Showing papers on "Diffuser (sewage) published in 2005"

Fifteen years of offgas transfer efficiency measurements on fine-pore aerators: key role of sludge age and normalized air flux.

Abstract: Fine-pore diffusers, often called fine-bubble diffusers, have nearly replaced coarse bubble diffusers in municipal wastewater treatment over the past 20 years. The rapid increases in energy costs, which began in the 1970s, created financial incentives to upgrade to this more expensive and maintenance-intensive method of aeration. Fine-pore diffusers have the added benefit of reducing volatile organic compound stripping and reduced aeration heat loss. This paper summarizes 15 years of oxygen transfer efficiency measurements using the offgas technique. Efficiencies are shown for different types of diffusers at various tank geometries (depth, diffuser size, and number), airflow rates, and mean cell retention times (MCRT or sludge age). By normalizing the airflow rates per unit of depth and diffusing area, efficiencies measured in different plants can be compared. The results show that aeration efficiencies are logarithmically related to the ratio between MCRT and the normalized air flux, with transfer rates suppressed by low MCRT or high normalized air flux systems. There is no evidence for different alpha factors among the different types of fine-bubble diffuser types.

Light diffuser and process for producing the same

Abstract: A light diffuser (10), in particular a light diffuser suitable for introducing diffuse light into a tissue, is produced by interpenetration of a diffusing material in the liquid state into a boundary layer (4) of a porous moulding material, creating a diffuser surface having a surface structure which essentially represents a negative of the pore structure of the moulding material and has recessed shapes produced by surface tension. The light diffuser (10) is produced, for example, by introducing a diffuser blank (1) composed of a material which can be liquefied by mechanical vibration into the moulding material and by exciting it at the same time with mechanical vibrations, so as to liquefy the liquefiable material at least where it is in contact with the moulding material, and by pressing it into the moulding material. Diffuser production in site is particularly advantageous for the photodynamic therapy of bone tissue (20), in that an implant designed as a diffuser blank (1) is implanted in the bone tissue (20), which acts as a porous moulding material, for example by means of ultra-sound, and then is connected to a light-conducting optical fibre in order to expose the bone tissue to light.

Thermal processing apparatus and thermal processing method

Abstract: A light source comprising a plurality of flash lamps emits flashes thereby flash-heating a semiconductor wafer held by a thermal diffuser and a hot plate. The current distance of irradiation between the thermal diffuser and the hot plate holding the semiconductor wafer and the light source is so adjusted as to attain predetermined intensity of irradiation. The distance of irradiation between the thermal diffuser and the hot plate and the light source can be changed or corrected by vertically moving the thermal diffuser and the hot plate. Thus provided is a thermal processing apparatus using the flash lamps, capable of readily controlling the intensity of irradiation.

Method and device for compensating for color shift as a function of angle of view

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a display is provided and includes a plurality of interferometric display elements. The display further includes at least one diffuser. Optical properties of the diffuser are selected to reduce color shift of the display when viewed from at least one angle.

Non-Contact Transport Apparatus

Abstract: A non-contact transport apparatus comprises a top plate with a supply port for supplying air thereto, a diffuser plate having a plurality of discharge holes for discharging air, and a sheet-shaped nozzle plate interposed between the top plate and the diffuser plate and having a plurality of nozzles therein. The top plate, the nozzle plate and the diffuser plate are stacked and integrally connected to one another through a plurality of connecting bolts. Air is supplied from the supply port and via flow passages to the plurality of nozzles. Air is directed to the outside from the plurality of discharge holes, via radially formed nozzles oriented in a radially outward direction.

Floor cleaning machine using microfiber pad

Abstract: A cleaning machine for floors and carpets includes a vacuum pick-up in front of the machine for suctioning loose material and debris off the floor. A microfiber cleaning assembly is mounted beneath the machine for cleaning the floor following the vacuum pick-up. The microfiber cleaning element may be motor driven. A source of solution delivers a controlled amount of solution or water to moisten the microfiber cloth. A vacuum motor provides suction to the forward vacuum pick-up, routes the suctioned air through a filter, and the filtered air is then delivered to an air diffuser to dry any residual moisture behind the microfiber cleaning assembly. The microfiber cleaning assembly may have two offset pads driven by a reciprocating or oscillating drive, or one or two cylindrical rollers for receiving and securing the microfiber fabric in the form of a sleeve.

