Showing papers on "Diffuser (sewage) published in 1992"

Continuous gradient cylindrical diffusion tip for optical fibers and method for using

Abstract: A diffuser tip for a fiber optic or array of fibers having a proximal end which abuts against the tip of the fiber optic or array of fibers. The diffuser tip has a cylindrical center core of transparent elastomer which contains scattering centers embedded therein. The scattering centers are distributed within the core so that the concentration of scatterers increases continuously in a direction from the proximal end of the diffuser tip to the distal end of the diffuser tip.

Light sensor with diffuser and eye-like response

Abstract: A twilight sensor (10) for controlling the headlamps (21) of vehicles employs a photodiode (11) having a predetermined spectral response and a diffuser (16) which also has a predetermined spectral response, the spectral responses being combined to achieve an overall spectral response which corresponds to that of the human eye. With this arrangement, the headlamps (21) of a motor vehicle are turned on and off under different ambient light conditions, in a manner which corresponds to the perception of the driver. In addition, the invention employs a control system (20) which turns the lights on rapidly after the vehicle enters a tunnel.

Evaluation of oxygen transfer efficiency and alpha‐factor on a variety of diffused aeration systems

Abstract: Because the aeration system in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant typically represents more than 50% of total plant energy requirements, designers and operators can substantially reduce overall plant energy costs by using accurate oxygen transfer information to make the aeration system as energy efficient as possible. This paper presents data from 65 off-gas analysis tests performed at 21 wastewater treatment plants. The effect of various factors on oxygen transfer was evaluated by comparing pairs of tests in which all factors but one were held relatively constant. Factors evaluated were diffuser type, diffuser layout, diffuser age, solids retention time, and level of nitrification. Flexible membrane diffusers had more than a 30% higher oxygen transfer efficiency than coarse bubble diffusers

Reversible diffuser for a hair dryer

Abstract: An air diffuser for attachment to a hair dryer, with a housing containing an air inlet, a hood, and an air outlet from the hood, a face plate having a front side and a rear side and being pivotally mounted in the air outlet so that alternately one or the other of the sides can face outwardly. The face plate has air orifices passing through it and presents a different pattern of orifices on the two sides. One side has fingers mounted extending from it, the fingers including an air passages running within the fingers and through to the other side. That side also has a skirt along its periphery. As a result, the air diffuser provides for a different air diffusion pattern when the front side faces outwardly than when the rear side faces outwardly.

Diffuser for a hair dryer

Abstract: The invention is directed to a diffuser for a hair dryer comprising a diffuser body which is adapted to be secured to the nozzle of the hair dryer and includes a plurality of hair pickup elements (9, 10, 11) extending away from the diffuser body. At least one of the hair pickup elements (9, 10) is movably arranged on the diffuser body.

Diffuser clean air bleed assembly

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for bleeding compressed air downstream from a diffuser outlet and upstream from a fuel injector in a gas turbine engine. A bleed manifold aft wall is disposed between the diffuser outlet and the fuel injectors and is configured for blocking recirculation flow of air discharged from the diffuser outlet to create a sheltered zone disposed in direct flow communication with the diffuser outlet. Bleed holes are disposed in the sheltered zone for channeling a portion of the diffuser discharge air directly therefrom as bleed air for use in an aircraft environmental system.

Process of and apparatus for treating a fluid

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for treating a fluid, in this case wastewater, comprising a vessel or tank (2), a conduit (3) to supply the wastewater in an alternating sequence to the vessel (2), and a source (4) for oxygenating the bed of granular media (5) to provide aerated filter media. The filter bed is aerated during operation by air, oxygen enriched air or other gas being introduced at or adjacent the base (as viewed) of the bed through the source (4), which may be a perforated manifold, diffuser or the like extending substantially over the whole surface area of the bed (5). Also, the bed (5) is a granular media such as natural minerals or blast furnace slag media to the surface of the discrete particles of which is attached bacteria and microorganisms (a biomass) which effects treatment of the fluid. The influent at (3) derived from sewage is counter current to the air, and is particularly a non-nitrified influent namely wastewater that has previously been treated to reduce the BOD (biological oxygen demand) and suspended solids concentrations. The blast furnace slag media (5) has an average particle diameter of 2.8-4.0 mm and a porosity of 13.9%. In carrying out the process the periodic reversal of the flow through the filter bed maintains the concentration gradient of the microorganisms (biomass) substantially uniform as a desired concentration of microorganisms throughout the depth of the bed under all operating conditions in the embodiments illustrated. This provides for a uniform, efficient treatment of the sewage.

