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Showing papers on "Diffuser (sewage) published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first valveless diffuser pump fabricated using the latest technology in deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is presented and results are presented on pumps with different diffuser dimensions in terms of diffuser neck width, length, and angle.
Abstract: The first valveless diffuser pump fabricated using the latest technology in deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is presented. The pump was fabricated in a two-mask micromachining process in a silicon wafer polished on both sides, anodically bonded to a glass wafer. Pump chambers and diffuser elements were etched in the silicon wafer using DRIE, while inlet and outlet holes are etched using an anisotropic etch. The DRIE etch resulted in rectangular diffuser cross sections. Results are presented on pumps with different diffuser dimensions in terms of diffuser neck width, length, and angle. The maximum pump pressure is 7.6 m H/sub 2/O (74 kPa), and the maximum pump flow is 2.3 ml/min for water.

194 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Jun 1997-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present CFD simulations of different diffuser elements used in valve-less diffuser pumps and nozzle elements in dynamic micropumps and compare the results with measurements and with analytic expressions based on empirical results known from basic fluid mechanics.
Abstract: This paper presents CFD-simulations of different diffuser elements used in valve-less diffuser pumps and nozzle elements used in dynamic micropumps. The results are compared with measurements and with analytic expressions based on empirical results known from basic fluid mechanics. The working principles of the diffuser element in the valve-less diffuser pump and the nozzle-element in the dynamic micropump are investigated.

62 citations


Patent
12 Mar 1997
TL;DR: A pendent-type diffuser impingement water mist fire protection nozzle has a body defining an orifice and an outlet for flow of water from a source, and the outlet is disposed generally coaxial with the orifice.
Abstract: A pendent-type diffuser impingement water mist fire protection nozzle has a body defining an orifice and an outlet for flow of water from a source. The orifice defines an axis, and the outlet is disposed generally coaxial with the orifice. A diffuser is disposed generally coaxial with the axis of the orifice and defines a diffuser inner surface positioned for impingement of the flow of water thereupon and an opposite outer surface. The diffuser has a plurality of tines distributed about a diffuser periphery and defining a plurality of openings therebetween. The diffuser inner surface defines at least one channel extending along the inner surface of the diffuser toward a predetermined region of the diffuser periphery, preferably positioned to collect water impinging thereupon and to divert collected water toward the predetermined region of the diffuser periphery.

54 citations


Patent
26 Aug 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a sparge system and process for in-situ removal of contaminants from soil and an associated subsurface groundwater aquifer of a site is disclosed, which is capable of extracting contaminant in the form of gas from groundwater in a gas/gas/water reaction.
Abstract: A sparging system and process for in-situ removal of contaminants from soil and an associated subsurface groundwater aquifer of a site is disclosed. The sparge system is capable of extracting contaminant in the form of gas from groundwater in a gas/gas/water reaction. The system includes at least one microporous diffuser having a porosity matched to a soil porosity. The microdiffuser is in an injection well. Ozone or other oxidizing gas in the form of bubbles is injected into the site to extract volatile dissolved contaminants for in-situ decomposition. A pump and a pneumatic packer are disposed to alternate pumping and bubble injection into the well to maximize dispersal of bubbles within and outward from the well casing, and to provide uniform dispersion of the bubbles as they travel through the site formation.

47 citations


Patent
30 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a surface light source device with backlight and a diffuser panel is presented, where the diffuser is mounted on the window portion of the housing and the reflective plate is supported by the side portions and partitions the flat space into a closed space ahead and an open space behind.
Abstract: As regards a surface light source device for use with back-light or the like of a transmissive display panel, the efficiency of the cooling structure for the device will be improved and dust and dirt will be prevented from adhering.The surface light source device has a housing, a diffuser panel, a reflective plate, lamps, and an electric circuit portion. The housing has a window portion located ahead, a base portion located behind and side portions forming a flat space by connecting the two. The diffuser panel is mounted to the window portion of the housing. The reflective plate is supported by the side portions and partitions the flat space into a closed space ahead and an open space behind to be interposed therebetween. The lamps are housed in the closed space, and are positioned right above the reflective plate and right under the diffuser panel to radiate light toward the diffuser panel. The electric circuit portion is housed in the open space, and is electrically connected to the lamps to light them up. On the side portions of the housing, there are formed openings, through which cooling air supplied from outside is introduced into the open space to diffuse heat accumulated within the housing.