Mass transfer of ozone using a microporous diffuser reactor system

Abstract: An ozone reactor was constructed using a tubular gas diffuser made of microporous stainless steel to significantly reduce gas bubble size and increase overall mass transfer area. Overall mass transfer coefficient, KLa [s −1], was correlated with gas (G) and liquid (L) flow rates using KLa = ALαGβ , with A = 3.96 × 10 8 [s−1], α = 1.53, and β = 0.40, with L and G in [m 3s−1]. The reactor is essentially plug flow at high G or L. This system achieves one of the highest ozone mass transfer rates observed in the literature.

Direct-type back light module, diffuser plate and method of fabricating the same

Abstract: A direct-type back light module, a diffuser plate and a method fabricating the same are provided. The direct-type back light module includes a lamp box, a plurality of light sources and a diffuser plate. The light sources are arranged in the lamp box to serve as a surface light source. The diffuser plate is disposed in the lamp box above the light source. In addition, a plurality of micro bubbles is distributed in the diffuser plate to diffuse the light incident on the diffuser plate. The method of fabricating the diffuser plate includes providing an injection molding apparatus and a diffuser plate material. Then, at least a diffuser plate material is injected to form the diffuser plate. In addition, a plurality of micro bubbles is formed within the diffuser plate material during the injection step.

Theta-parallax-only (TPO) displays

Abstract: A 3-D display may comprise a rotating optical diffuser for displaying 3-D parallax images in specific substantially unidirectional viewing zones as the rotating optical diffuser rotates; and a projector for projecting images through the rotating optical diffuser.

Radial multiview three-dimensional displays

Abstract: A 3D display may comprise a rotating optical diffuser screen; and a projector for projecting images through the rotating optical diffuser screen. The rotating optical diffuser screen may be structured to optically create an exit pupil, said exit pupil having a limited horizontal viewing angle for displaying 3D images in specific viewing zones as the rotating optical diffuser screen rotates.

Diffuser of multiple volatile substances

Abstract: The invention relates to a diffuser of multiple volatile substances (air freshener liquid, odour absorption formulae, bactericide active substances, insecticides, etc.) comprising two or more containers ( 2, 2 ′) placed with a symmetrical or approximately symmetrical arrangement about a central body ( 1 ) to which they are joined by corresponding supports ( 3, 3 ′) that constitute said central body ( 1 ). Each container ( 2, 2 ′) holding the air freshener liquid or the desired formulation is closed by an active substance diffuser body ( 4 ) that also acts as a stopper and prevents dripping. When the device is at rest only one of the containers is diffusing. To change the fragrance, simply turn the device automatically or manually so that the container that was emanating is in the opposite position with respect to the other container, which will then diffuse its active substance, its evaporation being regulated individually or globally.

Diffuser panel and optical apparatus which uses this diffuser panel

Abstract: A diffuser panel having a plurality of micro lenses arranged on a surface of a substrate, a half or more of these micro lenses are in a shape which has (2n+1) angles. This diffuser panel provides rays which are uniformly diffused within a diffusion area and a light amount distribution which changes smoothly. This diffuser panel provides a bright image having a naturally blurred impression when the diffuser panel is used as a focusing panel of an optical apparatus.

Method and apparatus for maintaining a cross sectional shape of a diffuser during processing

Abstract: A diffuser for delivering one or more process gasses to a reaction region inside a chamber. The diffuser includes a first plate having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a second plate coupled to the first plate. The second plate has a second coefficient of thermal expansion that is less than the first coefficient of thermal expansion.

Lights for motor vehicles

Abstract: Lights, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising at least one light source and a cover that is arranged in front of the light source in the direction of radiation, wherein the cover includes an electric diffuser which may change the optical properties thereof to generate multi-functionality.

Backlight assembly and liquid crystal display apparatus having the same

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a plurality of lamps, a receiving container, a diffuser plate and a plurality of holding members. The lamps generate a light. The receiving container receives the lamps. The receiving container includes a bottom portion and a side portion protruded from a side of the bottom portion. The diffuser plate is over the lamps to diffuse the light generated from the lamps. The holding members are engaged with the bottom portion. Each of the holding members has a lamp holding portion that holds one of the lamps. 10 The lamp holding portion has an opening for receiving the lamp. The opening is inclined by a first angle with respect to a normal line of the bottom portion. Therefore, the lamps are securely combined with the lamp holding portion, and the lamps are easily assembled to protect the lamps from an externally provided impact.

Burner with Diffuser Resistant to High Operating Temperatures

Abstract: A burner suppliable with a mixture of air and fuel, comprising a diffuser (1; 1a) on which holes are made for the passage and subsequent combustion of said mixture, said diffuser (1; 1a) being divided into a plurality of diffuser elements (2) adjacent to one another, said diffuser elements (2) are fixable to a support and distribution element (11; 14; 14a; 14b; 14c) provided with first coupling means (12) for coupling with said diffuser elements (2) and with openings (13) for distributing said mixture to said diffuser elements (2).

