Showing papers on "Diffuser (sewage) published in 1985"

Effect of organic substances on mass transfer in bubble aeration

Abstract: Dispersion of gas bubbles in water has a wide application in aeration and ozonation processes. The rate of mass transfer in such systems depends strongly on the wastewater quality as well as on the design and operational characteristics of gas liquid contact units. Small amounts of surface active compounds in water were shown to reduce the overall mass transfer coefficient, kLa, in single bubble systems1,2,3 and in swarms of bubbles.4 This effect was attributed to the decrease in the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, kL.l~5 The adsorption of the large molecules of surfactants reduced the surface tension of water,1,467 reduced the bubble size,1,3,4,8 lowered the terminal velocity of bub bles,9-11 and increased the drag coefficient.5,10 Accordingly, surfactants were believed to reduce the kL by depressing the hydrodynamic activity, and by offering additional barriers for the passage of gas molecules at the gas-liquid interface. Higher concentrations of the surfactants improved kLa\ this was attributed to the increase in the interfacial area caused by the formation of smaller bubbles.1,4 On the other hand, Zieminski and his co-workers8,12"14 reported a definite improvement in kLa in the presence of various alcohols and carboxylic acids. The authors stated the principle action of such substances to be prevention of bubble coalescence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of various organic substances on the characteristics of oxygen transfer from air bubbles to water. The compounds listed in Table 1 were chosen to represent various groups of water contaminants. To elucidate the effective mechanisms, experi ments were conducted by using either a fritted glass diffuser or a capillary for gas dispersion. The effects of gas flow rate, pH, and ionic strength were also examined.

Catalytic camping stove

Abstract: A catalytic stove is provided comprising a mixing chamber having one end adapted to receive a fuel can and an opposite end provided with a diffuser. A plate provided with a grid of between 200 and 400 openings per square inch extends across the exit end of the diffuser. A catalytic surface is coated on the exit portion of the plate. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium.

Fine bubble diffuser and diffuser system having filtered blow-down tube

Abstract: An improved fine bubble diffuser and diffuser system is provided. The diffuser includes a filtered blow-down tube for containing an internal gas pressure within the diffuser and allowing water to be removed from the system and further includes a filter disposed between the blow-down tube and the diffuser for filtering solids from water entering the diffuser.

Apparatus for microaquaculture and pollution control

Abstract: Apparatus for producing and removing dissolved and particulate matter from natural bodies of water and wastewater in situ for the production of organic biomass such as feedstocks, for the removal of pollutants, nutrients, toxins and other substances, and for other purposes. A gas is introduced through a diffuser into a body of water to form bubbles. The bubbles rise within a lifting tube, gathering dissolved and particulate matter on their surfaces. The bubbles produce a foam at the surface of the body of water, the foam being collected in a reservoir, concentrated and drawn off.

Multistage micronic in-line after-air filter

Abstract: An in-line after-air filter is disclosed for optimal filtration of a maximum volume of air flowing to the engine. A multiple filter system comprising discrete abutting reticulated foam filter elements of different porosity impregnated with a petroleum-based agent trap air contaminants as the air flows from the primary filter to the engine manifold. An air expansion coupling, flared air inlet port and an air diffuser allow maximum air flow through the filter elements. A retainer plate having numerous six-sided openings allows a maximum volume of air to flow through the outlet port and the air funneler coupling to the engine manifold.

Venturi powder pump having rotating diffuser

Abstract: An improved powder pump for pumping air entrained solid particulate powder material comprising a pneumatic conveyor line within which there is located a low pressure venturi pumping chamber. This venturi pumping chamber is intersected by a powder supply passage through which powder is drawn into the conveyor line. Located within the powder supply passage is a rotatable tubular powder diffuser through which the powder passes in the course of passage through the powder supply passage. Rotation of the diffuser is effected by atomizing or metering air flow to the powder flow passage upstream of the venturi pumping chamber. This atomizing air flow, in addition to effecting rotation of the diffuser, also controls the rate of flow of powder through the powder supply passage and into the venturi pumping chamber.