47 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the first valveless diffuser micropumps fabricated using thermoplastic replication were used to fabricate more than 10000 plastic discs with a cycle time of less than 10 seconds per disc.
Abstract: Here we present the first valve-less diffuser micropumps fabricated using thermoplastic replication. Due to its simple planar geometry the valve-less diffuser pump is very suitable for thermoplastic replication. Two different thermoplastic replication methods have been used: hot embossing and injection molding. As mold inserts we used 0.1 and 0.2 mm deep precision milled brass mold inserts and 20 and 80 /spl mu/m deep microelectroformed nickel mold inserts defined from deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) silicon wafers. For the injection molding a commercially available Compact Disc injection molding machine (Toolex Alpha MD100) was used to fabricate the diffuser micropumps with extremely short cycle times. One properly fabricated mold insert of nickel can be used to fabricate more than 10000 plastic discs with a cycle time of less than 10 seconds per disc. The plastic material cost is about 5 cents each. Tested pumps reached a maximum volume flow of 1.9 ml/min and a maximum pump pressure of 7.7 kPa.

44 citations



Patent
26 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, an air bag is inflated with inflation gas flowing therein through a gas inlet, a retainer is attached to the diffuser so that the retainer and diffuser constitute a sub-assembly.
Abstract: An air bag apparatus including an air bag to be inflated with inflation gas flowing therein through a gas inlet, a tether structure disposed inside the air bag for limiting inflation thereof, a diffuser disposed inside the air bag for limiting and directing flow of inflation gas and having a gas in-flowing hole corresponding to the air bag gas inlet, a retainer disposed inside the air bag about the periphery of the air bag gas inlet, and a bag holder disposed outside and beneath the air bag and extending about the periphery of the air bag gas inlet. The bag holder is fastened to the retainer such that a portion of the air bag is retained between the bag holder and the retainer. The retainer is connected to the diffuser so that the retainer and the diffuser constitute a sub-assembly, thus allowing the sub-assembly to be inserted into the air bag through the gas inlet. The diffuser also includes connecting portions attaching to the retainer to prevent the diffuser from disconnecting from the retainer.

31 citations


Patent
11 Jul 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a diffuser is used with a solar energy concentrator and a solar receiver to more uniformly distribute solar energy to the receiver and to reduce the amount of energy lost due to circulation of air into and out of the receiver.
Abstract: A diffuser to be used with a solar energy concentrator and a solar energy receiver to more uniformly distribute solar energy to the receiver and to reduce the amount of energy lost due to circulation of air into and out of the receiver. A portion of the solar energy passing through the energy diffusing cavities within the diffuser is reflected by the cavity walls and reoriented and diffused before being emitted to the receiver. The geometry of the energy diffusing cavities and the reflective characteristics of the cavity walls can be engineered to provide the desired degree of diffusional effect. The diffuser reduces the likelihood of inadvertent hot spots being formed, which allows the designed maximum receiver energy flux to be closer to the receiver tube material limits and allows for smaller, more compact, more efficient receivers. The diffuser also limits the circulation of air in the vicinity of the receiver tubes, which reduces energy losses and increases the overall efficiency of the system. These changes can substantially increase the overall efficiency of a solar powered electrical generation system incorporating the inventive diffuser.