Exhaust gas diffuser wall contouring

Abstract: A diffuser for diffusing the exhaust gas produced by an engine, said diffuser comprising a wall or walls defining sections of the diffuser, said diffuser comprising: an initial section which extends for substantially one third the length of the diffuser, at the entry to said initial section the shape factor of the boundary layer flow at the or each wall of the section being in the range 1.3 to 1.6, said initial section being configured so as to substantially linearly increase said shape factor so that at the exit of said initial section said shape factor is in the range 1.6 to 2.2; and a main section following the initial section and extending for the remaining length of the diffuser, said main section being configured so as to maintain said shape factor in the range 1.6 to 2.2 over the length of the main section.

Enhanced heat system for bga/cga rework

Abstract: A method and system for heating a circuit board component to an approximately uniform temperature sufficient to reflow the connections between the circuit board component and the circuit board. The method and system include a supplemental gas heater having a diffuser plate. The circuit board is placed against the diffuser plate and heated gas is channeled through openings in the diffuser plate into vias in the circuit board to heat a circuit board component connected on the opposite side of the circuit board. Heated gas can be channeled through selected vias towards predetermined areas and/or specified connections such as towards those areas or connections where there is a temperature differential greater than approximately 10 degrees Celsius compared to other areas or connections across the circuit board component. Hot gas can be channeled through selected vias by baffling or patterning the diffuser plate, accordingly.

LED back light module

Abstract: The invention is a LED backlight module, including a support plate, plural LEDs, a reflection piece, an auxiliary diffuser plate and a diffuser piece. These LEDs are arranged on the support plate. The auxiliary diffuser plate is arranged above these LEDs and the surface of the auxiliary diffuser plate has plural optical microstructures, and the diffuser piece is arranged above the auxiliary diffuser plate at a preset height. The light generated by the LEDs can be totally reflected from the auxiliary diffuser plate and diffuser piece and mixed in the LED backlight module and leave the LED backlight module from the top surface of the diffuser piece and these optical microstructures orient the light to the diffuser piece.

Multi-fluid sparging

Abstract: A diffuser is described for sparging to remove contaminant in situ. There is a first elongated member with a sidewall where a first portion of the length is microporous, and a second portion of the length has well screen sized openings. The first member defines an interior hollow portion of the diffuser, A second and third elongated members are present with sidewalls having microscopic openings. The second member is located within the hollow portion. The third member located coaxially with the first and second members. An end cap seals a first end of the third member, and is in contact with the second elongated member forming a chamber. The diffuser has an inlet arrangement for supporting a first fitting coupled to an interior portion adjacent the first member, a second fitting to couple to the chamber, and a third fitting coupled to the third member.

Porous membrane material and air diffuser

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a porous membrane material from which minute air bubbles can be generated uniformly and the efficiency of which when air bubbles are dispersed in sewage is improved. SOLUTION: The porous membrane material 1 has an air bubble generating membrane part 3 which has many small through-holes 2 and is made from an elastic body. Minute air bubbles are generated uniformly from the whole surface of the porous membrane material by setting small through-holes 2 in each portion of the air bubble generating membrane part 3 of the porous membrane material 1 so that the inside diameters, lengths or density of small through-holes to be arranged in one portion are made different from the inside diameters, lengths or density of those to be arranged in another portion. A hydrophilicity imparting agent-coated layer is formed on the front surface 3a of the air bubble generating membrane part 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Gas turbine facilities

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To further improve efficiency and increase output in gas turbine facilities increasing output and improving efficiency by spraying droplet in intake air of a compressor. SOLUTION: In the gas turbine facilities provided with a compressor 10 compressing air, a combustor 12 burning fuel and air compressed by the compressor, a turbine 14 driven by a combustion gas generated in the combustor, a water adding device 40 supplying water to an intake part of the compressor, the compressor is composed of a centrifugal step and chord-pitch ratio of a diffuser of the centrifugal step is 1.0 or less and 0.6 or more. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Sewage treatment method