Experiments on a Ceramic Electrolysis Cell and a Palladium Diffuser at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly

Abstract: A ceramic electrolysis cell and a palladium diffuser have been developed in Japan and tested with tritium at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, to test their feasibility as possible upgrades for the fuel cleanup system (FCU). The ceramic electrolysis cell, made of stabilized zirconia, was operated at 630/sup 0/C for an extended period with a mixture of 3% T/sub 2/O in He carrier gas in a circulation system with an oxidizing catalyst bed. The palladium diffuser was tested with pure tritium gas, circulated at 280/sup 0/C, to verify the compatibility of the alloy with tritium, since the /sup 3/He produced in the metal could cause degradation. The isotopic effects were also measured for both devices.

Diffuser wall control

Abstract: In a motor driven centrifugal compressor having a diffuser containing a movable wall for varying the width of the diffuser passage, control equipment is provided for continually changing the wall position in response to changes in motor current.

Flame retention burner apparatus and method

Abstract: This invention relates to a flame retention burner apparatus and method of using same which can be mounted in various heat exchange apparatus and operable to efficiently and effectively achieve the diffusion and atomization of air and fuel particles for a high efficiency burning process. The flame retention burner apparatus includes a combustion head assembly having a (1) a main combustion chamber housing; (2) an inlet fuel and air diffuser assembly to initially cause agitation of fuel and air being admitted thereto; (3) a retention plate and cylinder assembly mounted within the inlet fuel and air diffuser assembly to achieve further agitation of the air particles; and (4) an air and fuel diffuser assembly operable to diffuse the inlet air particles in a new and novel manner and also to inject a liquid fuel when in that particular fuel type usage mode. The combination of the inlet fuel and air diffuser assembly, the retention plate and the cylinder assembly, and the air and fuel diffuser assembly operates to provide a new and novel movement of the air and fuel particles therein to achieve a highly efficient and effective burning process. The flame retention burner apparatus is readily used with multiple fuels and easily switched from a gaseous to a liquid fuel usage. The method of supplying the inlet air and fuel achieves a new and novel process of this invention.

Controllable diffuser for an air intake of an aircraft

Abstract: A diffuser for an air intake of an aircraft has an inlet and an outlet, both with variable cross-sectional flow areas. At least one wall section of a diffuser defining flow channel is movable by one or separate lever linkage systems for varying the inlet and outlet cross-sectional flow areas. A control circuit, preferably a closed loop control circuit responsive to a control program, makes sure that optimal flow cross-sectional areas are maintained at the inlet and outlet of the diffuser to optimize the operation of the diffuser.

Air Diffuser Performance in Activated Sludge Aeration Tanks

Abstract: Evaluation d'un nouvel indice de performance d'un diffuseur d'air dans cinq stations d'epuration

Diffuser for centrifugal compressors and the like

Abstract: The improved diffuser includes pinching a portion of a diffuser flow passageway that has ribs therein extending partially across the diffuser passageway and that have their leading edges located away from the inlet of the diffuser passageway. The diffuser passageway is pinched from the diffuser inlet to the leading edge of the ribs to provide improved flow angle alignment and the leading edges of the ribs been moved away from the impeller to avoid buffeting and noise as the compressed gas leaves the impeller and enters the annular diffuser passageway.

Device for fighting forest fires

Abstract: A device having a first tank which is equipped with a telescopic vertical column which is contained in the folded state in the tank which contains a liquid and which bears a diffuser. The device includes a second reserve tank and further includes flame detectors distributed on the periphery of the tanks. When a flame is detected, an electronic central unit automatically controls pyrotechnical obturators which place bottles of compressed gas in communication with the first tank.