31 citations


Patent
14 Feb 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a portable, outdoor cooking apparatus is provided which is capable of operating as both a stove and a barbecue grill, which includes an elongated burner tube and a pivoting parabolic-shaped heat diffuser which can be rotated between an upright position for barbecue cooking and an inverted position for stove cooking.
Abstract: A portable, outdoor cooking apparatus is provided which is capable of operating as both a stove and a barbecue grill. The cooking apparatus includes an elongated burner tube and a pivoting parabolic-shaped heat diffuser which can be rotated between an upright position in which the concave surface of the heat diffuser covers the burner tube for barbecue cooking and an inverted position in which the heat diffuser leaves the burner tube exposed directly to the cooking surface for stove cooking.

29 citations


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a practical method for the description of an air terminal device which will save grid points and ensure the right level of the momentum flow in a room ventilated by jet ventilation.
Abstract: The Box Method a Practical Procedure for Introduction of an Air Terminal Device in CFD Calculation by Peter V. Nielsen Aalborg University The velocity level in a room ventilated by jet ventilation is strongly influenced by the supply conditions. The momentuni flow in the supply jets controls the air movement in the room and , th~refore, it is very important that the inlet conditions and the numerical method can generate a satisfactory descriptign of this momentum flow. The Box Method is a practical method for the description of an Air Terminal Device which will save grid points and ensure the right level of the momentum flow. Introduction Figure I shO\~/s the decay of the maximum velocity in the flow that runs along the ceiling in a room with two-dimensional recirculating air movement. The velocity level obtained by two different inlet conditions, corresponding to two different supply openings, is retained in the flow along the ceiling. The differenc~ in the velocity level will be retained in the occupied zone as well. A satisfactory description of the inlet conditions is, therefore, very important for the prediction of the flow in the whole room . Figure I also shows that the velocity decay below the ceiling corresponds to the conditions in a wall jet, except close to the end wall opposite the supply opening. This means that the air movement below the ceiling can be expressed by parabolic equations, although the flow as a whole is recirculating and , therefore, described by elliptic equations. This strong upstream influence in the first part of the flow is the background for the wall jet description of boundary conditions for supply openings discussed in this paper. The momentum flow in the wall jet below the ceiling controls the air movement in . ~ room. For example, the maximum velocity in the occupied zone is proportional to the inlet velocity multiplied by the square root of the supply area, which expresses the square root of the supply momentum flow. Therefore, it is very important that the inlet conditions and the numerical method produce a satisfactory description of the momentum flow . The supply momentum flow from diffusers depends on small details in the design. This means that a numerical prediction method should be able to handle small details in the order of a few millimetres to room dimensions of many metres. This wide range of geometry necessitates the use of many grid points and demands, therefore, a large computer or a procedure which can reduce the number of grid points.

PatentDOI
Michael Choi1
TL;DR: An air diffuser for an air intake system of an internal combustion engine is described in this article, where a throttle body (22) up stream from an intake manifold (24) is mounted between them.
Abstract: An air diffuser (20) for an air intake system of an internal combustion engine. The air intake system includes a throttle body (22) up stream from an intake manifold (24), with the air diffuser (20) mounted between them. The air diffuser (20) includes vanes (62, 64) extending into its main bore (52) in order to diffuse and redirect the air flowing from the throttle body (22) into the intake manifold (24). The diffusion and redirection of the air reduces the noise emanating from the intake manifold (24) for particular engine operating conditions.

Patent
Michael Choi1
01 May 1997
TL;DR: An air diffuser and method of operation for an air intake system of an internal combustion engine is described in this article. But this method is not suitable for large-scale engines.
Abstract: An air diffuser (20) and method of operation for an air intake system of an internal combustion engine. The air intake system includes a throttle body (22) up stream from an intake manifold (24), with the air diffuser (20) mounted between them. The air diffuser (20) includes vanes (62,64) extending into its main bore (52) in order to diffuse and redirect the air flowing from the throttle body (22) into the intake manifold (24). The diffusion and redirection of the air reduces the noise emanating from the intake manifold (24) for particular engine operating conditions.