Membrane separation equipment

Abstract: PURPOSE:To maintain filter resistance low for a long time and to provide a maintenance-free membrane separation equipment. CONSTITUTION:The objective equipment consists of flat membrane modules 3 each of which is a filter medium consisting of a spacer 4 and a UF or MF membrane 5 (a planar separation membrane), a vessel 1 which is equipped with one or more flat membrane modules 3 and receives suspension liquid, and diffusing parts 9 of a diffuser arranged at the lower part of the flat membrane module 3 or at the lower side part of the filter medium. When the quantity of diffused air per hour from the diffuser is intermittently set large by a blower 11, a blower 13 and a valve 12, the movement of the suspension liquid is generated by gas 10, thus capable of maintaining the cleanness of the membrane surface.

Combination sludge collector, aerator, and return pump

Abstract: The clarifier in any activated sludge sewage treatment plant must provide (a) a quiescent environment to allow gravity settling of the bio-mass (sludge) grown within the aeration tank, (b) the decanting of clear supernatant thus produced, and (c) the timely removal of all accumulated clarifier sludge. This invention improves prior clarifier performance by (a) providing vacuum assistance to gravity settling, (b) trapping all sedimentation within an aerated sludge containment zone, (c) providing clarifier sludge aeration to prevent denitrification, (d) utilization of spent aeration air for energy-free return sludge pumping, (e) the elimination of density currents and induced currents created by return sludge pumping, and (f) providing uniform hydraulic sludge collection eliminating the need for mechanical collection. The lower portion of the clarifier walls must be inward sloped to provide a hopper bottom. This invention then provides prefabricated hood(s), strategically placed over the hopper walls to form a sludge containment zone. The hood supports shall maintain continuous and adjustable spacing between the hood's lower edges and the hopper walls, forming access slots for sedimentation to enter the containment zone. The hopper sides shall continue their inward slope down and under the hood. The upper sides of the hood shall likewise be properly sloped to compliment the hopper slope. This invention invention shall provide aeration diffusers for uniform and consistent aeration without diffuser leveling and located below the hood, near the floor. Their size and placement are critical to (a) create a uniform vertically disposed rolling current to collect sedimentation below the protective hood and (b) insure entrapment of all entrained air and sedimentation. The aerators shall also provide free oxygen to negate potential clarifier sludge denitrification.

Batch-wise waste water treating device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the enlargement of the microorganism layers on contact materials by improving the aeration system of the batch-wise waste water treating device packed with the contact materials 3 in a treating tank 1. CONSTITUTION:A 1st air diffuser 4 which is so constituted that the ascending flow by bubbles for aeration comes into contact with the contact materials 3 and a 2nd air diffuser 5 which is so constituted that the descending flow by the bubble for aeration comes into contact with the contact materials 3 are provided. The air diffuser 4 and the air diffuser 5 are alternately operated. Since the ascending flow and the descending flow come into contact alternately with the contact materials 3, the surfaces of the contact materials 3 are washed and the aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms coexisting on the contact materials 3 affect each other to adequately suppress the activity. The dislodgment of the microorganism layers by the enlargement is, therefore, prevented.

Bubble producing toy

Abstract: A bubble producing toy which resembles a spinning baton. It includes a handle and a cross-member rotatably mounted on the handle. A liquid bubble solution is stored in a reservoir in the hub of the cross-member. A pair of oppositely extending arms form part of the cross-member. A bubble diffuser is attached to the outer end of one of the arms and an imitation bubble diffuser is attached to the outer end of the other arm. The bubble diffuser arm is hollow and functions as a conduit to deliver the liquid bubble solution to the diffuser. The diffuser has a rotating wand which is driven by the rotation of the cross-member relative to the handle. The wand wipes a film of liquid bubble solution across elongated openings in the bubble diffuser. Air passing through passages in the rotating wand and the bubble diffuser creates bubbles from the liquid bubble solution film.

Gas Transfer in Diffused Bubble Plumes

Abstract: The gas transfer in aeration systems is broken into two processes: gas transfer at the bubble interface and gas transfer at the water surface. Experiments were conducted to separate these two sources of dissolved gas. Oxygen absorption was measured in a laboratory tank with air being diffused through a porous diffuser and then with nitrogen gas being diffused. The combination of these experiments along with reformulation of the theoretical transfer equation permit separation of the gas transfer at the water surface and in the rising bubble plume. Estimates of the exchange coefficient for the plume and surface are given.

Flow condensing diffusers for saturated vapor applications

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for improving the performance of vapor turbine diffusers by preventing flow separation from the diffuser walls. Such separation from the diffuser walls is decreased or eliminated herein by chilling the diffuser walls below the saturation temperature, causing some condensation to occur and insuring vapor flow toward the walls to eliminate the natural tendency toward separation in diffusing vapor passages.

Series filter plates for removing dust and insects from air stream - useful in an air conditioning installation suitable for and automobile

Abstract: High retention sepn. of small creatures, dust forming particles, and flying insects from an air stream, makes use of a series of profiled, apertured impingement plates which present more than 50% of their diffuser type surface area directly, through apertures, to the on-coming air flow. Pref. the diffuser surface are (3) may be coated with strongly alkaline materials e.g. Ca hydroxide contained in a sticky, and bactericidal, masse. A pref. process comprises use of plates alternatively coated with alkaline adhesive, activated charcoal, and an acidic medium. USE/ADVANTAGE - Low pressure drop, high retention filter with fungicidal, chemical neutralising (e.g. against NOx), and adsorbent properties, which is suited to use in air-conditioning installations e.g. in automobiles. The impingement action is claimed to provide longer service life than conventional filters, and is moreover readily washable.

Hvlp turbine and hose cooling apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for providing bleed air to exit an air outlet fitting (14) where an air hose (12) is connected to a turbine housing to cool the turbine and outlet fitting (14). The bleed air is directed through longitudinal channels (20) outside the air hose (12) and to an air diffuser collar (16) where it is deflected to exit the apparatus (10) radially.

A method and apparatus for treating a fluid

Abstract: Apparatus 1 for treating a fluid, in this case wastewater, comprising a vessel or tank 2, means 3 to supply the wastewater in an alternating sequence to the vessel 2, anda means 4 for oxygenating the bed of granular media 5 to provide aerated filter media. The filter bed is aerated during operation by air, oxygen enriched air or other gas being introduced at or adjacent the base (as viewed) of the bed through the means 4, which may be a perforated manifold, diffuser or the like extending substantially over the whole surface area of the bed 5. Also the bed 5 is a granular media such as natural minerals or blast furnace slag media to the surface of the discrete particles of which is attached bacteria and micro-organisms (a biomass) which effects treatment of the fluid. The influent at 3 derived from sewage is counter current to the air, and is particularly a non-nitrified influent namely wastewater that has previously been treated to reduce the BOD (biological oxygen demand) and suspended solids concentrations. The blast furnace slag media 5 has an average particle diameter of 2.8-4.0mm and a porosity of 13.9%. In carrying out the process the periodic reversal of the flow through the filter bed maintain the concentration gradient of the micro-organisms (biomass) substantially uniform as a desired concentration of micro-organisms throughout the depth of the bed under all operating conditions in the embodiments illustrated. This provides for a uniform, efficient treatment of the sewage.

Water bed with built-in drain pump

Abstract: A water bed having a built-in drain pipe. The water bed includes a water tight bladder which has an inlet port and an outlet port formed therein. A jet pump is connected between the inlet port and the outlet port and located in the interior of the water tight bladder such that the contents of the water tight bladder can be sucked out by providing a motive liquid at the inlet port and attaching drain tubing at the outlet port. The jet pump includes a jet nozzle, a diffuser and a spacer for aligning the jet nozzle and the diffuser. A chamber can be provided around the jet nozzle and diffuser to allow filtering of fluid drawn into the diffuser. The pump can be formed as a one-piece venturi pump element.

Indoor device of air conditioner

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve a blowing efficiency of air and prevent a dew formation when a cooling operation is carried out by a method wherein a passage surface defining a blowing passage to blow air after heat exchanging operation into an indoor side into several segments is formed with several recesses. CONSTITUTION:Indoor air is sucked from a suction port 5 into a casing 2. The air is heat exchanged by an indoor heat exchanger 3, passes through a blowing passage 7 by a cross flow fan 4 and then the air is blown again into the indoor area through a diffuser 6. A major flow of the blown air is adjusted by a louver disposed at the diffuser 6. In this case, a peeling of air flow is prevented by several recesses 9 formed at the surface of the air blowing passage 7 near the diffuser 6, resulting in that the air is flowed along the surface of the blowing passage 7. That is, there is no peeling of the air flow near the diffuser 6 and the air is blown at a wide angle along a curvature of the air blowing passage 7. In addition, it is possible to prevent a dew formation near the diffuser 6 under eddy current of air during a cooling operation.

