Diffuser (thermodynamics)

About: Diffuser (thermodynamics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6731 publications have been published within this topic receiving 54738 citations.

Anti-gas locking apparatus

Abstract: An anti-gas locking apparatus for a downhole pump comprises a sleeve disposed below the pump and in fluid communication with the pump inlet, a housing disposed about the sleeve and fluidly communicating at its upper end with the well in which the pump is disposed, and a cross-over assembly communicating lower portions of the housing with the lower end of the sleeve. The cross-over assembly comprises a cross-over diffuser including a jacket member, the upper end of which mates with the lower end of the sleeve, and a dome member within the jacket member. Apertures are formed through the jacket member and dome member and webs extend between these members to form inlet passages into the interior of the dome member from the annulus between the housing and the sleeve and outlet passages about the dome member to the sleeve. An impeller is disposed within the jacket member below the dome member. Disclosed is an improved geometry of the cross-over diffuser in which webs forming the walls of the inlet and outlet passage spiral about the dome member with ever increasing vertical slope to a substantially vertical disposition and the diffuser is provided with similarly shaped flow shaping vanes within the outlet passages. The impeller is provided with vanes that increase in vertical dimension fromm the center of the impeller toward the periphery thereof so that, with the improved geometry of the diffuser, turbulence of well fluids passing through the diffuser is avoided to prevent evolution of gases in the diffuser.

Method and apparatus for production of sub-denier spunbond nonwovens

Abstract: A unique isotropic sub-denier spunbond nonwoven product created by an apparatus and method comprising a unique multi-head resin metering system, a spinneret head with spinning sections, separated by a quench fluid extraction zone, a two sided, multilevel quench system, a fluid volume control infuser system which automatically guides the filaments into the filament drawing system while conserving energy by using a portion of the quench fluid as part of the drawing fluid and also minimizing turbulence at the entrance to the draw slot. The filament drawing system comprises a draw jet assembly with adjustable primary and secondary jet-nozzles and a variable width draw jet-slot. The entire draw jet assembly is moveable vertically for filament optimization. The offset, constant flow secondary jet-nozzle system provides an unexpectedly high velocity increment to the filaments by oscillating the filaments and increasing their drag resulting in remarkably low fiber denier on the order of 0.5 to 1.2. The apparatus also embodies a draw jet extension with an adjustable slot and contains two in-line or tandem which are also adjustable and maintain fiber tension and draw force through the lower end of the draw system. Drawn filaments are decelerated in an adjustable fluid volume control diffuser system which controls the amount and pressure of fluid in the diffuser and controls turbulence. The filaments enter into the fluid control system and begin to describe a downward spiraling motion results in remarkably uniform isotropic web where the machine to cross direction ratios of the bonded web physical properties such as tensile strength and elongation approach a ratio of 1:1.

Vehicle safety device

Abstract: 1,189,559. Crash protection device; steering wheels. EATON YALE & TOWNE Inc. 25 Sept., 1968 [12 Oct., 1967], No. 45603/68. Headings B7B and B7J. An inflatable crash protecting bag with its compressed fluid reservoir, diffuser member and electrically actuated firing device is housed in a member connecting a steering wheel rim to the steering column and is concealed by a blowoff cover.

Outfall diffuser behavior in stratified ambient fluid.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of design charts for estimating the mixing behavior from outfall diffusers in stagnant stratified ambient fluids is presented. Numerical analyses by traditional integral methods which consider the interaction and merging of individual port charges are used to predict the diffuser behavior. Predictions for the maximum height of plume rise and minimum dilution at that point are presented in the form of design curves. Experimental data for the cases of a single and opposing rows of horizontal ports are presented and compared to the numerical results. Additional data of the thickness and vertical location of the horizontally spreading layer developed after the maximum reached are presented. The numerical model was found to be inaccurate for cases of discharges with significant initial momentum. A criterion is developed to indicate when this effect will be important.

Study on an Axial Flow Hydraulic Turbine with Collection Device

Abstract: We propose a new type of portable hydraulic turbine that uses the kinetic energy of flow in open channels. The turbine comprises a runner with an appended collection device that includes a diffuser section in an attempt to improve the output by catching and accelerating the flow. With such turbines, the performance of the collection device, and a composite body comprising the runner and collection device were studied using numerical analysis. Among four stand-alone collection devices, the inlet velocity ratio was most improved by the collection device featuring an inlet nozzle and brim. The inlet velocity ratio of the composite body was significantly lower than that of the stand-alone collection device, owing to the resistance of the runner itself, the decreased diffuser pressure recovery coefficient, and the increased backpressure coefficient. However, at the maximum output tip speed ratio, the inlet velocity ratio and the loading coefficient were approximately 31% and 22% higher, respectively, for the composite body than for the isolated runner. In particular, the input power coefficient significantly increased (by approximately 2.76 times) owing to the increase in the inlet velocity ratio. Verification tests were also conducted in a real canal to establish the actual effectiveness of the turbine.