Patent
14 Jul 1997
Abstract: A defined current and aeration system for the aeration chamber of an aerobic wastewater treatment plant is disclosed. It includes the release of oxygenation gas or air into the aeration chamber through a diffuser or the like at a position such that the air injected into the tank provides the necessary amount of oxygen for aerobic bacterial digestion of the waste while creating a current or circulation pattern in the chamber that forces every portion of the fluid within the aeration chamber into circulation thus preventing the accumulation of solids as sludge in the wastewater treatment plant.

Patent
14 May 1997
TL;DR: A side impact air bag module (10) includes an air bag (30) and an inflator (32) which is actuatable to provide inflation fluid for inflating the air bag as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A side impact air bag module (10) includes an air bag (30) and an inflator (32) which is actuatable to provide inflation fluid for inflating the air bag. The air bag (30) includes first and second main body portions (70, 120) and a first retainer portion (80) which is disposed between the first and second main body portions. The first retainer portion (80) and the first main body portion (70) of the air bag (30) at least partially define a pocket (200) in the air bag in which the inflator (32) and a diffuser (34) are disposed. Stitching sections (182b, 184b) close two sides of the pocket (200).

Patent
04 Mar 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a flat-membrane module for immersion-type membrane separators, where a spongy or brushy scraper was used to move vertically along with the water level between the membranes.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an immersion-type membrane separator with a cake on the membrane surface efficiently removed. SOLUTION: Plural flat membranes 11 each formed by covering the surface of a membrane support with a filter membrane are arranged at regular intervals to constitute a flat-membrane module, and only the permeated liq. is sucked in from one or both ends of the membrane. The module is dipped in a tank 10, and a diffuser pipe 15 is set below the flat membrane in this immersion-type membrane separator. A spongy or brushy scraper 12 moved vertically along with the water level between the membranes 11 in the tank or by a float with water introduced or discharged into or from it is provided in parallel and in contact with the membrane 11.

Patent
23 Apr 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, an ozone contacting vessel is provided and includes a downflow tube through which water is caused to flow, where a plurality of transversely extending porous elements are in communication with a source of ozone to provide a relatively uniform distribution of fine ozone bubbles over the cross-sectional area of the down-flow tube.
Abstract: A device for introducing ozone uniformly into water flowing through a conduit for disinfecting the water. An ozone contacting vessel is provided and includes a downflow tube through which water is caused to flow. The downflow tube is positioned vertically within a diffusion chamber. Within the downflow tube are a plurality of layers of transversely extending porous elements that are in communication with a source of ozone to provide a relatively uniform distribution of fine ozone bubbles over the cross-sectional area of the downflow tube. The porous elements are carried by an ozone conduit that is substantially coaxially positioned within the downflow tube. Spacer members are provided to space the porous elements from the downflow tube wall, and the entire ozone distributor assembly can be easily removed form the downflow tube for servicing the porous elements and can then be easily reinstalled thereafter. The downflow tube can be a straight tube or it can be J-shaped, to convey ozonated water into downstream ozone reaction cells to permit oxidation or disinfection of the water being treated.

Patent
12 Nov 1997
TL;DR: A diffuser for aerating a fluid, and particularly for aeration in waste water treatment tanks, is formed in an elongate configuration by manufacturing a base plate (1) from an extrusion cut to the desired length as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A diffuser for aerating a fluid, and particularly for aeration in waste water treatment tanks, is formed in an elongate configuration by manufacturing a base plate (1) from an extrusion cut to the desired length. A perforated elastomeric membrane (6) is secured to the base plate (1) by pressing sealing strips (5) along the elongate edges of the membrane into corresponding grooves (4) formed in the base plate extrusion. The ends of the membrane are sealed to the base plate by end strips or clamps. Air is introduced through aperture (23) in the base plate causing the membrane (6) to inflate away from the base plate forming an interior compartment (11) for the passage of air along the diffuser. Apparatus for securing the diffuser to a horizontal header pipe is also described.