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sewage treatment method which enables oxygen supply and membrane surface cleaning by aeration with air, by suppressing viscosity increase resulting from biopolymers in an activated sludge mixture liquor to increase the fluidity of the activated sludge mixture liquor in a membrane separation activated sludge treatment method. SOLUTION: In the sewage treatment method, organic sewage is subjected to activated sludge treatment in a biological treatment system 104, the activated sludge mixture liquor is subjected to solid-liquid separation by an immersion type membrane separator 109 installed so as to be immersed in a membrane separation tank 106 of the biological treatment tank 104, the concentration of the activated sludge in the membrane separation tank 106 is kept high, the oxygen supply to the activated sludge mixture liquor and the membrane surface cleaning of the immersion type membrane separator 109 are carried out by air diffused from an air diffuser 108 disposed below the immersion type membrane separator 109. The biopolymers in the activated sludge mixture liquor in the membrane separation tank 106 are coagulated by an agent to decrease the viscosity of the activated sludge mixture liquor, and the amount of the air diffused from the air diffuser is controlled under a condition where the minimum amount of air required for the membrane surface cleaning is reduced by decreasing the viscosity of the activated sludge mixture liquor. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Hair dryer air diffuser

Abstract: The present invention provides a hair dryer air diffuser elastically fitted to the nozzle of a hand held hair dryer. The air diffuser is substantially conical in shape and is made of flexible material. The air diffuser has openings or slits in the flexible material. Preferably, hair treatment products are affixed to or embedded in the flexible material. As the hair is dried, the heat in the air emerging from the dryer, volatilizes the hair treatment products and deposits them on the hair.

Effect of bubble-induced surface turbulence on gas-liquid mass transfer in diffused aeration systems.

Abstract: Models that predict volatilization of organic compounds from wastewater treatment basins may underestimate emission rates if the surfaces are considered as quiescent. In reality, the water surface may be agitated by subsurface aeration, increasing mass transfer across the tank surface air-water interface. This study investigated the effect of turbulence, induced by diffused bubble aeration, on mass transfer at the water surface of a pilot aeration basin. The mass transfer of ammonia from an enclosed headspace over the basin to acidified water was measured when different diffuser types and airflow rates were applied. Oxygen-transfer tests were conducted immediately following each ammonia-transfer test. Increasing airflow rates through fine- and coarse-bubble diffusers had a significant effect on the ammonia mass-transfer rate. Experimental mass-transfer parameters (K(L)a's) for surface volatilization derived with aeration present were up to 48% higher than the K(L)a values for quiescent conditions over the range of conditions tested. No effect of diffuser type on ammonia transfer could be determined. The study results infer an effect on oxygen transfer into the water at the surface and potential transfer of volatile organic compounds, if present, from the water. The results of the ammonia mass-transfer experiments suggest that adjustments to the existing mass transfer correlations for surface volatilization from aeration basins may be in order. Such adjustments will have the greatest effect on predictions for the less volatile compounds, under conditions of low airflow rates.

Automobile drive shaft`s differential axle cooling device, has cooling air inlet flanked by diffuser that is moved between closed and open positions based on comparison between reference and axle temperature determined by sensors

Abstract: The device has a cooling air inlet flanked by a diffuser (13) to cool a differential axle (4) of a rear axle. The diffuser is moved to a closed position, in which front edge of the diffuser floor wall lies on the inlet`s bottom, or to an open position, in which the edge is at maximum distance, based on the comparison between the reference temperature and differential axle temperature, that is determined by sensors. The diffuser has a contour with a wide inlet cross-section and a narrow outlet cross-section at its front and rear, respectively. The cooling air inlet is flanked by an under chassis (8) of a vehicle or a floor (10) of a fuel tank (9) at its bottom. An independent claim is also included for a method of cooling a differential axle of an automobile drive shaft.

Container and dispenser for a product

Abstract: The device has an actuator with a diffuser (40), and a trigger (60). The trigger is in support against the diffuser to move the diffuser to actuate a pump to dispense a product. The diffuser is connected, before the pump`s initial actuation, to a ferrule (30) by a bridge (50) in a position so that the diffuser is not in fluidic communication with the pump. The trigger has a stem limiting trigger`s movement to restrict pump`s actuation. The diffuser has a tube that extends along a perpendicular axis distinct from a longitudinal axis of the pump. An independent claim is also included for an utilization of a device for packaging and dispensing a product such as a cosmetic product, in the form of a cream, gel, foam or a spray.

Led emission measuring device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a diffuser panel capable of acquiring a measurement result stable for a long period, having a small change with passage of time, and an LED emission measuring device capable of measuring the emission quantity from an LED chip formed on a transparent wafer or a wavelength distribution simultaneously from front-and-back both surfaces by using the diffuser panel. SOLUTION: The diffuser panel is produced from a transparent material, and particles of barium sulfate are intermingled inside, to thereby acquire the diffuser panel having stable performance. A chuck table of the LED wafer is produced from a transparent material, and particles of barium sulfate are intermingled inside, to thereby enable to measure emission simultaneously from upper-and-lower both surfaces of the wafer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI