Showing papers on "Diffusion of innovations published in 2006"
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system by concerned with the spread of messages that are perceived as new ideal.
Abstract: Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Diffusion is a special type of communication concerned with the spread of messages that are perceived as new ideal. Communication is a process in which participants create and share information with one another in order to reach a mutual understanding. Diffusion has a special character because of the newness of the idea in the message content. Thus some degree of uncertainty and perceived risk is involved in the diffusion process. An individual can reduce this degree of uncertainty by obtaining information. Information is a difference in matter energy that affects uncertainty in a situation where a choice exists among a set of alternatives.
9,295 citations
TL;DR: The review and analysis of the rich body of research on the adoption and diffusion of IT-based innovations by individuals and organizations can consistently say that generic characteristics of the innovation and characteristic of the organization are strong predictors of IT adoption by both individuals and organization.
Abstract: We present a review and analysis of the rich body of research on the adoption and diffusion of IT-based innovations by individuals and organizations. Our review analyzes 48 empirical studies on individual and 51 studies on organizational IT adoption published between 1992 and 2003. In total, the sample contains 135 independent variables, eight dependent variables, and 505 relationships between independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, our sample includes both quantitative and qualitative studies. We were able to include qualitative studies because of a unique coding scheme, which can easily be replicated in other reviews. We use this sample to assess predictors, linkages, and biases in individual and organizational IT adoption research. The best predictors of individual IT adoption include Perceived Usefulness, Top Management Support, Computer Experience, Behavioral Intention, and User Support. The best predictors of IT adoption by organizations were Top Management Support, External Pressure, Professionalism of the IS Unit, and External Information Sources. At the level of independent variables, Top Management Support stands as the main linkage between individual and organizational IT adoption. But at an aggregate level, two collections of independent variables were good predictors of both individual and organizational IT adoption. These were innovation characteristics and organizational characteristics. Thus, we can consistently say that generic characteristics of the innovation and characteristics of the organization are strong predictors of IT adoption by both individuals and organizations. Based on an assessment of the predictors, linkages, and known biases, we prescribe 10 areas for further exploration.
1,086 citations
TL;DR: This study developed a more complete, coherent, and unified model and tested the resulting model in the context of PDA acceptance by healthcare professionals; it explained 57% of the physician's intention to accept an innovation, with good model fit.
1,041 citations
TL;DR: The main models of innovation diffusion were established by 1970 as discussed by the authors, and the main categories of these modifications are: the introduction of marketing variables in the parameterisation of the models; generalising the models to consider innovations at different stages of diffusions in different countries; and generalizing the models by considering the diffusion of successive generations of technology.
728 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The diffusion of innovations has been studied for over 30 years, and one of the most popular adoption models is described by Rogers in his book, Diffusion of Innovations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The process of adopting new innovations has been studied for over 30 years, and one of the most popular adoption models is described by Rogers in his book, Diffusion of Innovations (Sherry & Gibson, 2002). Much research from a broad variety of disciplines has used the model as a framework. Dooley (1999) and Stuart (2000) mentioned several of these disciplines as political science, public health, communications, history, economics, technology, and education, and defined Rogers’ theory as a widely used theoretical framework in the area of technology diffusion and adoption.
548 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of non-demographic characteristics on the adoption of e-government services in the United States combining two main theoretical perspectives: diffusion of innovations and the technology acceptance model.
Abstract: This exploratory study examines the effects of nondemographic characteristics on the adoption of e-government services in the United States combining two main theoretical perspectives: diffusion of innovations and the technology acceptance model. The results of a national survey suggest that nondemographic audience characteristics influence e-government adoption. The study adds to previous research in the area by identifying several sociopsychological characteristics that play a role in the adoption process: perceived usefulness, perceived uncertainty, and civic mindedness. The study also ascertains the influence of interpersonal communication and mass media channels on e-government adoption. Theoretical implications for future researchers and policy implications for producers of governmental web sites are discussed.
211 citations
TL;DR: Methodology used in this study provides a model for other colleges of education worldwide to obtain information about the needs of their faculty members and suggests that an action plan should take advantage of faculty members’ positive computer attitudes and collegial communication to help them move to the higher levels of use and expertise in instructional technologies.
