plurality of layers (10-20) and an optical fiber (21) with a fiber grating (28), disposed between the layers (14, 16).
Abstract: An embedded optical sensor has a plurality of layers (10-20) and an optical fiber (21) with a fiber grating (28), disposed between the layers (14, 16). The layers (10-20) comprise filaments (22) and resin (24) which have different thermal expansion coefficients and the filaments (22) are oriented so as to create unequal transverse residual stresses that act through the geometry of a resin-rich region that surrounds on the grating (28) in the fiber (21). The unequal transverse residual stresses cause birefringence in the grating (28), thereby causing the grating (28) to reflect light (32) having two wavelengths with a predetermined separation, each along a different polarization axis. The wavelength separation and average wavelength between such separation have different sensitivities to temperature and strain, thereby allowing independent temperature and strain measurements using only a single grating. The birefringence is maximized when the filaments (22) of the adjacent layers (10, 12) are oriented at 90 degrees with respect to the longitudinal (Z-axis) of the fiber (21).
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the physics of diffraction gratings and detail the interest in them for pulse compression of high-power laser systems, showing that the unique spectral properties of these gratings revolutionized the field of high energy laser systems.
Abstract: Diffraction gratings were discovered during the 18th century, and they are now widely used in spectrometry analysis, with outstanding achievements spanning from the probing of single molecules in biological samples to the analysis of solar systems in astronomy. The fabrication of high-quality diffraction gratings requires precise control of the period at a nanometer scale. The discovery of lasers in the 1960s gave birth to optical beam lithography in the 1970s. This technology revolutionized the fabrication of diffraction gratings by offering highly precise control of the grating period over very large scales. It is surprising to see that a few years after, the unique spectral properties of diffraction gratings revolutionized, in turn, the field of high-energy lasers. We review in this paper the physics of diffraction gratings and detail the interest in them for pulse compression of high-power laser systems.
161 citations