Patent
07 Aug 1997
TL;DR: The tube bank heat exchanger, submerged within the wastewater, is of a configuration which extends the air flow path from the air source to the diffuser system, and by such configuration the temperature of the air delivered to the air diffuser is reduced to a temperature of no more than about 140 degrees F as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The invention relates to a tube bank heat exchanger for use in reducing the temperature of air delivered under pressure to an air diffuser system within a wastewater treatment facility. The tube bank heat exchanger, submerged within the wastewater, is of a configuration which extends the air flow path from the air source to the diffuser system. By such configuration the temperature of the air delivered to the diffuser system is reduced to a temperature of no more than about 140 degrees F.

Patent
14 Feb 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a diffuser for uniformly diffusing inflation gas from an elongated inflator having inflation exhaust ports at only one end into an airbag cushion is described, where the diffuser having a longitudinal length extending between opposing first and second diffuser ends.
Abstract: A diffuser for uniformly diffusing inflation gas from an elongated inflator having inflation exhaust ports at only one end into an airbag cushion. The diffuser having a longitudinal length extending between opposing first and second diffuser ends. A first end section extends from the first diffuser end, is positionable over the inflation exhaust ports of the inflator and defines at least one diffuser vent opening. An intermediate section extends from the first end section and defines a plurality of diffuser vent openings equal or progressively larger further from the first end section. A second end section extends from the intermediate section to the second diffuser end and defines a single diffuser vent opening. Each of the plurality of diffuser vent openings of the intermediate section is equal or larger than the at least one diffuser vent opening of the first end section and equal or smaller than the single diffuser vent opening of the second end section. All of the diffuser vent openings form a total diffuser vent area of the diffuser. The first end section has a diffuser vent area equal to between about eight and about seventeen percent of the total diffuser vent area, while the intermediate section has a diffuser vent area equal to between about fifty-six and about seventy-nine percent of the total diffuser vent area, and the second end section has a diffuser vent area equal to between about thirteen and about twenty-seven percent of the total diffuser vent area.

Patent
25 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, optical diffuser plates made of transparent plastics such as polycarbonate or polymethacrylate are used to deflect light, with the proviso that A and B are incompatible and the strips made of plastic B are subsequently withdrawn.
Abstract: The invention relates to optical diffuser plates (1) made of transparent plastics such as polycarbonate or polymethacrylate. Several thin strips (2) made of plastic B are inserted into plates made of transparent plastic A with the proviso that A and B are incompatible and the strips (2) made of plastic B are subsequently withdrawn. The hollows that are formed in the plate (1) made of plastic A are used to deflect light.

Patent
14 May 1997
TL;DR: A gas diffuser assembly adapted for location in a volume of liquid or semiliquid material for dispersing minute bubbles of gas into the liquid is described in this paper, where a diffuser element formed of porous ceramic material is secured to the housing over the recess to define an enclosed gas chamber.
Abstract: A gas diffuser assembly adapted for location in a volume of liquid or semiliquid material for dispersing minute bubbles of gas into the liquid. The assembly includes a housing formed of dense impermeable ceramic material and which defines an upwardly facing recess. A fitting formed of an inert material is located in the floor of the recess for connection to a gas supply tube. A diffuser element formed of porous ceramic material is secured to the housing over the recess to define an enclosed gas chamber. The diffuser disk and the housing are adhered together with a suitable cement.