Abstract: The purpose of this research study was to develop a theory-based methodology for exploring instructional computer use by faculty members in one College of Education (COE) and implementing this methodology at an Anatolian university in Turkey. Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations theory was used as the theoretical framework in the process of instrument development, data collection, and in the interpretation of the results. The faculty members in the study reported low levels of use and expertise in instructional computer technologies. Variables significantly correlated with faculty members’ level of computer use were computer expertise, computer access, barriers to computer access, attitude toward computer use, support for computer use, and adopter categories based on innovativeness. The importance of administrative support and the need for faculty development were two major findings from this study. The results from the qualitative data provided information on addressing barriers to faculty com...
157 citations
TL;DR: A model for using and incorporating interpersonal communication into health promotion programs designed to encourage behaviors that reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/HIV is developed.
Abstract: Objective:The objective of this study was to describe how diffusion of innovations theory can integrate mass media, interpersonal communication, and social network analysis. These principles can be used to implement and tailor data-based health promotion activities.Goal:The goal of this study was to
149 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework that incorporates economic, social, and political influences on knowledge transfer in universities is developed. And the authors examine university technology transfer and the motivations and incentives offered to the various participants.
Abstract: The legal, economic, and policy environmentsthat comprise the system of innovation affect university knowledge productionand, consequently, the rate of technological change. These influences onknowledge transfer are identified and discussed. To understand the role of universities in creating and deploying newknowledge, a framework that incorporates economic, social, and politicalinfluences is developed. The framework examines university technology transferand the motivations and incentives offered to the various participants. There are four elements of the framework: (1) the university environmentcontains formal rules (incentives and rewards) and informal rules (standardoperating procedures, customs, and norms); (2) transactions consist ofsponsored research, licenses, spin-off firms, student hires, and serendipity,(3) firm characteristics encompass industry characteristics, firm objectives,firm size capabilities, and geographic location; and (4) the individualresearcher. There are additional dynamics and relationships in the framework: policy,environment, and legal framework; exogenous shift parameters; behavioralattributes (loyalty, opportunism); and strategic response and learning.Finally, the public policy context for innovation isdiscussed.(TNM)
125 citations
24 Feb 2006
TL;DR: This paper conducted interviews with five physics instructors who represent likely users of educational research and found that one significant barrier appears to be that faculty and educational researchers have different expectations about how they should work together to improve student learning.
Abstract: To identify barriers to the dissemination of innovative instructional strategies we conducted interviews with 5 physics instructors who represent likely users of educational research. One significant barrier appears to be that faculty and educational researchers have different expectations about how they should work together to improve student learning. This discrepancy was expressed directly (and often emotionally) by all of the instructors we interviewed. Although different instructors described different aspects of this discrepancy, we believe that they are all related to a single underlying issue: educational researchers expect to disseminate curricular innovations and have faculty adopt them with minimal changes while faculty expect researchers to work with them to adapt knowledge and materials for their unique instructional situations. We will explore this claim and the evidence found in the interview transcripts. We will also discuss implications for the educational research community.
108 citations
TL;DR: Ten principles are provided for working effectively within societal sectors and enhancing user involvement in the processes of adoption and implementation to stimulate the efficient dissemination of proven-effective programs.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an alternate simple model of new product growth for consumer durables, based on the concept of affordability rather than on diffusion, and compared this model with the diffusion model in terms of fit, stability and validity of parameters, and forecasting ability.
Abstract: A firm's ability to compete in new product markets is vital to its profitability and long-term survival. Therefore, it is important to understand the development and growth of these markets. Following a pioneering study by Bass (1969), diffusion models have traditionally provided this understanding in marketing. The great appeal of the Bass model is that it is a simple one that fits the data very well and provides parameters that have an intuitive behavioural interpretation. The model suffers from three well-known limitations: (1) it does not include marketing variables that could infuence new product diffusion and sales; (2) the model's parameters are unstable; and (3) the model's forecasts are inaccurate before the sales peak and especially prior to the point of inflection. Subsequent research has made progress especially in extending the Bass model to include marketing variables. However, the extensions have come at the cost of simplicity: the new models are far more complex than the simple Bass model. We propose an alternate simple model of new product growth for consumer durables, based on the concept of affordability rather than on diffusion. We compare this model with the diffusion model in terms of fit, stability and validity of parameters, and forecasting ability. The alternate model is a little inferior to the diffusion model in fit, but superior in terms of the stability and validity of parameters and forecasting ability. We discuss the limitations and implications of our model.
Book•
04 Jul 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a cross-Continental journey with Ev Rogers and their personal journey from Iowa to Iowa and the Shefner-Rogers Index (SHI).
Abstract: Foreword - Peter Clarke Preface Communication of Innovations: A Journey with Ev Rogers - James W Dearing and Arvind Singhal Revisiting Diffusion Theory - James W Dearing and Gary Meyer Communication Network Analysis and the Diffusion of Innovations - Thomas W Valente Innovation as a Knowledge Generation and Transfer Process - Dorothy A Leonard On Integrating Social Cognitive and Social Diffusion Theories - Albert Bandura Social Marketing and the Broadening of Marketing Movement - Philip Kotler Communication and Social Change in Developing Countries - Srinivas Melkote Implementing Strategic Extension Campaigns: Applying Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Ev Rogers - Ronny Adhikarya Entertainment-Education and Health Promotion: A Cross-Continental Journey - Arvind Singhal, Kimani Njogu, Martine Bouman and Eliana Elias Everett Rogers Personal Journey: Iowa to Iowa - Corinne L Shefner-Rogers Indexes
TL;DR: In this paper, the adoption of a program to address global climate change by U.S. municipalities is shaped by social contagion and organizational linkages, as well as by the actions of change-promoting agents.
Abstract: Few researchers have examined how organizational environments and framing processes simultaneously influence the diffusion of organizational practices. This article combines insight from major perspectives on the diffusion of organizational innovations and from social movement studies, and shows that the adoption of a program to address global climate change by U.S. municipalities is shaped by social contagion and organizational linkages, as well as by the actions of change-promoting agents. The findings emphasize the potential as well as the limitation of the strategic efforts on the part of innovation promoters to frame adoption in a way that will appeal to potential adopters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed early market and mainstream decision-making behaviors, and how the active ingredients in policy instruments specifically target the characteristics of the two markets, and analyzed the differences between the early and mainstream market actors from a behavioural change point of view.
TL;DR: Social Network Analysis (SNA) has been widely used in the social sciences and comparative research as mentioned in this paper, where the authors present a basic summary of the theoretical and methodological assumptions of SNA followed by a succinct overview of its application to diverse fields of study.
Abstract: This essay describes the pertinence of Social Network Analysis (SNA) for the social sciences in general, and discusses its methodological and conceptual implications for comparative research in particular. The authors first present a basic summary of the theoretical and methodological assumptions of SNA, followed by a succinct overview of its application to diverse fields of study. They then exemplify in greater detail one of the possible uses of SNA in comparative research, namely in studies on the transnational diffusion of innovations. In so doing, they draw on a case taken from their own research work, i.e. the introduction and dissemination of the so‐called monitorial system of education in early nineteenth‐century Hispanic America. The authors conclude with an assessment of the impact, possibilities, and weaknesses of SNA in the current conjuncture of comparative social and historical research.
TL;DR: This article draws upon Diffusion of Innovations and Configurational theories to investigate how website features and email responses by 200 Swiss hotels reflect evolving Internet adoption, and illustrates how ANNs complement and help overcome limitations of multivariate techniques.
Abstract: This article draws upon Diffusion of Innovations and Configurational theories to investigate how website features and email responses by 200 Swiss hotels reflect evolving Internet adoption. Complementary multivariate and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques support classifying the hotels into three clusters based on their website features. These clusters and the results of a structural equation model confirm that Internet adoption evolves from static to dynamic use, as organizations add website features and provide quality responses to customer emails. Practically, differences among these clusters suggest caution in adopting some website features. Academically, the study extends diffusion research and introduces metrics, particularly domain name age and quality email responses, for future research of organizational Internet adoption. Finally, the study illustrates how ANNs complement and help overcome limitations of multivariate techniques.
01 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In the field of security, as in other fields of governance, the need to design and implement innovations and to diffuse them from one context or site to another is much talk as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Introduction There is much talk in the field of security, as in other fields of governance, of the need to design and implement innovations and to diffuse them from one context or site to another. Broadly speaking, an innovation is ‘an idea, practice, or object perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption’ (Rogers 1995 : 35 cited in Nutley and Davies 2000 : 35). New organizational approaches within and across a variety of fields have become marketable commodities in our global era. In the area of security governance there has been an ‘international trade in ways of understanding, and acting upon, more mundane, local, volume crimes’ (Stenson and Edwards 2004 : 211 ) as exemplified in the widespread diffusion of ‘Compstat’-like programs across and beyond the United States (Weisburd et al. 2003 ). As well, models of ‘community policing’ are being marketed as service delivery ‘packages’ for improving crime prevention and enhancing public perceptions of safety (Wood and Font 2004). The design and diffusion of innovations is, or should be, based on explanatory analyses of those sites wherein change or transformation is to take place combined with comprehensive assessments (instrumental and/or normative) of what exactly should be transformed and how. However, many scholars grapple with the question of whether, and to what extent, one can adequately describe and assess those sites that are to adopt innovations, particularly foreign locales characterized by unique social, political and cultural contexts (see Cohen 1982 ).
TL;DR: In this article, the interface between innovation and diffusion and the role of adaptive improvements to this effect in the context of promoting technologies in rural micro-industries is discussed. But the authors do not consider the impact of local technological capability and indigenous knowledge on the diffusion of innovations.
TL;DR: In this article, the notion of technology and knowledge spillovers is introduced, which is based on theories of endogenous technical change of the early 1990s (Romer, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1998), claiming that the return to technological investments is partly private and partly public.
Abstract: According to new growth theory, technological progress is endogenous and driven by an intentional investment of resources by profit-seeking firms. Still, innovation activities in firms depend heavily on external sources (Fagerberg, 2005). For most countries foreign sources of technology are of dominant importance for productivity growth (Eaton and Kortum, 1999; Keller, 2002). Therefore, economic analysis of innovation recognizes international knowledge flows (through FDI, trade, licensing and international technological collaborations) as important determinants of the development and diffusion of innovations. Here, the notion of technology and knowledge spillovers is central. It is based on theories of endogenous technical change of the early 1990s (Romer, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1998), claiming that the return to technological investments is partly private and partly public (Keller, 2004). Because of the non-rival character of technology, an innovation that is produced by one firm may also be used by another firm, without incurring very much additional cost (Smolny, 2000). These are technology or knowledge spillovers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a more encompassing methodology for tracking the fate of technological interventions, illustrating the potential applications of findings for enhancing the positive impact of agricultural research and extension in the region.
Abstract: The primary focus of agricultural research and extension in eastern Africa is technology generation and dissemination. Despite prior critiques of the shortcomings of this approach, the consequences of such activities continue to be measured through the number of technologies developed and introduced into the supply chain. At best, impact is assessed by the total numbers of adopters and by the household and system factors influencing adoption. While the diffusion research tradition has made substantive advances in recent decades, attention to what happens to technologies after adaptive, on-farm research trials continues to be limited in practice. While a host of newer approaches designed to correct for past shortcomings in diffusion research is now available, integrative methodologies that capitalize on the strengths of these different traditions are sorely needed. This article presents a more encompassing methodology for tracking the fate of technological interventions, illustrating the potential applications of findings for enhancing the positive impact of agricultural research and extension in the region.
TL;DR: The authors examines theories and concepts that describe research's influence on policy, links these with literature and empirical findings on diffusion of innovations and technology transfer and concludes by presenting proven strategies to enhance the uptake and use of research generally and particularly in policy change processes.
TL;DR: An institutional framework is put forward, based on viewing PV as a technology platform, to consider PV diffusion beyond mathematical and empirical modeling, and a multi-factors learning function is used to represent such learning dynamics.
