Showing papers on "Diffusion of innovations published in 1990"

The Economics of Innovation

Abstract: Technical innovations and organizational innovations are of major importance for the competitive performance of firms and of nations and for the long term growth of the world economy. This area of economics has been subjected to an explosion of theoretical and empirical research during the last 30 years by economists in the United States and more recently their colleagues in Europe and Japan. This volume focuses attention on the most significant advances both in theoretical and empirical work published in leading journals of economics as well as in journals dealing with policies for science and technology. It covers all the major developments including evolutionary theory, strategies of firms, path dependency, diffusion of innovations and paradigm change.

When do bandwagon diffusions roll? how far do they go? and when do they roll backwards?: a computer simulation.

Abstract: "Bandwagon pressures" in innovation diffusion are pressures to adopt an innovation that grow with increases in the number of its adopters. A simulation of bandwagon pressures shows that specifying ...

Diffusion of technology innovation.

Abstract: Within the context of nursing informatics as a field that addresses the use of information technology by nurses as they care for patients, carry out administrative tasks in health facilities, and educate others in the discipline, this article presents the theoretic perspectives of the adoption and implementation of such technologies. Research in the area of diffusion of innovations is reviewed from the perspective of classical diffusion theory and organizational theory. The state of the art and methodological issues of research in this area are addressed. Areas for future study are proposed.

Technology and the Economy: The Case of Falling Productivity Growth in the 1970s

Abstract: The concept of transfer of technology, or of diffusion of innovations, implies a distinction between the creation of new know-how and its spread through the economy. The first may be described as the activity on the ‘technological frontier’. This is usually identified with the innovators and could be defined as ‘best practice’ or latest know-how. The meaning of diffusion is self-explanatory. For some economists the distinction is connected with the idea that the technological frontier is created autonomously; the innovations enter the economy from outside whereas the diffusion is subject to economic forces and considerations (Maddision, 1979; Gomulka, 1979).

Special Education in Developing Countries: The Dilemma of Public Policy Making in the Context of Cultural Exchanges and Diffusion of Innovations.

Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of whether and to what degree developing countries should copy the models of special education delivery used in developed countries and identifies potential problems with this approach. The paper reviews the literature noting three general outlooks: the first sees special education systems of the United States and other developed countries as perfect models for developing countries; the second outlook argues that the developing countries should not adopt or duplicate the special education programs of developed countries for obvious financial reasons; and the third outlook emphasizes that all countries, developed and developing, have something to learn form one another. The paper then encourages a critical appraisal of the usage by developing countries of special education concepts (such as "transition" and "integration") from developed countries. It presents 14 recommendations for developing countries, which include extension of educational rights to the handicapped, increased emphasis on prevention of disabilities, improvement of teacher education programs, encouragement of parental involvement, development of appropriate school curriculums, improvement in data collection, and decreased class sizes. (Contains 13 references.) (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Otbce Educabonw Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ET-ths document has been reproduced as recewed Iron, the person Or oroan.zabon origInahng .t O IN.n0 changes have been made to .nprpue reproducbon Quatay Po.nts of ..e* or ogumons stated Ln this dccu . rnent do not necessardy represent offical OE RI pOsItrOn Or pobcy SPECIAL EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE DILEMMA OF PUBLIC POLICY MAKING IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL EXCHANGES AND DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

Policy and technology: partners in the diffusion of small energy systems in developing countries

Abstract: The International Development Research Centre (IORC) is an autonomous Canadian public institution with the function of supporting applied research that is conceived, designed and carried out by individuals and institutions in developing countries. Formally a crown corporation, its policies are set by an international Board of Governors, and it operates with a development budget of approximately $100 million (CAD). Since the early I970s,IORC has supported a large number of energy projects. Apart from the reviews associated with the Energy Research Project (ERG 1986), the bulk have involved relatively small-scale options for (a) developing better ways to use local renewable (particularly biomass) sources of energy, and (b) exploring policies or programmes that would encourage wider dissemination of such alternatives.