Patent
09 Oct 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a painting spray booth and air supply arrangement includes a main fan blowing air and an air supply plenum in fluid communication with the main fan for receiving blown air therefrom.
Abstract: A paint spray booth and air supply arrangement includes a main fan for blowing air and an air supply plenum in fluid communication with the main fan for receiving blown air therefrom. A support grid is positioned beneath the air supply plenum and includes a plurality of grid openings. A painting chamber is positioned beneath the support grid. A plurality of diffuser modules are positioned within the plurality of grid openings, respectively, for directing blown air from the air supply plenum in a substantially vertically downward direction through the painting chamber. Each diffuser includes an adjustment feature for selectively adjusting the speed of air directed therethrough. An apparatus is provided for individually adjusting the adjustment feature in each of the plurality of diffuser modules for creating areas of variable air speed through the painting chamber corresponding with each diffuser module while the diffuser modules being adjusted are supported on the support grid. Accordingly, the need is eliminated for removing the diffuser modules for individual adjustment.

Patent
15 Dec 1997
TL;DR: An internal diffuser on a diffuser stem (34) is disposed in a bore of a rotary control valve (24) for attenuating vibration in gas service or cavitation in liquid service as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An internal diffuser (30) on a diffuser stem (34) is disposed in a bore of a rotary control valve (24) for attenuating vibration in gas service or cavitation in liquid service

Patent
20 May 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a plurality of submerged air diffuser arrangements are disposed adjacent to the bottom of in a body of wastewater to be aerated and connected an air supply pipe extending along the surface of the wastewater.
Abstract: In the submerged diffuser arrangement described in the specification, a plurality of submerged air diffuser arrangements are disposed adjacent to the bottom of in a body of wastewater to be aerated and connected an air supply pipe extending along the surface of the wastewater. Air is supplied from the air supply pipe through downcomers leading to the diffuser arrangements. The diffusers may be suspended from the air pipe above the bottom or they may rest on the bottom. In order to raise the diffuser arrangements to the surface of the wastewater for servicing, inflatable buoyant members are affixed to each diffuser arrangement or to the lower ends of the associated downcomers. The inflatable buoyant members are connected through tubing to valves from which air may be supplied under pressure, either from the air supply pipe or form a portable air compressor or a compressed air container or through an air pressure line leading from a remote air supply located on the shore of the basin.

DOI
05 Aug 1997
TL;DR: In this article, an outfall diffuser system is used to accomplish rapid mixing of the effluent with the ambient water, in which various obstruction devices may be placed exterior to the diffuser nozzle.
Abstract: Jets have been widely used in submarine outfall diffuser systems for discharging the sewage effluents into large bodies of sea water to facilitate rapid mixing of the effluent with the ambient water. The primary goal of an outfall diffuser system is to accomplish rapid mixing of the effluent with the ambient water. In an effort to enhance the near field mixing, various obstruction devices may be placed exterior to the diffuser nozzle. This experimental study focuses on the enhanced mixing mechanisms of the jets obstructed with perforated discs. Experiments are conducted in a deep water tank with glass walls on four sides of the tank. The tank has the dimension of 3.35 m in depth with a square cross-section of 1.15 m. The water particle velocities of the resulting flow field are measured by using a portable four-beam, two-component, fiber-optic Laser-Doppler Velocimeter system (LDV). The concentration of the entrained fluid is measured by using a Laser-Induced Fluorescence system (LIF). The data acquisition system used for obtaining data on the concentration profiles is processed by Labview's programmable virtual instruments software.