Vapor recovery system and pump

Abstract: A liquid jet gas pump (10) is connected to a vapor return line (33) for a plurality of liquid dispensing nozzles The jet pump (10) has a multi-jet orifice plate (24) and a single diffuser tube (26) is coaxially aligned with the orifices in the plate (24), all of the jets entering the single diffuser tube (26)

Diffuser, in particular for electrical hair-dryer.

Abstract: A diffuser, in particular for electrical hair dryers, has a housing, accommodating a fan and a radiator, and a funnel-shaped diffuser housing which can be mounted on the hair dryer housing and can be fixed on the latter by means of an annular body or the like. The end of the diffuser housing facing away from the hair dryer housing is overlapped by a wall which is provided with air passage openings and has attachments or pins arranged fixedly on the outside and serving as spacers. For safe and injury-free handling of the hair dryer, the air outlet end of the diffuser housing (4') is constructed to be open, in the diffuser housing opening (5) there is a closure body (6), which is freely movable between two axial end positions, for the diffuser housing opening (5), and the closure body (6) can be pushed into the diffuser housing (4') counter to a restoring force from the outer end position in the direction of the inner end position and/or it can be swivelled in on all sides.

Adaptive air conditioner

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the operating environment of an adaptive air conditioner for a vehicle by detecting the vehicle operating state, and controlling an interior air blower and aromatic agent diffuser units on the basis of the detected vehicle operating state. CONSTITUTION:The output of an inside air O2 sensor 1A, an outside air O2 sensor 1B, a steering angle sensor 1C, and an engine speed sensor 1D is inputted into a controller 4. The controller 4 executes the specified program on the basis of this input information to control parts 5A-5F respectively. That is, when the inside air O2 density is lower than the contamination judging reference value, ventilation is judged to be necessary, so that an outside air switching valve 8A, an electrostatic filter 9 and a blower 6 are driven. When the outside air oxygen density is smaller than the inside air oxygen density, an inside air switching valve 8B is operated and the outside air switching valve 8A is closed to perform inside air circulation, and the diffuser units 7A, 7B for aromatic agents A, B are also operated. The operating environment can be thus improved.

Exhaust system for internal combustion engine with catalyst

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide effective purifying effect by storing the catalyst within a muffler body without upsizing the exhausting system or reducing the purifying efficiency of the catalyst CONSTITUTION:Two outer shells 15, 15 are joined to form a hollow space, the rear part of an exhaust pipe 6 is inserted within the muffler body 7 whose inside is divided into three expansion chambers A, B, C by buffle plates 13, 14, a diffuser pipe 8 is formed by expanding the diameter of the inserted part into the muffler body 7 in the downstream direction, and the catalyst 12 is provided inside the diffuser pipe 8

A Combustor Diffuser of Annular Configuration Suitable for Industrial Gas Turbines

Abstract: A pre-combustor diffuser, suitable for outboard annular combustors has been successfully demonstrated. The diffuser, which incorporates a 180 degree bend and practicalities such as support struts, was shown to produce a pressure recovery and flow stability which would be superior to most inline annular diffusers. Guidelines for the design of such diffusers are discussed.Copyright © 1992 by ASME

Under-floor air conditioner

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make a uniform formation of conditioned air by a method wherein a hindering item capable of gradually narrowing an under-floor spacing is disposed under the floor, a major diffuser is disposed at a location where the widest under-floor spacing is attained and at the same time a plurality of diffuser for use in communicating the under-floor spacing with an indoor spacing are formed. CONSTITUTION:Horizontal floor surfaces 11, 12 and 13 having different heights are disposed at a floor 1 of a raised floor structure in a form of upstairs. Inhibiting items 51, 52 and 53 are disposed below in correspondence with these floor surfaces 11, 12 and 13. An air conditioning diffuser 2 is disposed in an under-floor spacings S1 of the floor surface 11, and then the small diffusers 3 to cause under-floor spacings S1, S2 and S3 to be communicated with an indoor spacing A is formed at each of the floor surfaces 11, 12 and 13, respectively. In this way, the condition air blown from the main diffuser 2 is smoothly flowed along the under-floor spacings S1 to S3 and then the air can be blown from each of the diffusers 3 into the indoor spacing A. In addition, since the under-floor spacings S1 to S3 are continuously narrowed as they are away from the main diffusers 3, it is possible to make a substantial uniform formation of an air blowing pressure for air conditioning operation blown from each of the small diffusers 3 without being related to a flow rate of air, but to prevent an occurrence of disturbance in temperature.