Nitrification/denitrification of waste material

Abstract: A method for treating a waste material in which the material is subjected to periods of aeration with air or other oxygen-containing gas, to bring about biological oxidation and nitrification, alternating with periods during which aeration is discontinued to allow development in the material of anaerobic conditions leading to biological denitrification of the material. Aeration is discontinued when the rate of change of dissolved oxygen concentration in the material reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, for example 0.1 to 4 mg/l hr, and resumed after the nitrate concentration in the material is reduced to a desired level, for example after 4 hours. The method preferably takes place in a single vessel (1). Waste enters via inlet (13) and exits via outlet (14); waste entry and exit are preferably continuous. Flow of air to diffuser (12) can be cut-off by means in conduit (11), such means being controlled by a signal processor which monitors the ratio of change of the dissolved oxygen levels sensed by sensor (9). Chemicals for the removal of phosphorous nutrients may be added to the waste material prior to or during the treatment.

Gas diffuser and accompanying piping system

Abstract: A plurality of gas diffusers and accompanying piping system which includes lengths of supply pipe for introducing gas into a body of liquid in which the apparatus is submerged. A combination gas diffuser inlet tube and supply pipe drainer stem is incorporated into the piping system between each length of supply pipe and each gas diffuser located above the length of supply pipe. The inlet tube/drainer stem extends downward from the plenum into the supply pipe to a location closely adjacent to, but with at least part of the bottom end of the combination member spaced from, the bottom wall of the supply pipe. As the pipe is pressurized with gas, gas fills the top portion of the pipe and unwanted accumulated liquid is forced down in the supply pipe, up through each drainer stem, and out the porous plate of the associated gas diffuser. The inlet tube/drainer stem (1) provides an outlet for unwanted accumulated liquids when said diffuser and accompanying piping system are operated under normal operating pressures, and (2) is at all times the sole outlet from the gas supply pipe, in addition to the transverse openings at each end thereof, for either gases or liquids.

Hair styling diffuser

Abstract: A hair styling diffuser having a flexible pouch with a plurality of perforations, an open end and one or more slits in communication with the open end. The open end is adapted for releasable, rotatable engagement with a nozzle of a hair blower. A comb is affixed to the pouch by a strap which secures the pouch to the nozzle adjacent the pouch open end.

Cloud water measurement

Abstract: An incoming airstream is channeled into a diffuser to reduce its spread. Heating coils heat the air in order to vaporize any water present. Then, a collection pipe draws off a portion of vaporized mixture and transmits it to a dew point meter at which the water content is ascertained. The remaining mixture bypasses the collection pipe and is expelled.

Apparatus for producing ignitable solids-gas suspensions

Abstract: An apparatus for producing ignitable solids-gas suspensions has a feeder for vertically feeding the solids-primary gas suspension, a secondary gas passage concentrically surrounding said feeder, and a stage for mixing both streams In order to improve the igniting and melting of solids-gas suspensions in such apparatus, the feeder for the solids-primary gas suspension consists of a pressure relief vessel, which is provided with a tangentially extending supply line for supplying the solids-primary gas suspension, which supply line opens into said vessel in a substantially horizontal direction, and in that the pressure relief vessel is succeeded by two series-connected mixing stages which consist of venturi diffusers, the secondary gas passage concentrically surrounds the diffuser in the first mixing stage and the second mixing stage contains a flame-sustaining annular gas burner having fuel gas and oxygen nozzles arranged in alternation and surrounding the diffuser outlet, which is provided with a cooling chamber The entire burner apparatus is mounted on the top rim of a vertical combustion shaft, which opens into a horizontal melting cyclone chamber

Biochemical treatment of waste water exhausted from iron and steel plant

Abstract: PURPOSE:To treat ferrous salts and decompose organic matters through oxidation, by a method wherein an aerator and an oxidation-reduction potential meter are provided in a water-collecting pit for waste water containing water-soluble ferrous salts, and aeration is conducted with the oxidation-reduction potential as an index CONSTITUTION:In the water-collecting pit 1 for waste water exhausted from a pickling step and a plating step in an iron and steel plant, a diffuser pipe 6 for aeration is provided at a bottom part, and an oxidation-reduction potential sensor 11, an oxidation-reduction potential device 12 and a recorder 13 are provided at upper parts of the pit 1 When waste water is passed through the pit 1 while aerating, the amount of a sludge or the like is markedly increased, the oxidation-reduction potential is raised, and the ratio of removal of ferrous ions and organic compounds contained in water is increased When the sludge concentration reaches or exceeds about 30,000mg/l, the sludge is drained by a pump 7, while supernatant water is drained by a pump 9, is fed into a neutralizing tank, where pH is adjusted to 4-5, and an Fe(II)-containing sludge is recovered