Patent
Brent K. Olson1, J. Kirk Storey1
05 Aug 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid inflator including an inflator housing having an outer wall and a pop-out diffuser is described, which is connected to a remote collision or deceleration sensor through an initiator port defined by the outer wall.
Abstract: A hybrid inflator including an inflator housing having an outer wall and a pop-out diffuser. The outer wall defines a compressed gas reservoir and contains a combustion chamber separated from the compressed gas reservoir by a rupturable burst diaphragm. An initiator and pyrotechnic gas generant are contained within the combustion chamber of the inflator housing. The initiator is connectable to a remote collision or deceleration sensor through an initiator port defined by the outer wall. Compressed inert gas is contained within the compressed gas reservoir. The pop-out diffuser includes a diffuser plate forming a unitary part of the outer wall and a rupturable seam divides the diffuser plate from the remainder of the outer wall. A diffuser sleeve extends from the diffuser plate into the compressed gas reservoir to a diffuser flange extending radially outwardly from the diffuser sleeve and having an outer diameter that is greater than an outer diameter of the diffuser plate. The diffuser sleeve defines a plurality of gas exhaust ports. Upon initiation of the inflator, the initiator ignites the pyrotechnic gas generant which burst through the rupturable burst diaphragm to heat the compressed inert gas. The heated compressed inert gas pressurizes and causes the rupturable seam of the diffuser plate to rupture and form a portal so that the pop-out diffuser will extends out of the outer wall through the portal. The compressed inert gas can then exit the inflator through the gas exhaust ports of the diffuser sleeve and be dispersed for inflating an inflatable airbag cushion.

Patent
05 May 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a unitary airflow diffuser for use with a forced-air space heater has a plurality of spurs radially extending from a hub for deflecting the airflow generated by fan blades within the space heater.
Abstract: A unitary airflow diffuser for use with a forced-air space heater has a plurality of spurs radially extending from a hub. The spurs include one or more vanes for deflecting the airflow generated by fan blades within the space heater. A nozzle assembly is secured through an aperture in the hub of the diffuser for supplying fuel within a combustion chamber. Brackets can be provided for securing an igniter and a sensor to the airflow diffuser. Mounting tabs are provided on each vane to secure the airflow diffuser to a mounting plate disposed at the input of the combustion chamber. The nozzle ejects the fuel through a central aperture in the mounting plate into the combustion chamber. The mounting plate can have secondary apertures through which air can be diverted, and vanes can be provided on the mounting plates to direct air through the secondary apertures. The deflected air ensures that the fuel swirls around the nozzle and igniter and also serves as auxiliary combustion air with the result that a uniform, clean burning flame is realized.

Patent
09 Jul 1997
TL;DR: An exhaust gas diffuser interface includes a stainless steel shell with varying levels of insulation, which concentrates thermal expansion and contraction at the turbine outlet end allowing it to be connected to the outlet by way of a seal weld as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An exhaust gas diffuser interface includes a stainless steel shell with varying levels of insulation. The varying levels of insulation concentrate thermal expansion and contraction at the turbine outlet end allowing it to be connected to the outlet by way of a seal weld. This construction allows expansion and contraction of the diffuser interface in unison with the attached turbine outlet, as well as the diffuser inlet.

Patent
19 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a diffuser pipe is used to clean the inside of a membrane by injecting bubbles from the diffuser to hit the membrane, and the bubbles are hit against the membrane by a blower.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To completely clean the inside of a membrane by providing a diffuser pipe on the bottom side of a tank and the membrane above the diffuser pipe, connecting a pipeline having a pump to the membrane, allowing the bubbles injected from the diffuser pipe to hit the membrane, sucking a liq. chemical by the pump through the inside of the membrane and circulating the sucked chemical in the tank. SOLUTION: A tank 1 is filled with a liq. chemical 8, and a membrane 2 is dipped in the chemical 8 and arranged in the tank. A diffuser pipe 3 is provided on the bottom side of the tank 1, the diffuser pipe 3 is connected to a blower 4, and bubbles are injected from the diffuser pipe 3 and hit against the membrane 2. Further, a pipeline 5 is connected to the upper end of the membrane 2, a differential pressure gage 6 and a pump 7 are furnished to the pipeline 5, and the pipeline on the downstream side of the pump 7 is extended toward the inside of the tank 1. When the membrane 2 is cleaned, the blower is operated to inject the bubbles from the diffuser pipe 3 toward the membrane 2, the pump 7 is driven to suck the chemical 8 in the tank 5 through the membrane 2, the chemical 8 is recirculated into the tank 1, and the membrane 2 is cleaned by the chemical 8 passing through the inside of the membrane 2.