TL;DR: The study identifies a ‘guerilla tactic’ that change agents can use in software organizations to cross the chasm and discusses lessons learned in relation to literature on diffusion of innovation and software agility.
Abstract: Inspired by the chasm between early adopters and early majority in diffusion of technological innovations, this paper investigates how agile improvement practices can help software organizations successfully implement new processes. An action research-based improvement initiative implemented a new change-request process and tool at the telecom company Ericsson AB in Gothenburg, Sweden. The study identifies a 'guerilla tactic' that change agents can use in software organizations to cross the chasm, and it discusses lessons learned in relation to literature on diffusion of innovation and software agility. The contribution of the study is that the guerrilla tactic supports agile improvement practices and facilitates successful implementation.
TL;DR: The results indicate that most Internet use behaviors are positively associated with cosmopoliteness, however, this pattern was not found for other media applications such as e-mail and watching DVDs.
Abstract: The concept of cosmopoliteness previously has been associated with the diffusion of innovations. Previous research suggests that cosmopolites are earlier adopters of innovations (e.g., new media technologies) and that they use more diverse media sources. This paper details the history of the concept and identifies eight dimensions. Two surveys were employed to investigate the relationship between the concept of cosmopoliteness and new media technology usage. The results indicate that most Internet use behaviors are positively associated with cosmopoliteness. However, this pattern was not found for other media applications such as e-mail and watching DVDs. Implications of study findings are discussed.
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Findings give evidence that a high degree of performance expectancy among university staff seems to enhance the implementation process of Virtual Learning Environments in higher education.
Abstract: This paper presents findings from an ongoing cross-cultural study exploring implementation of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) in higher education. Semi-structured interviews were made with key personnel at three university departments providing public health education in Lithuania, Norway and Sweden during 2004-2005. Technology acceptance in the context of the innovation decision process was focused during the interviews. The data was analyzed from the perspectives of innovation diffusion theory and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Findings give evidence that a high degree of performance expectancy among university staff seems to enhance the implementation process. Factors found to obstruct the implementation process were: 1) the concept of “academic freedom” put forward as an argument for not using educational technology, and 2) an organisational culture depicting teaching on campus as the ideal pedagogical approach.
Book•
15 Mar 2006
TL;DR: An automated framework for forecasting the diffusion of innovations, which utilizes existing diffusion information from any market areas or similar products introduced to the markets earlier, and which aims to move present theory toward more practical and automatic prediction tools for company analysts and diffusion researchers.
TL;DR: It is shown how diffusion of innovations theory and principles apply to the development and dissemination of anatomical information methods and resources, and the continuing evolution of wearable computing devices underscores the need for maintaining anatomical information transportability via standardized data formats.
Abstract: Over the course of many centuries, evolving scientific methods and technologies have advanced the study of anatomy. More recently, such dissemination of innovations has been formally studied in multidisciplinary psychosocial contexts, yielding useful knowledge about underlying principles and processes. We review these precepts and show how diffusion of innovations theory and principles apply to the development and dissemination of anatomical information methods and resources. We consider the factors affecting the late-20th-century dissemination of personal computers and World Wide Web hypermedia into widespread use in anatomical research and instruction. We report on the results of a small experiment in applied diffusion, the development and Internet-based distribution of learning resources for a popular, widely distributed personal media player. With these wearable microcomputer devices already in use by a variety of students, new opportunities exist for widespread dissemination of anatomical information. The continuing evolution of wearable computing devices underscores the need for maintaining anatomical information transportability via standardized data formats.
24 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a fitting tribute to the diversity and depth of Paul David's contributions, ranging from simulation models of the evolution of market structure in the presence of innovation, through historical investigations of knowledge networks and empirical analysis of contemporary networks, to the analysis of the diffusion of innovations using simulation and analytic models and of knowledge using patent data.
Abstract: This outstanding collection provides a fitting tribute to the diversity and depth of Paul David’s contributions. The papers included range from simulation models of the evolution of market structure in the presence of innovation, through historical investigations of knowledge networks and empirical analysis of contemporary networks, to the analysis of the diffusion of innovations using simulation and analytic models and of the diffusion of knowledge using patent data.