Diffusion of innovations

About: Diffusion of innovations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2139 publications have been published within this topic receiving 191397 citations. The topic is also known as: diffusion of innovation & diffusion of innovations theory.

Austria’s digital transition: The diffusion challenge

Abstract: Austria’s transition to a digital economy and society is slower than in other high-income small open European economies. The rate and pace of utilisation of eight main ICT applications shows that Austrian firms follow peer country counterparts with a gap, which has widened in most areas in recent years. Two dynamics drive digital transitions and Austria has room for progress in both of them. First, the potential for digitalisation in all firms, and especially in the smaller ones (where gaps are largest) should be freed-up by upgrading the full range of ICT-generic, ICT-specific and ICT-complementary skills. Second, Austria needs to make its business environment more conducive to firm entry and exit. The rate of entry of new firms and their growth are crucial for the diffusion of new business models and ICT innovations but fall behind peer countries. The adoption of ICT innovations by households also follows a staggered path: young and highly educated Austrians adopt ICT applications in similar ways to their counterparts in peer countries, while middle and older age cohorts display noticeable gaps. This calls for policies to help lagging groups become more acquainted with innovations. A whole-of-government approach, including large-scale utilisation of e-government applications in enterprises and households, should help to embrace change and facilitate the flourishing of innovative businesses, work practices and lifestyles throughout Austria. This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Austria (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-austria.htm)

Теоретичні основи дослідження та особливості дифузії інновацій у секторі ікт

Abstract: Innovations have become the most important factor of growth and competitiveness in the modern economic paradigm. The innovative model or development type dominates today as a milestone of national, regional and corporate strategies. Intensive diffusion of innovations (DI) is the most important precondition for innovative economy functioning. The essence and theoretical foundations of DI research have been presented in the article. Attention is drawn to the fact that DI is a special type of communication and social process. The types (non-commercial transfer, commercial transfer, free diffusion), subjects, factors and preconditions of DI, as well as its functions in the economy have been distinguished. The state participation in favorable conditions providing for the flow of DI is defined. The primary focus was on the analysis of DI in the ICT sector. In this regard, the objects of DI are identified and the connection with digital economy formation, including its various manifestations, is substantiated. The digital economy structure, the digital innovation phenomenon and software features as the basis of ICT that all sectors of the economy depend on in the era of informatization, are presented. An analytical frame for the study of DI in the ICT sector is proposed; this includes: innovation characteristics; subjects characteristics; innovative ICT diffusion process characteristics; ICT diffusion features characteristics in certain economy sectors where they are used; the diffusion environment characteristics; the characteristics of the forms of DI. Attention is drawn to the role of education in DI that makes it possible to overcome its knowledge-related barriers. The main approaches to the study of DI in the ICT sector (macro-, meso-, microanalytical, cognitive, organizational, social, market, institutional approaches, etc.) are proposed. The directions of a quantitative assessment of the DI processes and consequences in the ICT sector are highlighted. The intensity of DI is commensurate of the innovative activity level and the innovative processes effectiveness (symmetry), as well as with a unified understanding of innovation. The areas that need to be addressed in the framework of the DI analysis, in order to solve the problems of its development and the efficiency improvement of enterprise participation, including marketing of innovations have been defined in the presented material.

Blockchains 2019 in e-HRM: Hit or Hype?

Abstract: Blockchains, also known as “distributed ledger technologies” (DLT) are perhaps the emerging innovation that, in the years leading up to and including 2019, is raising the highest expectations for HRM in the 4.0 business environment. In essence, a blockchain is a very specific type of database, with characteristics that made it the ideal application for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Within the context of digital- or e-HRM, there is potential to improve human resource management (HRM) processes using blockchains for employment screening, credential and educational verification, worker contracts and payments, among others, notwithstanding questions about its efficiency vis-a-vis conventional alternatives (Maurer, 2018; Zielinski, 2018). The research questions examined in this chapter include the following: What are the main characteristics of blockchains? Will they be adopted in a widespread form, specifically by HRM departments? Constructs from Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory (Rogers, 2003) are used to inform the Human Resources scholarly and practitioner communities; this robust theory may help companies allocate resources (e.g., budgets, personnel, managerial time, etc.) in an evidence-informed manner. As of this writing, very few blockchain applications, such as credential verification and incident reporting, seem to hold a strong potential for adoption.

The Economics of Production Innovation — An Industrial Perspective

Abstract: Introduction. Resources, technology, and production: an aggregate view. The microeconomic theory of production and technological change. Returns to scale, scale economies, and technological change. The evaluation of industrial performance. Inventing as an economic activity. The patent system. Development and innovation. The diffusion of innovations. The effects of technological change I. The effects of technological change II. International aspects of technological change.