Drying method of water-containing material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To dry a titled material with an energy-saving method by supplying the air discharged from a drying stage which is cooled and dehumidified into an air utilizing stage, and meanwhile using the heat released from the refrigerant condensing part of a heat pump for heating the air blown by a blower. CONSTITUTION:The air discharged from a blower 2 is utilized as a heat source in a dryer 4, and the temp. of the air becomes lower than the inflow temp. And the high-humidity air 3' contains a large amt. of steam evaporated from a water- contg. material. The high-humidity air 3' is cooled and dehumidified by bringing the air into contact with an evaporation part 8 of refrigerant such as fleon of a heat pump. The cooled and dehumidified air is diffused from a diffuser 11 into an aeration tank 10 which is used for the biological treatment of organic soil water 9 such as sewage, and utilized as the aeration air, etc. Meanwhile, a refrigerant 12 which has recovered the latent heat of condensation Q1 from the high-humidity air 3' at the refrigerant evaporating part 8 of the heat pump is passed through a compressor 13, and the heat of the refrigerant is released at a refrigerant condensing part 14 to heat the external air 15.

Treatment of sewage

Abstract: PURPOSE:To treat sewage with good efficiency, by simple equipment having a mechanism for performing activated sludge treatment while recirculating sewage in such a process that a part of sewage received in a treatment tank is taken out and oxygen is dissolved therein before returning the same to said treatment tank. CONSTITUTION:The liquid reaching the bottom part of a settler chamber 17 enters the secondary aeration chamber 18 adjacent to said settler chamber 17 and receives the blow-in of high concn. oxygen gas from the diffuser 20 provided to the bottom part thereof. In this case, the liquid is injected into the aeration chamber 18 from the settler chamber 17 communicated with the bottom part of said secondary aeration chamber 18 by rising force of air bubbles in the liquid. That is, the liquid in a treatment tank 1 is recirculated in a route starting from said treatment tank 11 and returning thereto through a primary aeration chamber 16, the settler chamber 17 and the secondary aeration chamber 18. New sewage is met with the recirculation liquid at the bottom part of the primary aeration tank 16 and the liquid is flowed out of a separation chamber 23 in an amount corresponding to the inflow amount of sewage.

Gill for extracting oxygen from oxygen bearing fluids

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting oxygen from sea water in which a plurality of hollow gill members carry on oxygen extracting heme and are positioned within a diffuser. A flow of oxygen bearing liquid, such as sea water, passes through the diffuser and around the gill membranes. The gill membranes are angled with respect to the flow of sea water. The diffuser has a reduced section intake and outlet, and is divided into a number of channels, with the result that the drag force is reduced while maintaining adequate oxygen extraction. Propellers compensate for drag force losses.

Method for introducing granular and/or dust-like materials into pneumatic conveying installations and conveying device for implementing this method

Abstract: Method for introducing granular and/or dust-like materials into pneumatic conveying installations, in which the conveying air is accelerated by means of a nozzle and a diffuser arranged downstream of the latter, the material to be conveyed being sucked into the stream of air by the sub-atmospheric pressure in the nozzle/diffuser region, and a device for implementing the method.

Anti-compaction device

Abstract: A diffuser valve adapted to be fixed in the wall (9) of a storage hopper containing particulate materials and operable to dispense an air blast into the interiors of the hopper to loosen material in the region of the valve. The valve has a tubular body (1) accommodating a valve member (2) which opens to dispense the air blast in a radial direction along the walls (9) of the hopper to which it is fixed.